Amene mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda? Mabakiteriya ndi anthu

Mwa ambirimbiri tizilombo Tingaone ngati abwenzi, kuti kupereka ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya thupi lathu ndi adani. zamoyo amenewa anawagawa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,, bowa ndi mogwirizana. Nthawi zina tizilombo deta amaphatikizidwa ndi mawu akuti "tizilomboto". Mabakiteriya ndi wothandizila causative matenda ambiri, ena mitundu ndi loopsa kwambiri moyo wa munthu. Komabe, anthu zamoyo zimene zimakhala mu thupi la munthu, m'malo mwake, zimathandiza kuthana ndi ntchito zawo.

Mabakiteriya, kapangidwe awo

Mabakiteriya otchedwa protists. Ang'ono (0.5-10 microns) ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Selo ya zinthu izi imakhala Kakhungu ndi cytoplasm. Maselo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kagayidwe chilengedwe. Kakhungu Cytoplasmic zolimba kuti chipolopolo ndi wapangidwa mapulotini, lipids ndi michere. Ndi udindo ndondomeko kuchotsa ndi kulowa khola zinthu, monga chotchinga osmotic. The chigawo chachikulu ndi cytoplasmic mapuloteni. Apa ndi pamene njira mphamvu kuti kupereka ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya maselo. Mabakiteriya sindikuganiza mwapereka phata. M'malo pano chinthu nyukiliya muli RNA ndi DNA.

Mipweya ya maselo

Mbali yaikulu ya maselo bakiteriya - ndi madzi. Pamafunika 80% ya kulemera okwana bakiteriya a. Komabe, mikangano wokhutira ndi kwambiri zochepa - pafupifupi 20%. mabakiteriya ambiri mokwanira bwino analekerera ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi (kuyanika). Pa njira kagayidwe kachakudya yomweyo zinthu mochedwa, ndipo iwo Kusiya zikuchulukirachulukira. Komanso, maselo monga mapuloteni, chakudya, mafuta ndi mchere, ndi zidulo mkati.

mabakiteriya kayendedwe

maselo bakiteriya kuchita kayendedwe zikomo kwa thupi wapadera - pa michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana. Izi woonda ulusi ngati mapangidwe, chiwerengero ndi malo osiyanasiyana awo. makulidwe awo ndi za 0.01-0.03 microns. Pankhaniyi, kudziwa mitundu yambiri. Ngati bakiteriya udzakhalire m'modzi ndipo ili ku umodzi kwambiri - mabakiteriya amenewa amatchedwa monotorihami. Yaying'ono-zamoyo imene zake ndi mtolo michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana - monopolar lofotrihi. Anthu mabakiteriya imene mizati anayikidwa matabwa, wotchedwa amfitrihami. Koma ngati michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana anaphimba nkhope yonse ya selo, izo peritrichous. Njira ina kayendedwe ka bakiteriya - kolemba. Akukhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti maselo ndi kuchepetsedwa mafunde.

Kawetedwe tizilombo. sporulation

The njira kubalana akanika ndi mwachilungamo wophweka. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti selo ukugawa pawiri, kufika kukula ena. Choyamba ndi anawonjezera, ndiye kugawa yopingasa, waika maselo amasiyana mitengoyo. Ngati inu malo kuwapangitsa, mabakiteriya magawano angayambe aliyense mphindi 20. Koma ambiri a zamoyo akuphedwa ndi zochita za chilengedwe. Pakuti anasamutsa sinali bwino mabakiteriya angathe kupanga spores. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, iwo akukhalabe umoyo wa zaka zikwi. Ngakhale Mitembo yokhala wakale wa spores bakiteriya apezeka. Iwo anapanga mu mitundu ingapo: mkati, pakati kapena kumapeto kwa khola.

kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe mabakiteriya

Malinga mtundu wa bakiteriya ndi wachinsinsi mu mitundu zotsatirazi:

1. Mpira. mabakiteriya Awa ndi wothandizila causative matenda osiyanasiyana. Zikuphatikizapo staphylococci (mphesa ndi mawonekedwe), streptococci (yaitali mawonekedwe unyolo). tizilombo Recent ndi chifukwa njira yotupa ndi matenda monga angina, otitis, chibayo. mabakiteriya Staphylococcal ndi wothandizila causative matenda alimentary thirakiti, purulent njira. The owopsa woimira - Staphylococcus aureus.
2. Ndodo woboola pakati. mtundu uwu ali ndi mawonekedwe yamphamvu. Nthawi zambiri kupanga spores. tizilombo amenewa amatchedwa oyambitsa. mabakiteriya Awa ndi wothandizila causative wa tizilombo ta matenda.
3. Mwauzimu. Iwo nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi swirls. Zikuphatikizapo spirilla kuti sizovuta chabwinobwino chamoyo. Spirochetes kuoneka ngati woonda zopotoka ulusi. Amadziwika kuti mabakiteriya awa - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chindoko.
4. Vibrio. The oimira gulu ili ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono yokhota kumapeto. Ali ofala: mabakiteriya causative ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi chilengedwe zamchere. Amayambitsa matenda monga kolera.
5. Mycoplasma. Mbali A wa mtundu uwu ndi pakalibe nembanemba selo. Kunja thupi khamu, iwo sangathe kugwira ntchito. Funso la mtundu wanji wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda matenda Mycoplasma mabakiteriya ndi mwachilungamo wophweka Yankho: iwo makamaka imautsa maonekedwe a matenda ng'ombe kapena zomera.

