Ndi foni oyamba padziko lonse lapansi mafoni

mauthenga Mobile, amene umagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi lero, ali kale kale chidali chifuniro watsopano. Komabe, bungwe loyamba la zomangamanga a mafoni aya mfundo anatuluka mu m'ma 20. Pa funso, foni yam'manja woyamba, ndipo pamene, ndi wovuta kuyankha mosapita m'mbali mu dziko chimene. Koma ngati inu kuchita zimenezi - kodi mfundo za chitukuko telefoni ntchito mawailesi ayenera kuphunzira Choyamba? Kuchokera pa zimene i anthu kapena chipangizo ena Mugaŵireni kwa matelefoni a m'manja?

Mbiri ya Mobile Kugwirizana kwa Mafoni: Ofunika Mfundo

Kuyankha funso - amene anapanga foni yam'manja choyamba mu dziko, tikhoza woyamba wa zonse yodziwa mbiri ya zipangizo kulankhulana ziwalo.

Ziganizo ndi prototypes zipangizo zolankhulirana, ku mfundo zinchito maganizo, pafupi mafoni, anayamba tikambirana m'madera osiyanasiyana (sayansi, kukonza) m'zaka za m'ma 20. Koma foni leni monga njira kulankhulana zoperekedwa kwa wosuta kumapeto kwa 70s kuphunzira zasayansi Bell Laboratories, amene anali wokwatibwa ndi imodzi yaikulu mabungwe US - AT & T. Mwa maiko oyamba kukhala bwinobwino akuyendera ntchito dongosolo kulankhulana mafoni - Finland. dongosolo kulankhulana pafoni kupangika mwakhama USSR.

Koma kodi boma patsogolo enawo mwa mawu oyamba a mafoni?

Zidzakhala zothandiza kuti akhale zoyambitsidwa Soviet - ubwenzi ndi mfundo za iwo adzatithandiza kumvetsa pamene foni choyamba mu dziko ndi limene dziko.

Kupanga foni: zinachitikira Soviet

Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, lingaliro la chipangizo wapadera, Monophonic, anandiuza Soviet wasayansi Georgi Ilyich Babat. Limeneli liyenera amayenera kukhala kunyamula foni operable mu mode ndi zodziwikiratu. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti izo zikanakhala ntchito osiyanasiyana 1-2 GHz. Mbali yaikulu ya chipangizo bungwe GI Babati, anali kuonetsetsa kufala kwa mau kudzera maukonde kwambiri waveguides wapadera.

Mu 1946, Shapiro ndi I. Zakharchenko wotwaliwa kwa bungwe dongosolo wailesi kulankhulana imene chipangizo kulandira ndi kufalitsa mawu anayenera adzaikidwa mu magalimoto. Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, maziko a zomangamanga kulankhulana pafoni anali kugwira ntchito okwerera m'tauni, wodzilemekeza ndi zipangizo zina zapadera wailesi. The mwachidwi, ntchito foni zapadera monga wolembetsa dzina.

Mu April 1957, Soviet injiniya Leonid Kupriyanovich analenga zinachitika kwa chipangizo kulankhulana - radiotelephone Lk-1. chipangizo Izi zili kanthu utali wozungulira pafupifupi 30 kuchokera ndipo ndi kulemera ndithu - za 3 kg. Athe kugwirizana chifukwa mogwirizana ndi PBX zenizeni zimene ankatha olumikizidwa kwa matelefoni a mumzindawo. Kenako, foni wakhala bwino. Choncho, Li Kupriyanovich kwambiri yafupika kulemera ndi miyeso chipangizo. Kukhoza kusinthidwa a pachikhalidwe anali pafupifupi wofanana ndi mtengo 2 mabokosi ndudu, zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo pa wina ndi mzake. Kulemera radiotelephone anali pafupifupi 500 grammes ndi batire la. Timayembekezera kuti Soviet foni adzakhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chuma cha dziko, kunyumba ndipo nkhani ntchito ndekha kwa nzika zonse.

Radiotelephone Li Kupriyanovich amalola osati kupanga kuyitana komanso kuwatenga - anapereka ntchito manambala munthu, komanso zitheke zomangamanga popereka chizindikiro kwa PBX ku siteshoni telefoni basi, ndi iwo - kale kwa mayunitsi wolembetsa.

