Arsenic okusayidi: kukonzekera ndi katundu

Chonchi nthawi mchitidwe tebulo, monga Arsenic, izo ali ndi malo pa zitsulo - nonmetal. Ndi ntchito yawo ndi pakati hydrogen ndi mkuwa. Non-zachitsulo chikhalidwe akuwonetseredwa mu choona kuti akhoza kuchita mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni -3 (phulusa ₃ - arsine). Mankhwala ndi zabwino makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma +3 ndi katundu amphoteric, ndi mlingo wa +5 kumawonetsera katundu acidic. Kodi Arsenic okusayidi?

Oxides ndi hydroxides

Zotsatirazi oxides Arsenic: Monga ₂ O ₃ Monga ₂ O _5. Palinso hydroxides lolingana:

• Metamyshyakovistaya asidi HAsO _2.
• Ortomyshyakovistaya asidi H ₃ AsO _3.
• Metamyshyakovaya asidi HAsO _3.
• Ortomyshyakovaya asidi H ₃ AsO _4.
• Piromyshyakovaya asidi H ₂ Monga ₄ O _7.

Kodi Arsenic trioxide?

Arsenic okusayidi ndipamene awiri amene Monga ₂ O ₃ ali dzina trioxide. mankhwala, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala, koma si vuto lililonse mankhwala. Izi pawiri zochita kupanga ndilo lalikulu gwero organoarsenicheskih mankhwala (mankhwala okhala ndi mpweya chomangira c) ndi ena ambiri. ntchito zambiri Monga ₂ O ₃ maganizo chifukwa cha chikhalidwe poizoni wa mchitidwe wa. Trade dzina pawiri izi Trisenox.

General zokhudza trioxide

Mankhwala opangidwa trioxide Arsenic ali mawonekedwe zotsatirazi Monga ₂ O _3. Kulemera maselo pawiri ndi 197,841 g / mol. Pali njira zambiri kupeza okusayidi izi. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Kukuwotcha miyala sulphide. The mankhwala anachita ili:

2As ₂ O ₃ + 9O ₂ → 2As ₂ O ₃ + 6SO ₂

Ambiri oxides akhoza analandira monga chochokera kwa processing wa ores ena. Arsenopyrite ndi wodetsedwa wamba mu golide, mkuwa, ndipo akumasula Arsenic trioxide, pamene usavutike pamaso pa mpweya. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti poyizoni kwambiri.

Kapangidwe ka trioxide Arsenic

Arsenic trioxide ali chilinganizo Monga ₄ O ₆ mbali madzi ndi mpweya (m'munsimu 800 ° C). Mu mbali iyi, ndi isostructural ndi fosforovym trioxide (P ₄ O _6). Komabe, pa kutentha pamwamba 800 ° C Monga ₄ O ₆ n'kugwa kwa maselo Monga ₂ O _3. Mu gawo ili ndi isostructural ndi diizotrona trioxide (N ₂ O _3). Uliri olimba, pawiri, zimatitsimikiziranso polymorph luso (mphamvu kukhalapo m'njira ziwiri kapena zambiri dongosolo galasi).

Katundu wa trioxide Arsenic

Ena mwa katundu yaikulu ya Arsenic trioxide ali motere:

• trioxide njira kupanga asidi ofooka ndi madzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pawiri amphoteric ndi okusayidi antimony.
• Ndi sungunuka njira zamchere ndipo amapereka arsenate.
• Arsenic trioxide ali solubility mkulu acid amathiridwa (HCl), ndipo potsiriza amapereka nsanganizo Arsenic trichloride ndi acid.
• Kamakupatsani pentoxide (Monga ₂ O ₅₎ pamaso pa oxidants amphamvu monga hydrogen peroxide, ozoni ndi asidi nitric.
• Iye ali pafupifupi insoluble mankhwala ndiponso.
• Ikukhala ngati woyera olimba mu chikhalidwe yachibadwa thupi.
• Iwo ali limatsogolera mfundo za 312,2 ° C ndi kuwira mfundo za 465 ° C.
• osalimba a nkhaniyi ndi 4,15 g / masentimita ^3.