kolera

Mmodzi matenda owopsa ndi kolera. Zingamvekere dongosolo m'mimba ndipo amachititsa kuledzera kwambiri. Kodi mabakiteriya ndi causative nthumwi za kolera? Tizilombo timeneti ankagwidwa ndi Robert Koch. Vibrio cholerae ali mawonekedwe a ndodo pang'ono yokhota kumapeto. Chinthu chapadera mabakiteriya awa - mkulu sayenda. Vibrio cholerae akulowa intestine kakang'ono ndipo pali lokhazikika. Kumeneko kutulutsa poizoni mapuloteni, chifukwa mu mkhutu bwino madzi amchere, thupi kwambiri limafooka. Yodziwika Mabakiteriya kugonjetsedwa chilengedwe zamchere, koma kwa asidi oipawa. Komanso, ngakhale kuti otsika kutentha akutsatiridwa bwino, kuwira amapha Vibrio cholerae yomweyo. Kuipitsidwa mwina kukhudzana ndi munthu wodwala mwa chakudya kapena madzi. Nthawi makulitsidwe masiku 5.

chibayo

Kutupa kwa mapapu - matenda m'malo kwambiri zimene zingachititse kuti imfa. Kwambiri kubala ana chibayo. Chifukwa angayambitse mavairasi osati. Yankho la funso la mtundu wanji mabakiteriya ndi wothandizila causative matenda, amadziwika kuti: pneumococcus (90%). Komanso imautsa maonekedwe a yotupa njira staphylococci (pafupifupi 5%), ndi Streptococcus spp. Mabakiteriya ili ndime m'mphuno ndi pakhosi.

Zizindikiro ambiri chibayo - malungo, kufupika kwa mpweya, ambiri kuledzera wa chamoyo. Mmodzi wa owopsa ndi chibayo intrauterine. Izo zimachititsa gulu B streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus. Kawirikawiri matenda izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuvutika chimfine ndi. chibayo bakiteriya amaliona ndi mankhwala antibacterial. Zikavuta, monga wamng'ono wodwalayo m'chipatala kuli kofunikira. Monga njira zopewera ntchito katemera kulimbikitsa yoyamwitsa mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (yekha mkaka). M'pofunikanso kutsatira ukhondo ndi oyera mpweya m'nyumba.

chlamydia

Izo atangomwalira akhazikitsidwa zokhudza mabakiteriya mauka. Kodi matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo a mitundu? Choyamba, angathe kuyambitsa conjunctivitis, diso, matenda urogenital, trachoma. A wapadera mauka amachititsa chibayo ndi, matenda pachimake kupuma. Kamodzi selo makamu, tizilombo kuyamba kugawa. The mkombero lonse limatenga 72 maola, chifukwa maselo zowonongeka kuwonongedwa. Makamaka oopsa Zinthu matenda akazi. Iyo imayimba mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe osabereka. Ngati panali matenda ndi chlamydia mwana wosabadwayo, pali Mwina mkulu wa imfa. N'chifukwa chake m'pofunika kupita kafukufuku pamaso akukonzekera kukhala ndi pakati, monga amachita zoterezi matenda amapezeka bezsimptomno.

matenda chiwewe ndi zina

Nthawi zambiri, Amateurs akudabwa kapena mabakiteriya - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mphere. Izi si choncho. matenda, mphere, kumapangitsa mite, amene anakumana ndi khungu akuyamba mofulumira kuchulukitsa, kuchititsa kuyabwa. Ndipo apa pali vuto la matenda - pyoderma, mwachitsanzo purulent chotupa a khungu - zingachititse mabakiteriya cocci gulu. Monga mankhwala ntchito mafuta wapadera, ndipo mankhwala zovala ndi nsalu.

Mwamsanga funso la chimene mabakiteriya ndi wothandizila causative a chiwindi B? Ambiri, chiwindi - dzina generic matenda yotupa chiwindi. Mavairasi amayambitsa iwo advantageously. Komabe, pali toyambitsa matenda a chiwindi (ndi leptospirosis kapena chindoko). Leptospira, Treponema - mabakiteriya awa ndi wothandizila causative a chiwindi.

matenda ena aakulu - malungo. matenda imafalikira anthu kudzera kulumidwa ndi tizilombo (malungo udzudzu). Iwo limodzi ndi malungo, kuchuluka kukula chiwindi (ndipo mwina ndulu), mkulu kutentha. Ngati nthawi sayamba mankhwala oyenera, kungachititse kuti imfa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - mabakiteriya mtundu Plasmodium malungo. Pakali pano, pali mitundu 4 tizilombo. Amene owopsa zomwe zingachititse malungo tropica. Monga mukuonera, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe ndi mavuto aakulu ndipo amafuna thandizo la mankhwala.