Research m'munda wa mauthenga pafoni unachitikira ku mayiko ena zokomera. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1959, ku Bulgaria wasayansi Khristo Bachvarov anayamba foni ofanana mu mfundo zikuluzikulu telefoni Li Kupriyanovich, ndipo okhala izo.

Tinganene kuti foni oyamba padziko lonse lapansi inkayenda anatulukira, kotero mu Soviet Union kapena m'mayiko ena zokomera?

Yosayambitsa kwa kugawa zipangizo kuti mafoni

Choyamba, muyenera kusankha zomwe amati zoona, foni. Malinga ndi tanthauzo wamba, kuonedwa kuti pansi pa chipangizo chimene:

- yaying'ono (munthu akhoza kulinyamula ndi inu);

- ukugwira ntchito limasonyeza wailesi;

- amalola wosuta umodzi kuitana wina ndi nambala yapadera;

- njira ina Integrated ndi Intaneti telefoni basi anatumizanso lamya;

- zilipo kwa anthu (n'zotheka kugwirizana sikutanthauza chilolezo cha anthu kapena akuluakulu ena woyenera, ndi zochepa ndalama ndiponso zogwiritsidwa nchito ya olembetsa).

Mmene zimenezi, foni zonse akadali sichinayambe anatulukira ku Soviet Union. Komabe, i kwa matanthauzo pamwamba sangatengedwe kukhala foni chilengedwe yam'manja. Ndipo ngati muli ndi kuchotsa, makamaka kugula ndi compactness, zina mwina zikugwirizana Soviet dongosolo "Altai". Taganizirani mbali zake mwatsatanetsatane.

Soviet zambiri chitukuko mafoni: dongosolo "Altai"

Kuphunzira funso kodi foni yoyamba padziko lonse, ndi bwino kuphunzira mfundo zazikulu za dongosolo kulankhulana ziwalo. Mu zipangizo olumikizidwa kwa izo, panali mfundo zizindikiro zonse foni, kuwonjezera kupezeka ambiri. dongosolo limeneli:

- zonsezi mfundo kulankhulana wailesi ;

- kuti munthu olembetsa kuitana manambala ena;

- iwo ali mu njira ina Integrated nawo intaneti mzinda.

Koma sizinali kupezeka poyera: woyimba mndandanda ovomerezeka pa mlingo departmental. Dongosolo "Altai" unayambitsidwa mu 60s mu Moscow, ndi '70s wakhala kufalitsidwa mu mizinda oposa 100 wa USSR. Mwakhama ntchito cha m'ma 1980. Games Olympic.

Padali Soviet Union akufuna akonze dongosolo kulankhulana mafoni amene akhoza kugwirizana aliyense. Koma chifukwa zovuta chuma ndi ndale za m'ma mochedwa '80s ntchito pa chitukuko cha lingaliro ili linasiyidwa.

Mu positi-Soviet Russia mfundo Western kulankhulana ma anali akuyendera. Pa nthawi imene iwo ndi kwa nthawi yaitali chimathandiza mgwirizano pakati pa zipangizo kuti angatchedwe zonse kunachitika mafoni. Tiyeni kuphunzira njira imene anakamba mfundo zogwirizana mu West. Izi, kachiwiri, kudzatithandiza kuyankha funso kumene ndi pamene woyamba mu foni dziko yam'manja.

Mbiri ya US mafoni

Monga taonera kale m'nkhani ino, foni zinachitika mafoni adayamba kuwonekera West m'zaka za m'ma 20. Mu 30-40-ntchentche anayamba akuyendera chitukuko chenicheni. Mu 1933, pakati magalimoto apolisi New York angathe kulankhula ntchito mawailesi theka duplex. Mu 1946 ku Missouri , maukonde mafoni wakhala akupangidwa amene olembetsa munthu angathe kulankhula ndi mzake ntchito mawailesi ndi kuyimira kwa woyendetsa lapansi. Mu 1948 mu boma la Indiana zomangamanga unayambitsidwa, kulola wolembetsa imodzi yokha akuitana wina kale mu mode ndi zodziwikiratu.

Tinganene kuti ndi mu United States, motero anatulukira koyamba foni ya dzikoli? Ngati tikambirana mfundo zatchulidwazi kwa kupatsa radiotelephone chipangizo lolingana mtundu - kotero, titero, koma ponena za zinthu kenako American. chakuti mfundo yake ukugwirira ntchito ya American ma Intaneti 40s anali kutali kwambiri ndi zomwe masiku Intaneti yam'manja.

