Anthu ndi dera la Crimea: ziwerengero ndi zochitika. Kodi malo a Peninsula a Crimea ndi otani?

M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za ngodya zachilendo zapadziko lonse - zokongola za Tavrida! Kodi ndi anthu angati omwe akukhala peninsula ndi kukula kwake kwa gawo la Crimea? Malo, chikhalidwe, mafuko ndi zipembedzo za anthu a ku Crimea zidzakambidwa nkhaniyi.

Crimea: chiyambi cha dzina la peninsula

Kalekale, mmbuyo zakale, kumene kuli tsopano - kum'mwera kwa Crimea, anali malo akale kwambiri a Taurus. Ngakhale apo peninsula inali ndi dzina lalikulu la Tavrika. Dzina lakuti Crimea, limene dzikoli limadziŵa masiku ano, Tavrika yakale patapita zaka zambiri. Izi zinachitika kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XIV. Ofufuzawo amati dzinali limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mzinda wa Mongolia wotchedwa Kyrym. Ndipo mfundo yonseyi ndi yakuti a Mongol atatha kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Black Sea, Khan wa Horde anakhazikika mumzindawu ndipo adatchula chuma chake polemekeza malo ake.

Palinso mtundu wina wa chiyambi cha dzina. Mwina pali mgwirizano pakati pa Crimea ndi Perekop Isthmus. Ndipotu, mu Turkic "kukumba" kumawoneka ngati "kyrym", ndiyo "dzenje". Mu Middle Ages peninsula inatchedwanso Tavria. Dzinalo linasintha pang'ono pambuyo poti gawolo linasindikizidwa ku Ufumu wa Russia. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za XVIII, peninsula yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi iyo inatchedwa Tavrida.

Kodi chigawo chonse cha Crimea ndi chiani? Izi zidzafotokozedwa pambuyo pake.

Dera la Crimea: dera ndi malo

Crimea idasambitsa nyanja zonse mwakamodzi: Azov ndi Black. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya peninsula ikufika makilomita 2,000! Hafu ya kutalika uku akutanthauza Prisivasha.

M'mawonekedwe ake a Crimea amafanana ndi zosawerengeka za quadrangle. Ndichifukwa chiyani Crimea imatchedwa peninsula, osati chilumba chonse? Nkhaniyi muyipi ya Perekop ili mamita 8, yomwe imayanjanitsa mpaka kumtunda. Panthawiyi ndilo kumpoto kwenikweni kwa chilumbachi. Kumwera kwenikweni kuli Cape Sarych.

Kodi ndi chiani cha Crimea? Malingana ndi kutalika kwa nyanja ndi malire a nthaka, ndi makilomita 2500. Ngati mutagwirizanitsa malingaliro, ndiye mu silhouette wa Crimea mukhoza kuona mphesa mphesa, mtima kapena mbalame mbalame. Malo a Peninsula ya Crimea ali pafupi makilomita zikwi makumi awiri ndi zisanu.

Chilengedwe ndi chitonthozo

Chigawo cha Crimea ndi chaching'ono, koma chilumbachi chili ndipadera: izi ndi zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe ndi malo. Zomera ndi zinyama za peninsula zimadabwa ndi kukongola ndi kulemera kwake. Ku Crimea mungathe kukaona malo otchire, kusangalala ndi malingaliro a mpesa wobiriwira kapena zomera zosadziwika za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuyamikira miyala yamkuntho, kapena kulowa pansi mu karst.

Ponena za khalidwe la chitetezo, Crimea ikhoza kugawa magawo atatu:

• Zoposa 7/10 ndi chigwa cha North-Crimean.

• Kerch Peninsula ndi mapiri ake otsetsereka.

• Gawo lamapiri la peninsula.

Mphepete mwa mapiri a Crimea ali ndi malo okwera kwambiri. Ndi mndandanda wa zigawo zosiyana, zopangidwa ndi miyala yamakona ndi mapepala apamwamba. Gwirizanitsani zojambulazo (zama) zinyama zakuya kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.

