Alpha-adrenergic agonists: kufotokoza, ntchito mfundo

Agonists ndi gulu la mankhwala chifukwa cha zomwe zimagwiritsa kukondoweza kwa maselo adrenergic ili mu ziwalo mkati, ndi makoma mtima. adrenoceptors onse m'magulu angapo malingana ndi kutanthauzira nkhoswe tingati ndi luso kupanga maofesi ndi mankhwala yogwira. Alpha-agonists zolimbikitsa zimakhudzanso zolandilira alpha-adrenergic, kuchititsa kuyankha zenizeni za thupi.

ndi maselo alpha-adrenergic Kodi

A1-adrenoceptors ili zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana padziko maselo synapse anauona norepinephrine, amene anamasulidwa ndi molekezera mitsempha ya manyuroni postganglionic wa mantha dongosolo chisoni. Isanafalikire mu mitsempha ya likungosonyeza yaing'ono. cholandilira kukondoweza amachititsa vasospasm, matenda oopsa, yafupika permeability a linga wolumikizira, kuchepetsa maonekedwe a zochita yotupa mu thupi.

A zolandilira 2-adrenergic ili kunja kwa synapses pa Kakhungu presynaptic selo. Anatani zochita za noradrenaline ndi zikuwonjezereka masiku ano. cholandilira kukondoweza amachititsa anthuwo kuvutika, amene anaonetsa hypotension ndi mtima zosangalatsa.

General zokhudza adrenomimetikami

Alpha- ndi beta-agonists, omwe paokha kugwirizana ndi kudziwa iwo zolandilira ndi kuyambitsa zotsatira za zikuwonjezereka masiku ano kapena mphamvu noradrenaline, wotchedwa njira mwachindunji.

The chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumachitika ndi zotsatira mosadziwika omwe kumaonekera mwa kukondoweza m'badwo timene yekha, kumathandiza kudzitsitsa awo, kumaonjezera ndende ya molekezera mitsempha.

Adrenoceptor agonists amawatumiza zinthu zotsatirazi:

• mtima kulephera, aakulu hypotension, kugwa, mantha, mtima kumangidwa;
• mphumu, bronchospasm;
• okwera intraocular kuthamanga;
• matenda yotupa wa Kakhungu mucous cha maso ndi mphuno;
• hypoglycemic chikomokere;
• mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

mankhwala gulu kumaphatikizapo kusankha (kuchita mtundu wina wa cholandilira) ndipo sanali kusankha (A1 malemeredwe ndi A2-maselo) amatanthauza. Non-kusankha alpha-agonists anagonjera mwachindunji noradrenaline, zolimbikitsa ndi kuchita beta-maselo.

Alpha-agonists zokhudza A1-maselo - antishock mankhwala ntchito ndi kuchepa lakuthwa magazi. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito timitu, kuchititsa constriction wa arterioles kuti khungu kapena agwire ntchito rhinitis matupi awo sagwirizana. mankhwala amadziwika Gulu:

• "Midodrin";
• "Mezaton";
• "Etilefrin".

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, okhudza A2 cholandilira, zambiri wodziwika kwa misa ambiri a anthu chifukwa cha ntchito yake konsekonse. Top oimira - "Xylometazoline," "Nazol", "Sanorin", "Visine". Ntchito mankhwala a matenda yotupa kwa diso ndi mphuno (conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sinusitis).

mankhwala amadziwika ndi vasoconstrictor zotsatira zawo, zomwe kumatha kuchulukana m'mphuno. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ayenera kutenga malo yekha kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri, malinga kusalankhula phwando zikhoza chitukuko cha bata mankhwala ndi mucosal manja.

Ana akulu wothandizila munali alpha-adrenergic agonists. Mankhwala mu nkhani iyi ndi ndende m'munsi wa chinthu yogwira. Mooneka ntchito pa matenda a anthu akuvutika ndi matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, excitatory A2-zolandilira, ndipo monga nthumwi pakati akuchita ( "methyldopa", "Clonidine", "Katapresan"). mmene chiri motere:

• hypotensive zotsatira;
• utachepa mlingo mtima;
• pansi anthuwo tingati;
• zazing'ono mpumulo kuwawa;
• yafupika katulutsidwe wa lacrimal ndi malovu zopangitsa;
• yafupika katulutsidwe wa madzi mu intestine yaing'ono.

