Albert Schweitzer: yonena, mabuku, makoti

Apadera zaumunthu, katswiri wa nzeru ndi dokotala Albert Shveytser moyo wake wonse chitsanzo cha utumiki anthu. Iye anali mosalekeza umunthu, chinkhoswe mu nyimbo, sayansi, zamulungu. yonena wake ndi bwino zoona chidwi ndi zolemba mabuku Schweitzer zothandiza ndi aphoristic.

moyo oyambirira ndi banja

Albert Schweitzer anabadwa mu banja la chipembedzo January 14, 1875. bambo ake anali m'busa, amake - wamkazi abusa. Kuyambira ali wakhanda, Albert anapita ku utumiki mu mpingo wa Lutera ndi chikondi moyo wonse kuphweka kwa miyambo ya nthambi izi wa Chikhristu. Banja ndi ana anayi, Albert wachiwiri mu mzere ndi mwana ndi mwana wamkulu. ubwana wake anakhalitsa m'tauni yaing'ono Gyunsbahe. Mu Maulendo Ake, inali nthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Pa zaka 6 anatumizidwa ku sukulu, ndipo sitingathe kunena kuti anali osangalala iye. Mu sukulu, anaphunzira ayi, chifukwa bwino zazikulu zimene adakwaniritsa mwaife nyimbo. Banja wakhala nkhani zambiri pa nkhani zachipembedzo, atate wake ankauza ana nkhani ya Chikhristu, Lamlungu lililonse, Albert anapita ku moyo wa bambo ake. Ndili wamng'ono anali ndi mafunso ambiri za akamanena za chipembedzo.

banja Albert anali kwambiri opembedza komanso nyimbo miyambo. agogo ake sanali m'busa yekha, komanso ankaimba limba, anaikira zida zoimbira. Schweitzer udzayesedwa kudziwika wachibale kenako nzeru za J.-P. Sartre.

mapangidwe

Albert m'malo ndi masukulu angapo mpaka ku sekondale mu Mühlhausen komwe anakapeza "awo" mphunzitsi, iye anatha kuuzira mnyamata kuti maphunziro aakulu. Ndipo mu miyezi ingapo Schweitzer ophunzira lotsiriza la loyamba. Zaka Iye ndi akuphunzira sekondale anapitiriza mwadongosolo kuphunzira nyimbo kuyang'aniridwa wa azakhali amene wakhala ndi moyo. Iye anayamba kuwerenga kwambiri, kuti chilakolako wakhala naye moyo wake.

Mu 1893, pambuyo sukulu ku sekondale, Schweitzer akulowa University of Strasbourg, yemwe anaona heyday. Apa, ambiri asayansi wamng'ono maphunziro oyembekezera. Albert amapita mwachindunji ku zochitachita awiri: zamulungu ndipo nzeru zaumunthu, komanso kupezeka mu chiphunzitso nyimbo. Schweitzer kuzibweza maphunziro, maphunziro anafunikira. Pofuna kuchepetsa nthawi ya phunziro, iye anapita mongodzipereka asilikali, kuti anapatsa mpata digiri mu nthawi yaifupi.

Mu chaka cha 1898, Albert maphunziro anga ku yunivesite, iye kwakukuru Mwapambana mayeso amene analandira maphunziro apadera kwa nyengo ya zaka 6. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye afunika kuteteza ndi nkhani yolembedwa kapena adzayenera kubwereranso ndalama. Iye akuyamba ndi kumulakalaka kuphunzira nzeru Kant a ku yunivesite ya Paris Sorbonne ndi chaka analandiranso digiri wake, akulemba ntchito waluntha. Chaka chotsatira iye kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa wake nzeru za anthu, ndipo kenaka analandira udindo wa licentiate mu zamulungu.

Njira mbali zitatu

Pambuyo kupeza digiri pamaso Schweitzer mwayi kwambiri mu sayansi ndi kuphunzitsa. Koma Albert amatenga zochita mosayembekezereka. Iye anakhala mbusa. Mu 1901 anafalitsa buku loyamba zamulungu Schweitzer: zokhudza moyo wa Yesu, ntchito ya MGONERO.

Mu 1903, Albert analandira udindo wa pulofesa wa maphunziro pa College of St. Thomas, patapita chaka anakhala mkulu wa bungwe la. Imodzi, Schweitzer akupitiriza kuchita kafukufuku wa sayansi ndipo kukhala katswiri lalikulu J. Bach. Koma Albert pa ntchito imeneyi wosangalatsa anapitiriza kuganizira zomwe sizinachitike cholinga chake. Ngakhale ali ndi zaka 21, analumbira kuti mpaka zaka 30, adzakhala chinkhoswe mu zamulungu, music, sayansi, kenako amayamba kutumikira anthu. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti zonze m'moyo adalandira zofuna kubwerera ku dziko.

mankhwala

Mu 1905, Albert anali kuwerenga m'nyuzipepala zoti Africa ali osowa madokotala, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anatenga kusankha chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake. Iye akuchoka ntchito pa koleji ndi kulowa College of Medicine, University of Strasbourg. Kulipira tuition, anali kugwira amapereka zoimbaimba limba. Choncho Albert Schweitzer, amene yonena zikusintha kwambiri, imayamba wake "utumiki anthu." Mu 1911 anamaliza koleji ndi kupita ku moyo wake watsopano.

