Njira yoyamba-suffix. Mapangidwe a mawu mu njira-affirmative-suffix

Kodi chithunzi choyamba-suffix njira yolinganiza mawu? Mudzapeza yankho la funso ili m'nkhaniyi. Kuonjezerapo, tidzakuuzani za njira zina za mapangidwe a mawu, momwe amasiyanirana komanso kupereka zitsanzo zenizeni.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

"Pangani mawu akuti prefix-suffix njira ..." - ichi ndi chiyambi cha zochuluka za zochitika pa nkhani zomwe zafotokozedwa. Koma musanayambe kuchita ntchito yeniyeni, muyenera kuphunzira gawo lachinsinsi.

Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsa mapangidwe a mawu. Mawu awa amabisa gawo lonse la zinenero. Imayang'ana njira zonse zomwe zilipo popanga mawu. Kuwadziwa iwo mwachidziwitso ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito pochita, ndizomveka kumvetsa momwe Chirasha chimapindulitsa nthawizonse.

Njira zopanga mawu

Kupanga mawu ndi suffix-suffix njira ndi imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pambali pake, pali zinenero zina mu Russian. Ndipo musanayambe kukuwonetsani inu ndi chiyambi-suffix method, muyenera kunena za njira zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofanana mu mapangidwe a mawu.

Kotero, mu Chirasha pali njira zotsatirazi, mothandizidwa ndi mawu atsopano omwe apangidwa:

• Choyamba;
• Mizere;
• Pristavochno-suffixal;
• Bezafiksny ndi ena ambiri.

M'nkhaniyi, tidzakambirana momveka bwino zitatu zoyambirira. Ndiponsotu, njira zoterezi zimagwirizanirana, ndipo sizingaganizidwe mosiyana.

Njira yokonzekera yolumikiza mawu

Zomwe zili zobisika mu njira yoyamba-suffixal ya mawonekedwe a mawu, tidzalankhulana pang'ono. Tsopano ndikufuna ndikuuzeni momwe chinenero cha Chirasha chimapindulitsidwa chifukwa cha njira yoyenera yowonongeka.

Kwa njira iyi, ndizofunika kuwonjezera pamunsi pa chithunzicho (kapena chomwe chimatchedwa chiyambi). Nazi zitsanzo izi:

• Liwu lakuti "wothandizana" limapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi chingwe choyambitsirana, chowonjezeredwa ku maziko opanga "comrade";
• Liwu loti "mdani" limapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi kapepala ka "bwenzi" yowonjezera ku maziko;
• Mawu oti "zochulukitsa" amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi zowonjezereka, zophatikizidwa ku maziko, "oyambirira";
• Mawu oti "kupereka" amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi chilembo chophatikizidwa kuti chikhale "kupereka";
• Mawu oti "patsa" amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi chingwe choyamba cha "owonjezera" ku maziko opangira "kupereka."

Zida za njira yoyamba

Pamene mukupanga mawu motere, muyenera kudziwa kuti:

• Mawu omanga mawu akuwonjezeredwa ku mawu onse;
• Njira yamagwiritsidwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga zenizeni zonse zofunikira zilankhulidwe;
• Mukamaonjezerapo gawo lililonse la mawu a liwu lalikulu silikusintha.

Njira yowonongeka yopangidwira mawu

Kuti apange mawu oyambirira-suffix, wina ayenera kudziwa malamulo oyambirira a chokwanira ndi njira yoyamba. Yotsirizirayi idatengedwa pamwamba. Koma njira ya suffix, ndiye, malingana ndi dzina, mawu a Chirasha ndi kuthandizidwa nawo amapangidwa ndi kuwonjezera pa maziko opangidwa ndi chokwanira chimodzi. Nazi zitsanzo izi:

• Mawu akuti "countryman" amapangidwa powonjezera chokwanira -k-kuzipanga maziko "dziko";
• Mawu akuti "birch makungwa" amapangidwa mwa kuwonjezera chokwanira -chimake-kuzipanga maziko a "birches";
• Mawu oti "imvi" amapangidwa powonjezera chokwanira -pamene- kuzipanga maziko "ser";
• Mawu oti "wogwira ntchito" amapangidwa mwa kuwonjezera chokwanira -nik-ku maziko opanga "ntchito";
• Mawu akuti "chipinda" amapangidwa powonjezera chokwanira -ku- kuzipanga maziko a "zipinda".

Zizindikiro za njira yokwanira

Mawu omwe akuyimiridwa ndi mapangidwe amodzi ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi njira yotere, pafupifupi mbali zonse zofunika kwambiri za kulankhula zimapangidwa m'chinenero chathu. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ndi njira yokwanira, mawu a mawu atsopano angakhale ofanana ndi a wopanga, kapena angakhale osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, maina ndi suffixes -eni- ndi -ani- amapangidwa kawirikawiri kuchokera ku vesi (kuwonekera - kuwonekera).

Njira yoyamba-suffix

Osati pachabe kuti chidwi chanu chinaperekedwa pa njira ziwiri zapitazo zopangidwira mawu, chifukwa wotchulidwayo ndi kuwonjezera zonse zilembo ndi choyamba pazomwe amapanga nthawi yomweyo. Izi ziyenera kuzindikiranso kuti njira yopangira mawu ndi yovuta kwambiri.

