Index Economic Analysis Njira: kudziŵa ntchito chitsanzo

Mu kusanthula boma chuma chinthu ntchito zosiyanasiyana njira ndi njira. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ziyenera mwatsatanetsatane za zinthu zofunika kwambiri kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha ulimi, kapena ngakhale dongosolo lonse yosamalira dziko. index njira ndi imodzi mwa njira ambiri mu phunziro mawunikidwe. Ntchito zizindikiro wachibale limasonyeza zizoloŵezi zimenezo, amene sakhoza anatsimikiza mfundo mtheradi. Bwino mumakumbukira nthawi za mmene ntchito zachuma komanso ya malo pa mlingo uliwonse, muyenera kukhala bwino ndi mfundo za njira zosonyezera.

Lingaliro la index ndi

Kumvetsa mmene kuchita zachuma index njira, kusanthula chinthu, muyenera kukhala bwino ndi chofunikira waukulu. Njira imeneyi akugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa ntchito. Iwo zolozera. Iwo akuyimira chizindikiro wachibale. index njira limakupatsani kuyerekeza zinthu anthuwo wa chodabwitsa wamba.

index limapereka amayesa kusintha nkhani maphunziro mlingo poyerekeza ndi anakonza ukulu wake, ndipo ake kulemera zotsatira okwana. A mawerengedwe ofanana limasonyeza kudalira ndi maulalo pakati njira mosalekeza.

The njira zosonyezera kusanthula chuma mothandizidwa ndi dongosolo lonse zizindikiro wachibale umathandiza katswiri kuwunika zimene zikuchitika pa chinthu kuphunzira chodabwitsa pa magawo onse a kayendetsedwe ka chuma cha bungwe.

mitundu ya zolozera

Pali zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana gulu. Losavuta awa ndi gulu la ntchito wachibale wa mseri (wamba) ndi ambiri (mawunikidwe). The njira index amagwiritsa njira onse.

Pakuti njira kafukufuku choyamba amakhala ndi ntchito chithunzi chomwecho, popanda Khadili ubwenzi wake ndi zotsatira zina za bungwe. kusintha ake mopitirira yekha mu nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, kampani phindu udachita kumapeto kwa nyengo malipoti, poyerekeza ndi mtengo wake womwewo wopita kapena chaka chatha.

Pakuti gulu lachiwiri la zolozera kufufuza watenga awiri khalidwe osiyana. Izi ndi zofunika kuti aone kulemera mayeso chizindikiro kusintha zotsatira wonse. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito index njira wamba angayerekezedwe zinthu anthuwo, monga kukula kwa likulu kampani ntchito ndi phindu lake. Ichi chizathandiza zachuma kudziwa kudalira wa chifukwa cha zinthu zimene zimakhudza iye. Mwachitsanzo, mmene ntchito likulu kampani ofunika kuthera kutulutsa malonda kupanga phindu kumapeto kwa nyengo ya malipoti.

Private ndi wamba zizindikiro mu njira zosonyezera amalola kuchita kuwunika bwino.

ntchito Angazigwiritse

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira index chuma titsatire zingapo zofunika kuchita.

Choyamba, njira imeneyi amatilola amati kusintha wachibale chodabwitsa pansi kufufuza, kapena zizindikiro. Kachiwiri, njira limachititsa kudziwa mlingo wa chikoka Chinthu pa zotsatira chomaliza cha khalidwe ambiri. Ndipo chachitatu, pofufuza kusintha mu dongosolo la zachuma zochitika nkhani mphamvu amadza chifukwa cha wina mchitidwe dongosolo pa kusintha ake padziko lonse.

Economist ayenera kukumbukira kuti pochita Khadili chinthu ntchito, m'pofunika kuti malipiro mfundo yekha zofanana. Aliyense chigawo nawo mu phunziroli, kutengedwera mu mayunitsi zofanana Mwachitsanzo, rubles, matani, ndi zidutswa m. D.

Lembani magawo anaphunzira

Bwino kumanga kachitidwe, njira zosonyezera kusanthula zachuma imalongosola mitundu iwiri ya makhalidwe abwino. Izi zikhoza kukhala kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe zizindikiro.

Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo buku akalozera. Iwo anaŵerengera kuti ndi kachulukidwe mu chirengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa chuma, malonda, kupanga chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito, zida, ndi zina zotero. D. Mkhalidwe akalozera ndi mtengo zizindikiro, malipilo, mitengo ya zinthu, zipatso kapena zokolola.

mbali zonse za dongosolo nthawi yomweyo ayenera kukhala wodalirika komanso ndi Ndalama.

Mawerengedwe a njira zosonyezera mwina kulakwitsa, kukula kwa amene anatsimikiza ndi nambala ya malo decimal, ndipo chiwerengero cha zinthu.

Malamulo a zomangamanga index

Malinga mtundu wa magawo kuphunzira, njira index za kuwunika amagwiritsa njira ziwiri kumanga dongosolo.

Kumanga zizindikiro khalidwe (mtengo, zokolola, zokolola ndi zina zotero. D.) amakhala ndi poyerekeza ndi phindu pa nthawi.