Ndi moyo wabwino wa anthu ena

Mu 1913 Albert Schweitzer anapita ku Africa kwa gulu la chipatala. Akanatha kochepa kulenga ya utumwi kuti anapereka mmishonale bungwe. Schweitzer amayenera kutenga ngongole kuti tipeze osachepera akonzedwa osachepera zida zina zofunika. Kufunika kwa chithandizo mu Lambarene anali chachikulu, kwa zaka zingapo choyamba, Albert analandira odwala 2000.

Mu 1917, pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, Schweitzer anatumiza monga nzika ya Germany, msasa French. Ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo anali ndi zaka 7 anakakamizika kukhala mu Europe. Anagwira ntchito kuchipatala Strasbourg, kulipira ngongole ntchito ndi kutolera ndalama za resumption ntchito Africa, kupereka chiwalo zoimbaimba.

Mu 1924, iye anali wokhoza kubwerera Lambaréné, anapeza bwinja la kuchipatala m'malo. Ine kuyamba onse kachiwiri. Pang'onopang'ono khama Schweitzer kuchipatala zovuta wakhala mudzi wonse wa nyumba 70. Albert anayesa kupambana chidaliro mwa anthuwa, kotero zovuta kuchipatala inamangidwa mogwirizana ndi mfundo za m'madera. Nthawi ntchito m'chipatala Schweitzer anayenera Njira ndi nthawi European, imene lectured, anapereka zoimbaimba ndipo anakweza ndalama.

Mu 1959 iye anathetsa kalekale mu Lambaréné, izo nditadzipatula kwa amwendamnjira ndi odzipereka. Schweitzer moyo wautali ndipo anamwalira ali ndi zaka 90 ku Africa. Mfundo ya moyo wake, kuchipatala, anadutsa mwana wake wamkazi.

nzeru

Pa First World nkhondo ndi Schweitzer Anayamba kuganiza za maziko zimene zikuyenela wa moyo. Pang'onopang'ono, zaka zingapo, iye formulates nthanthi yake lingaliro. Ethics zachokera kufunika apamwamba ndi chilungamo, ndi pa maziko a chilengedwe chonse, malinga ndi Albert Schweitzer. "Culture ndi Ethics" - ntchito imene nzeru zapamwamba limafotokoza luntha lake lenileni la mawu a dongosolo la dziko. Iye akukhulupirira kuti dziko lotengeka ndi patsogolo koyenela kuti anthu akufunikira kukana kugonjera ndi makhalidwe oipa "kutsitsimutsa" anthu oona "Ine", njira yokha kuthana ndi mavuto, imene lamakonoli. Schweitzer, munthu kwambiri achipembedzo, sikanamutsutse aliyense, koma chisoni ndipo anayesa kuthandiza.

Books A. Schweitzer

Pa moyo wake, Albert Schweitzer analemba mabuku ambiri. Ena mwa iwo ndi ntchito nyimbo chiphunzitso, maphunziro, chikhalidwe, Anthropology. ntchito zambiri zoyenera za yabwino ya moyo wa munthu. Iye anaona mu kukana nkhondo ndi kumanga anthu pa kutsatira mfundo zabwino za mogwirizana anthu.

Mfundo yaikulu yomwe ananena Albert Schweitzer. "Mumalemekeza Moyo" Zopanda anafotokozedwa koyamba m'buku lakuti "Culture ndi Ethics" ndipo kenako ankafotokoza mobwerezabwereza ntchito zina. Iwo kwagona munthu ayenera kuyesetsa kudziona kusintha ndi kudzimana, komanso kukumana ndi "nkhawa zonse udindo." nzeru za anakhala chitsanzo chapadera cha moyo mogwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi. Pa moyo wake Schweitzer analemba zoposa 30 ntchito ndi nkhani zambiri ndi nkhani. Tsopano amadziwika kuti ambiri a ntchito zake monga:

• "Philosophy wa Culture" m'madera 2;
• "Christianity and World Religions";
• "Religion mu Culture Contemporary"
• "Mtendere pa dziko lapansi lero."

maulemu

Zaumunthu Albert Schweitzer, amene mabuku amaona chitsanzo cha "chikhalidwe cha tsogolo", osati kamodzi walandira mphoto zambiri ndi mphatso, zomwe nthawi zonse ntchito pa zabwino za chipatala ndi anthu African. Koma chofunika kwambiri mphoto yake ndi Nobel Peace Prize, amene analandira mu 1953. Iye analola kuti iye kusiya kufunafuna ndalama ndi cholinga pa chisamaliro cha odwala Africa. The mphoto anamanganso ankachitira odwala Gabon khate zaka zambiri. M'mawu ake pa Nobel Prize awarding Schweitzer anaitanitsa anthu kuti asiye nkhondo, kusiya zida za nyukiliya ndi kuganizira kupeza munthu.

Anaphunzitsa ndi zolemba

Albert Schweitzer, zolemba ndi mawu amene alipo koyenela pulogalamu, kwambiri yoganizira za mapeto a munthu ndi momwe kuti dziko bwino. Iye anati: "Kudziwa ndi zimene sizikuyenda bwino, ndi kukhulupirira - zidzakhala bwino." Zimenezi zinamuthandiza kuti zilili. Iye anakhulupirira kuti "chitsanzo - izi ndi njira yokhayo mtima," ndipo moyo wake kutsimikizira anthu za kufunika kwa kukhala wachifundo ndi udindo.

moyo

Albert Schweitzer anali losangalala. Ndi mkazi wake anakumana mu 1903. Iye anadzakhala mnzake wokhulupirika wa mwamuna wake mwa utumiki wake kwa anthu. Elena maphunziro maphunziro unamwino ntchito ndi Schweitzer kuchipatala. Banjalo mwana, Rena, amene anapitiriza ntchito ya makolo.