Njirayi ndi chiyambi-suffix: zitsanzo za mapangidwe a mawu

Ngakhale kuti njira imeneyi ya kulumikiza mawu ndi imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake chinenero chathu chakhala chosiyana komanso chokongola. Pambuyo pake, pali ziwerengero zodabwitsa zotsatizana ndi zilembo, zomwe zingagwirizane ndi zofunikira zilizonse. Kuti muwone izi, tiyeni tione zitsanzo zina:

• Mawu oti "nthawi yapakati" amapangidwa ndi chokwanira -n- ndi chiyambi cha "mphatso" yomwe yawonjezeredwa ku maziko;
• Mawu oti "mphatso" amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi cholemetsa -k-ndi-prefixes, kuwonjezeredwa ku maziko opangidwa "mphatso";
• Mawu akuti "kunyoza" amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi cholumikiza-ndi chingwe choyamba, kuwonjezeredwa ku maziko opanga "kuimba";
• Liwu lakuti "zisanu" limapangidwa ndi chokwanira -m-ndi chiyambi -b, chowonjezeredwa ku maziko opanga "asanu";
• Mawu akuti "akhungu" amapangidwa ndi chokwanira -ovat- ndi chiyambi cha zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ku maziko omwe "amachititsa khungu";
• Mawu akuti "chosapeŵeka" amapangidwa ndi chokwanira -n- ndi zotsatiridwa za "osapulumuka" osaphatikizidwa ku maziko.

Zida za njira yoyamba-suffix

Monga mukuonera, ndi zovuta kupanga mawu mu njira-suffix njira. Ndipo kuti muchite molondola, m'pofunika kudziwa zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi morphemes.

Mwa njirayi, njirayi imabweretsa osati mayina a maina ndi zenizeni, komanso ziganizo ndi ziganizo:

• Galasi - wogwira chikho;
• Zida-zowononga;
• Wake_mu njira yake yake;
• Mkulu - wothandizidwa.

Pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi yolankhulira, munthu ayenera kumvetsera mwachidwi ndi izi:

1. Tanthawuzo la mawu atsopano, lomwe linapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi njira ya suffix-suffix, kawirikawiri limachokera ku kuphatikiza kwa dzina lachigamulo, lomwe limayimirira pamlandu wa oblique, ndi chiganizo. Pachifukwa ichi, mu chiwonetsero chochokera, choyambirira, chomwe sichidziwika kuti ndi chomaliza, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo:

• Window sill, yomwe ili pansi pawindo;
• Wogwira galasi, ndiko kuti, pansi pa galasi;
• Moonless, ndiko kuti, popanda mwezi.

2. Sitiyenera kuiwalika kuti chokwanira -y-sichikhoza kuwonetsedwa m'mawu ndi chizindikiro chowonekera. Mwachitsanzo:

• Anthu-ndi-opanda-anthu.

3. Miyambi yonse yomwe imalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzithunzi-suffix njira. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuchokera ku ziganizo pogwiritsira ntchito chiyambi, ndi suffixes -em-, -omu- (wamkulu ndi wamkulu, mmbulu ndi wolf-ngati, ndipo zabwino ndi zabwino, mofanana, mofanana );
• Kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha chiwerengero pogwiritsa ntchito ziganizo vo- and v-, komanso zilembo -ih ndi -yh- (yachitatu ndi yachitatu, yoyamba ndi yoyamba).

4. Monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, tanthauzo la mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe anapangidwa ndi chiganizo-suffix njira kawirikawiri limakhudzidwa ndi maina ophatikizana omwe ali ndi mafotokozedwe. Komanso, mu chiganizo chogwiritsidwa ntchito, chimagwiritsiridwa ntchito choyambirira chomwe chimadziwika kuti sichidziwikiratu, ndipo palinso zero suffix. Mwachitsanzo:

• Popanda-nyanga-0-y, ndiko kuti, popanda malipenga;
• Popanda-mapazi-0-i, omwe alibe miyendo.

Komabe, palinso ziganizo zomwe zimachokera, zomwe pamodzi ndi chiyambichi zimakhalanso ndi chokwanira chothupi. Mwachitsanzo:

• Popanda kuvulaza-n-yy (yotengedwa kuchokera ku chiwonetsero ndi dzina "popanda kuvulaza");
• Popanda-tikiti-n-th (yotengedwa kuchokera ku chiwonetsero ndi dzina "popanda tikiti").

Kukonzekera zakuthupi

Tsopano mumadziwa momwe mawu amapangidwira mothandizidwa ndi chikhomo, chokwanira kapena njira yowonjezera-suffix. Pofuna kulimbikitsa phunziroli, muyenera kuchita zambiri mwazigawo zotsatirazi:

1. Ngati n'kotheka, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, matanthauzo ndi ziganizo kuchokera m'mabuku awa: lupanga, mudzi, ntchito, kulira, kuwerenga, kuvulaza, nkhani, zenera, khomo, chipululu, kunjenjemera, kuthawa, kukwera, kukwera , Kutuluka kwa dzuwa.

2. Tsatanetsani mawu omwe amapanga kwa ziganizo zotsatirazi: osayera, osaphunzira, a beardless, achifuwa, osamveketsa, olankhula momasuka, osowa, osowa, ophatikizana, osowa, abambo, ozindikira, obwereza, lero, ololera, otopa, owerenga.