Kachitidwe, monga amene akhala kufalitsidwa mu Missouri ndi Indiana mu 40s wa, sangachite wodalirika pa mafurikwense ndi ngalande. Iwo saloledwa kulumikiza Intaneti m'manja, nambala mokwanira lalikulu olembetsa imodzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli anali akufuna Katswiri D. Bell mphete, amene akufuna kugawanitsa m'dera la wailesi kafalitsidwe mu khungu kapena maselo amene anapanga okwerera wapadera m'munsi zikugwira ntchito pa mafurikwense osiyana. Mfundo imeneyi ambiri anazindikira ndi zamakono ntchito mafoni. D. mapologalamu ya mphete, mu kuchita, lingaliro yagwiridwira mu 1969.

Mbiri ya mauthenga pafoni mu Europe ndi Japan

Mu Ulaya, woyamba dongosolo patelefoni pogwiritsa ntchito mawailesi amayesedwa mu 1951. Mu zaka 60 ntchito mbali iyi imachitika mwachangu Japan. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kutukula Japanese aona kuti mulingo woyenera pafupipafupi kwa kutumizgika zomangamanga mafoni - 400 ndi 900 MHz. Today izi mafurikwense - kuphatikizapo zazikulu, zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ntchito mafoni.

Limodzi la mayiko kutsogolera kukhazikitsa zochitika mu munda wa ntchito ndi Intaneti zonse kunachitika ma anakhala Finland. Mu 1971, Finns anayamba atumiza malonda maukonde ma Kuphunzira m'deralo anafika kukula kwa dziko lonse ndi 1978. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti foni oyamba ku dziko, ntchito mfundo ano, anaonekera mu Finland? Pali ena mfundo mokomera nkhani yolembedwa izi: makamaka, anakhazikitsa kuti zikuchitika Chifinishi kutumiza mauthenga mabungwe yoyenera zomangamanga strany.No lonse malinga ndi mfundo chikhalidwe view, chipangizo oterowo anaonekera koma mu United States. Mbali yaikulu iyi, kachiwiri, ngati tikambirana Baibulo yotchuka ankaimba kuchokera LG.

Lingaliro ma kuchokera LG

Mu 70s oyambirira kunapezeka mpikisano koopsa kwambiri pakati pa utumiki wosamalira komanso zida kulonjezedwa zigawo msika mu United States - m'munda wa kulankhulana ma. The khama lalikulu ndi zitsulo bungweli AT & T ndi LG. Pankhaniyi, kampani woyamba akunena za analamula kachitidwe magalimoto kulankhulana - by njira, monga mabungwe kutumiza mauthenga mu Finland, wachiwiri - pa kukhazikitsa zamakono yaying'ono yomwe chipani chilichonse chidwi akanatha kunyamula.

Anapambana mfundo yachiwiri, pa maziko LG Corporation chiyambi cha analamula ndi zoona, malizitsani kumvetsa yamakono ya maukonde ma ntchito yaying'ono devaysov.Pervy dziko foni pansi pa LG zomangamanga, kachiwiri, malinga ndi njira miyambo wachita monga wolembetsa wagawo mu 1973. Patatha zaka 10 ku US wakhala akuthamanga malonda maukonde zonse zimene angathe kulumikiza ku America wamba.

Taganizirani kuyimilira foni oyamba padziko lonse lapansi inkayenda anatulukira, malinga ndi zimene anthu ambiri, okonza American ku LG.

Choyamba foni: Features

Ndi za devayse LG DynaTAC. Ankamvetsera za 1,15 makilogalamu. miyeso yake ndi 12,5 × 22,5 × 3,75 cm. Ndi anakonza makiyi nambala kuimba, komanso awiri mabatani wapadera kutumiza kuitanako, ndi kuitana kuthetsedwa. The chipangizo inali ndi batire, ndi chimene chingalowe ntchito ndi mode kuitana kuyembekezera, dongosolo la maola 8 ndipo kukambirana - 1 hr. Batiri ya foni selo loyamba anali kukhala maola oposa 10.

первый в мире мобильный телефон? Kodi woyamba foni ya dzikoli? chipangizo chithunzi - pansipa.