"Mezaton"

Kukonzekera zochokera phenylephrine hydrochloride, kuchititsa kuthamanga magazi. tanthauzo lake amafuna dosing molondola zotheka reflex kuchepa kugunda kwa mtima. "Mezaton" kumawonjezera kuthamanga pang'ono pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena, koma mmene chokhalitsa.

Zikuonetsa zikutanthauza:

• hypotension, kugwa;
• pokonzekera opaleshoni;
• vasomotor rhinitis ;
• mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo;
• poyizoni wa etiologies zosiyanasiyana.

Kufunika zotsatira yomweyo amafuna makonzedwe mtsempha. Mankhwala amadziwikanso jekeseni minofu kuti, subcutaneously, intranasally.

"Xylometazoline"

The mankhwala ndi dzina lomweli thunthu yogwira mbali ya "galazolin" "Otrivin" "ksimelin" "Dlyanosa". Izo ntchito pa matenda apakhungu a pachimake matenda rhinitis, sinusitis, chigwagwa, media otitis, pokonzekera ntchito kapena matenda njira za m'mphuno.

Izo zinabala mu mawonekedwe a kutsitsi, madontho ntchito m'mphuno gel osakaniza. Utsi analola ana kwa zaka 12. Chenjerani amaikidwa zinthu zotsatirazi:

• angina;
• mkaka wa m'mawere;
• matenda a chithokomiro;
• Prostatic hyperplasia;
• shuga;
• mimba.

"Clonidine"

The mankhwala ndi alpha-adrenoceptor agonists. Limagwirira kanthu "clonidine" zachokera malemeredwe ya maselo A2-adrenergic, chifukwa mu kuchepa kuthamanga, kupanga mankhwala ochititsa ang'ono ndi sedation.

Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana matenda oopsa, hypertensive mavuto, kuthetsa khungu kuukira limodzi ndi mankhwala ena zochizira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa kusiya.

"Clonidine" ali contraindicated woyembekezera, koma mu nkhani ya gestosis kwambiri magawo nthawi imene phindu kwa mayi n'kosangalatsa chiopsezo kuvulaza mwana wosabadwayo, n'zotheka ntchito Mlingo wocheperako ya mankhwala osakaniza ndi mankhwala ena.

"Visine"

Vasoconstrictor mankhwala kudzera tetryzoline ntchito pochiza matenda a maso. Imawalamulira amapezeka mydriasis, conjunctival kuchepetsa edema, kuchepa kupanga madzimadzi intraocular. Izo ntchito pa matenda a matupi awo sagwirizana conjunctivitis, ndi makina, thupi kapena mankhwala kanthu za wothandizila achilendo pa zikope mucous.

Ambiri osokoneza Alpha agonists

Ambiri osokoneza akuwonekera kusintha kulimbikira amakhala zotsatira za alpha-agonists. Wodwala nkhawa kuthamanga magazi, kuchuluka kugunda kwa mtima mungoli matenda. Nthawi imeneyi n'zotheka chitukuko cha sitiroko kapena edema m'mapapo mwanga.

Therapy overdosing ndi kutsatira magulu zotsatirazi mankhwala:

1. Zotumphukira sympatholytic kusokoneza kufala kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha periphery ndi wamanjenje dongosolo. Choncho, kuthamanga kuchepetsedwa ndi utachepa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kukana zotumphukira.
2. muzikangana kashiamu umalimbana kutsekereza otaya ayoni kashiamu mu maselo. Mtima minofu kumachepetsa kufunika mpweya, yafupika contractility bwino zosangalatsa pa diastole, kuwonjezera magulu onse mitsempha.
3. mankhwala Myotropic kulimbikitsa zosangalatsa a minofu yosalala, kuphatikizapo minofu ndi mtima khoma.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, ntchito amene ali ndi gulu lalikulu kuwerenga, amafuna mosamala kusankha mlingo kuyan'anila electrocardiogram, kuthamanga kwa magazi, magazi zotumphukira.