Pamene kumanga ka zizindikiro buku poyerekeza amapezeka ndi kuchepa kwa nthawi kutchulidwa. Izi ndi zofunika kupeza bwino mawerengedwe chifukwa.

kuimilidwa zimenezi si chofunika milandu onse. Izi zidalira pa ntchito yeniyeni imene mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira index. Features kafukufuku Mulimonsemo kumwedwa mu posankha kuwunika.

kusanthula chinthu

The njira index a kusanthula Chinthu ntchito zizindikiro wachibale kuwunika kukhazikitsa dongosolo, kufanizira okhudza malo ndi mphamvu.

Kachitidwe mawerengedwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zolozera kungakhale akaphatikiza, ndi masamu ndi amgwirizano.

Mbali yoyamba, index ndi akuti ndi mawonekedwe waukulu mawonekedwe onse. Akaphatikiza index zikhoza kusinthidwa mu zikutanthauza amgwirizano, kapena pafupifupi masamu. Ndi maziko, zimene inamangidwa ndi masekeli chizindikiro osanjidwa ndi zedi zonse kugwirizana index.

The njira zosonyezera kusanthula chinthu amalola kuti kuwerengetsera nthawi zingapo. kuwerengetsera Basic amati akuyerekeza chotsatira wotsatira ku chimodzimodzi phindu onse pachiyambi. Unyolo njira ntchito kuyerekeza zimene zimasinthasintha m'munsi.

Features wa zolozera munthu

Index njira, khama limene ikukhudza ntchito ya mawerengedwe a makhalidwe wachibale, allocates zinthu zitatu:

• magawo anaphunzira - kukula, amene amasankha bwino pakati index ya;
• kufanizitsa kwa mlingo - ndi nthawi, amene chosangalatsa winayo;
• m'munsi chithunzi - ndi nthawi zimene poyerekeza wapangidwa.

akalozera ndi chimaonetsera chiŵerengero, pamene poyerekeza m'munsi Angafanane ndi. Ngati kumene mawerengedwe ikupezeka unatenga 100%, chifukwa analandira mu peresenti. Childs zizindikiro zili mtundu china. molondola ndi mwachindunji kwa yachitatu decimal (0.001). Koma pali njira zimene n'kofunika kuganizira zizindikiro zolondola, mwachitsanzo, mpaka otchulidwa 7. Mu mawonekedwe a chidwi ambiri akusonyeza kuchuluka kwa mpaka chakhumi peresenti ndi (0.1%).

Features akalozera wamba

akatswiri ambiri kuphunzira njira ndi zochitika zigwirizana ambiri zinthu. index njira akhoza kutenga kuwerengera zinthu homogeneous. Mu nkhani iyi, koefishienti zagona ndi kuwerengera kusintha gulu zinthu. Imeneyi index. Mwachitsanzo, mungathe kuwonjezera chiwerengero anagulitsa katundu yemweyo kuti mpikisano onse, ndi kuwerengera index wonse wa zolowa mu makampani.

Koma pa nkhani ya kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la zinthu sakanikira, iwo ayenera kuloŵa mawonekedwe ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, magulu osiyana a katundu ndi phindu m'kukoma mayunitsi ndalama. Ndi awo ndipo akhoza mwachidule.

Pankhaniyi, mtengo wa kusintha ndi chifukwa kusintha ambiri mu zinthu ziwiri kumamukopa - kuchuluka ndi mtengo. Phunziro ayenera ayesedwa aliyense wa padera. Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chikoka pa mtengo wa mtengo index yatsala mu chikhalidwe chomwecho pa chiyambi cha nthawi ya maumboni, ndipo zimalemera pa chabe kusanthula chinthu choyamba.

Mwachitsanzo mawerengedwe

Onse mankhwala buku chiŵerengero kuchita masamu ndi njira zosonyezera. Zitsanzo za kuwerengetsera anapereka m'munsimu, adzamvetsa kuwunika.

Tiyeni tinene kampani manufactures mankhwala A. kuchuluka kwake mu nyengo malipoti kuchuluka 10 mayunitsi 13. Mtengo chidutswa 1 sichinasinthe ndipo anakwana 5 rubles. phindu kampani anauka 50 rubles. kuti rubles 65.

Mu nkhani iyi, index ambiri kukula voliyumu kupanga kuchita masamu motere:

Ine = 65/50 = 1,3 = 130%

Mu chitsanzo ichi kuwonjezeka phindu kampani anakopeka ndi kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mankhwala, monga mtengo wofanana. Choncho, kuchuluka kupanga mankhwala yomalizidwa ndi 3 pc. Iwo anali yosafuna ndi wabweretsa kuwonjezeka phindu 15 rubles.

Popeza familiarized ndi mfundo ndi mfundo za ziyenera izi njira ya boma chuma chinthu, monga njira index, mukhoza kupanga kuwerengetsera wa chikoka cha zinthu pa chifukwa wonse. Izi adzalola mukazindikira zinthu za dongosolo, umene kusintha ake kwakhudza dongosolo lonse. Amathandiza ndi katswiri kulosera za chitukuko cha chinthu m'tsogolo ndipo ndinayamba kukhala ndi ndondomeko kusintha lililonse chinthu okhudza chifukwa wonse.