Ntchito Arsenic trioxide mankhwala

mankhwala Ichi ndi gulu la wothandizira antineoplastic, ndipo ntchito pa matenda a khansa. Arsenic kawopsedwe ziri zodziwika bwino. Komabe, Arsenic trioxide ndi mankhwala amphamvu mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza mitundu ina ya khansa kwa zaka zambiri. Yankho ntchito mankhwala amatchedwa njira Fowler. Mu 1878 godu Boston City Hospital inanena kuti njira kungathandize kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha leukocytes anthu.

Chifukwa cha ₂ O ₃ zimagwiritsa ntchito zochizira khansa, bola mpaka m'malo radiotherapy. Koma pambuyo 1930s, ndi pang'onopang'ono anapezanso kutchuka kwake pa matenda a khansa, malingana ngati panali mankhwala amphamvu amakono. okusayidi Izi Arsenic imatengedwa njira yabwino koposa ya chithandizo cha matenda myelogenous khansa. Ngakhale lero mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza mtundu winawake wa pachimake promyelocytic khansa ndi retinoid kanthu kapena anthracycline mankhwala amphamvu. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofuna kuchiza aakulu myeloid khansa, myeloma angapo, pachimake myeloid khansa, lymphoma, khansa ya dongosolo lymphatic.

kugwiritsa trioxide

Arsenic trioxide chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga galasi colorless. pawiri Iyi ndi zothandiza zamagetsi kumanga semiconductors ndi ena kasakaniza wazitsulo. Izo ntchito mu utoto. Arsenic trioxide zingakhale zothandiza pa matenda a zotupa ubongo.

M'mbuyomu, mankhwala ntchito mano, koma chifukwa ndi pawiri kwambiri poizoni, ntchito mano yamakono atalekeka. Arsenic okusayidi (Monga ₂ O chilinganizo ₃₎ amagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga usawonongeke nkhuni, koma zomangira n'koletsedwa m'madera ambiri a dziko. Mothandizana ndi nthochi Arsenic trioxide mkuwa amapereka yowala pigment wobiriwira.

mankhwala kwambiri poizoni

Trioxide iyoyomwe mkulu mlingo wa kawopsedwe. Choncho, muyenera nthawi zonse kutenga njira zofunika patsogolo ntchito. Izo zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri milandu zotsatirazi:

• Chakudya. Ngati Monga ₂ O _3, mwangozi limalowera mu kapepala kakuti m'mimba, muyenera yomweyo dokotala. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kuyesa kupangira kusanza pamaso kufunafuna kuchipatala. M'pofunika kuchotsa zovala aliyense zolimba, vula tayi wake, unbutton kolala, lamba ndi zina zotero. D.
• Lumikizanani ndi khungu. Mu nkhani ya kukhudzana ndi pamwamba iliyonse ya thupi ayenera yomweyo kusambitsa zinkakhala m'dera ndi madzi ambiri. zovala zakhudzana ndi nsapato ayenera kuchotsedwa yomweyo, ndipo tiyenera kutsukidwa pamaso zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Ngati khungu aakulu kukhudzana, muyenera yomweyo kuchipatala. Zikhonza kukhala zothandiza kwa masaka kutsuka m'dera kachilombo ndi sopo ndi antibacterial kirimu ntchito.
• Diso kukhudzana. Ngati Monga ₂ O ₃ amabwera mu kukhudzana ndi maso, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndicho kuchotsa magalasi aliyense kukhudzana ndi diso wosambitsa ndi madzi kwa mphindi 15. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira. Likufanana ndi ichi, munthu ayenera itanani ambulansi.
• Inhalation. Anthu amene anapumanso mpweyawu adzaikidwe mu malo osiyana ndi mpweya wabwino. Komanso, muyenera yomweyo kuchipatala. Ngati movutikira, mpweya ayenera yomweyo kutumikiridwa. Ngati wovulalayo akulephera kupuma awo, muyenera kupereka kupuma yokumba.
• pawiri zimenezi zotsatira poizoni pa anthu. Mu nkhani ya ingestion wa yambiri Arsenic trioxide, izo zikhoza kuyambitsa imfa. magalasi oteteza ndi magolovesi inayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene akugwira Monga ₂ O _3. Ntchito nthawi zonse ikuchitika mu malo bwino mpweya wokwanira.