Anthu a ku Crimea

Poyang'ana pa deta ya Oktoba 2014, chilumba cha Crimea chili ndi anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni. M'chaka chapitacho, malinga ndi zomwe analandira kuchokera ku Ukraine, gawo la dzikoli lasunthira pafupifupi 20.5,000 a ku Crimea. Komabe, panthawi yomweyi anthu 200,000 anasamukira ku Crimea ku madera a Lugansk ndi Donetsk. Alendo akukhala ndi kugwira ntchito pa peninsula pafupifupi 50,000.

Ngakhale kumapeto kwa zaka za XVIII, anthu ambiri a ku Crimea anaimiridwa ndi a Chitata. Komabe, patatha zaka mazana awiri peninsulayo inakhala dera lokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu. Masiku ano, mafuko oposa 100 amakhala ku Crimea, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi a Russia (68%), a Ukrainians (16%), Crimean Tatars (11%), Armenian (pafupifupi 1%).

Chipembedzo chofala kwambiri ku Crimea ndi Orthodoxy. Osamali ochepa chabe, palinso a Chiprotestanti ndi Akatolika, Ayuda.

Zomwe zimachitika m'midzi ku peninsula

Malingana ndi 2014, chiwerengero cha anthu okhala m'tawuniyi chinali anthu 1.3 miliyoni, kapena 58% mwa anthu onse. Kwazaka 15 zapitazi, nambala ya nzika yatsika kwambiri. Chizindikiro ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti makilomita onse a mu mzinda wa 2014 adapatsidwa chiwerengero cha midzi.

Ufulu, umene umakhalapo pa chilumbachi - ndi Chirasha. Iwo ndi amodzi mwa anthu a m'tawuni, koma osati ndi chiwerengero cha anthu akumidzi. M'midzi iwo akadali ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa Ukraine ndi, ndithudi, Crimean Tatars akugonjera kumeneko.

Zambiri zokhudza chilumbachi

1. Crimea ndi peninsula yapadera, yomwe nthawi imodzi imakhala ndi malo okwana 3. Awa ndi madera otsika, mapiri ndi steppes.

2. Zomera za Crimea zimaphatikizapo mitundu 240 ya zomera zosiyana, zomwe zimadalira malo ake okha.

3. Crimea yadziwika ndi njira yautali kwambiri yoyendetsa galimoto: kutalika kwa njira ya trolleybus pakati pa mizinda ya Simferopol ndi Yalta pafupifupi 90 km!

4. "Krymtrolleibus" ili m'gulu la Guinness Book of World Records chifukwa cha imodzi yamakondomu. Zoona, izi sizingatchedwe kupindula. Paki yamtunda imatha pafupifupi kwathunthu, ndipo pafupifupi zaka za trolleybus yapafupi ndi zaka 26, zomwe ziri mbiri ina padziko lonse!

5. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ku peninsula ndi nthambi yaying'ono kwambiri ya tramways. Kutalika sikufika pamtunda wa makilomita awiri, ndipo cholinga cha chilengedwe chake ndi chimodzi - kuthamangitsa mofulumira alendo ku nyanja.

6. Pachilumbachi ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa. Inde, osati mophweka, koma wamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi! Anamangidwa ndi a Austria m'mudzi wa Perovo mu 2011.

7. Oimira anthu pafupifupi 130 amakhala ku Crimea lero!

Kutsiliza

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zonse zokhudza dera la Crimea ndi anthu a chilumba chodabwitsa ichi. Chimafika chakuya mu Nyanja Yakuda ndipo chiri kutali kwambiri ndi nthaka. Chigawo cha Crimea ndi makilomita 120,000. Anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri amakhala m'dera lino.

Malo a Crimea, monga momwe mungathere, ndi ochepa. Komabe, gawo la peninsula ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo, zomera ndi zinyama.