Zotsatira za olimba LG ali anamasulidwa angapo Mabaibulo akweza chipangizo. Ngati ife kulankhula za LG maukonde malonda - pa foni yoyamba padziko lonse anapangidwira kwa zomangamanga zogwirizana mu 1983.

Tikuyankhula zokhudza chipangizo LG DynaTAC 8000X. Limeneli liyenera ankalemera 800 magalamu ndi miyeso yake mofanana ndi Baibulo loyamba chipangizo. Ndi kudziwa kuti yokumbukira kusunga manambala kuitana 30.

Amene anatulukira foni woyamba m'manja?

Kotero, ife kuyankha funso chathu chachikulu - amene anapanga woyamba foni dziko. Mbiri ya chitukuko telefoni pogwiritsa ntchito wailesi ananena kuti chipangizo choyamba kwambiri kuti amadziwa zogwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti matelefoni a m'manja, masiku ano, kupangidwa ndi LG mu United States ndi akulionetsera dziko lapansi mu 1973.

Komabe, cholakwika adzanena kuti bungweli ali anayambitsa chitukuko wachibadidwe latsopano. mafoni - m'njira yakuti iwo anali mawailesi ndi amapereka kugwirizana pakati olembetsa ndi nambala yapadera - ndi nthawi ntchito mu Soviet Union, Europe ndi Japan. Ngati ife kulankhula za foni oyamba padziko lonse lapansi inkayenda malonda - kampaniyo, izo zachitika, anapezerapo lolingana ntchito mu 1983, pasanafike, makamaka ntchito imeneyi zakhala akuyendera Finland.

Choncho, bungwe LG moyenerera ankamuona ngati woyamba, omwe anapereka foni m'njira zamakono - makamaka opaleshoni mfundo za kufalitsidwa okwerera m'munsi maselo, komanso kukhala ndi mtundu yaying'ono. Choncho, ngati ife kulankhula za komwe anatulukira koyamba foni dziko, dziko limene - monga kunyamula, chipangizo yaying'ono kuti ali mbali ya ma zomangamanga aya, zingakhale zomveka kudziwa zimene amanena deta anali United States.

Komabe, Dziwani kuti dongosolo Soviet "Altai" ntchito bwino ndipo popanda kukhazikitsa luso American-kalembedwe. Choncho, akatswiri ku Soviet Union wachibadidwe kutsimikiziridwa mphamvu atumiza zomangamanga m'manja mwa dziko Ndipotu lonse, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za kufalitsidwa kwa okwerera m'munsi pa zisa a.

N'zotheka kuti popanda mavuto azachuma ndi andale a 80s USSR akanati anayambitsa Intaneti awo m'manja opaleshoni chifukwa cha mfundo za njira American, ndipo iwo sadafuna ntchito poipa. Komabe, popeza - Today mfundo kulankhulana ma Russia mu ntchito, zomwe zakonzedwa ndi West, kutsatsa malonda ndi woyamba foni dziko.

Dziwani kuti "Altai" dongosolo kwenikweni ntchito mpaka 2011. Choncho, Soviet zomangamanga zikayenda bwino kwa nthawi yaitali chomveka ndi kungasonyeze kuti akhale ndi patsogolo zofunika, akhoza kupikisana ndi mfundo yachilendo ya kumanga zomangamanga ya m'manja.

chidule

Choncho, amene anatulukira koyamba foni ya dzikoli? Lalifupi yankho la funso limeneli ndi kovuta. Ngati foni kuzindikira yaying'ono wolembetsa mawailesi, Integrated ndi intaneti m'tauni, ukugwirira ntchito mfundo ya foni ndi kupezeka kwa aliyense, n'kutheka kuti nthawi yoyamba, zomangamanga imeneyi unayamba ndi kampani US LG.

сотовых сетях — то таковые, вероятно, в масштабе всего государства были внедрены в Финляндии, однако с применением устройств, ориентированных на размещение в автомобилях. Ngati ife kulankhula za maukonde woyamba malonda ma - iwo ndi ayenera kudutsa dzikoli akhala koyamba Finland, koma ndi ntchito zipangizo umalimbana kuyika mu magalimoto. Osapindulitsa chatsekedwa Intaneti m'manja bwinobwino zinachitika ndi zoona, mtundu wonsewo mu USSR.