zotsatira zoyipazi

Zotsatira Common mbali ya mankhwala monga zizindikiro monga:

• kusafuna chakudya;
• kusanza;
• nseru;
• ululu m'mimba;
• kudzimbidwa;
• mutu;
• kutopa;
• chizungulire;
• malungo;
• kuvutika kupuma;
• mkulu mlingo wa leukocytes;
• mkulu shuga;
• ziwengo.

Pasanathe zotsatira wamba mbali monga:

• youma pakamwa;
• losemphana kupuma;
• ululu pachifuwa;
• pamlingo wochepa wa leucocytes;
• minofu ndi mafupa kuwawa;
• kutupa kwa nkhope ndi maso;
• m'mimba;
• kugwedeza;
• otsika shuga;
• misinkhu Low mpweya magazi.

Zotsatira osowa mbali ya ₂ O _3:

• osasamba kugunda (amene angathe kuyambitsa imfa);
• kunenepa;
• kukomoka;
• Kusapezeka kupanda tsankho;
• chikomokere;
• kutupa mimba;
• kunachita mdima wa khungu.

Moyo pachiswe zizindikiro kukhudzana ndi Arsenic trioxide - ndi kunenepa kwambiri, malungo, amavutika kupuma, kufupika kwa mpweya, kupweteka m'chifuwa, chifuwa.

Arsenic trioxide ndi chinthu kwambiri poizoni, amene angathe kuyambitsa imfa ya moyo. Komabe, izo ziyenera kukhala zothandiza a zachipatala. Tiyenera kusamalitsa.

zochita mankhwala

Arsenic trioxide ndi amphoteric oxides apamwamba a Arsenic ndi njira zake amadzimadzi ali ofooka acidic. Choncho mosavuta sungunuka njira zamchere kupeza arsenates. Ndi zochepa sungunuka zidulo, kupatula hydrochloric.

Only ndi oxidants amphamvu monga ozoni, hydrogen peroxide ndi asidi nitric, izo aumbike mwa Arsenic penta-okusayidi ndi digiri ya acidity wa 5 ₂ O _5. Ponena makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana, Arsenic trioxide isiyana phosphorous trioxide, amene mosavuta anapsa phosphorous pentoxide. Kuchepetsa amapereka elemental Arsenic kapena arsine (phulusa _3).

Arsenic pentoxide

Chemical chilinganizo pentoxide ndi Monga ₂ O _5. misa molar cha 229.8402 g / mol. Ndi woyera hygroscopic ufa ndi osalimba wa 4,32 g / masentimita ^3. Limatsogolera mfundo ukufika 315 ° C, limene iwo amayamba kuwola ndinso. thunthu ali solubility zabwino mu madzi ndi mowa. Arsenic okusayidi katundu kupanga izo kwambiri poizoni ndi owopsa kwa chilengedwe. Izi pawiri zochita kupanga zomwe ndi zochepa wamba kwambiri poizoni choncho akapeza zochepa zokha ntchito malonda, mosiyana ndi okusayidi apamwamba Arsenic (Monga ₂ O chilinganizo _3).

Arsenic amadziwika kwambiri ngati poizoni ndi carcinogen. trioxide ake - ndi madzi sungunuka ufa, umene umabala colorless, zoipa ndi odorless njira. Iyo inali njira otchuka wa kupha munthu ku Middle Ages. ntchito zake akupitiriza lero, koma zolinga mtendere ndi zedi yaing'ono.