Bwanji Mng'oma wa kamera pinhole ndi manja ake kuti: awiri moyo mwatsatanetsatane kuwakhadzula

Pinhole kamera, pinhole kamera - kwazaka mazana angapo anthu zinachitika wa kamera. M'nkhaniyi, ife osati tione mbiri yake ndi mfundo kanthu, komanso kuona mmene kupanga kamera pinhole ndi manja awo zida zidutswa mu njira zingapo.

ndi mdima lojambulira Kodi

The mdima lojambulira (Latin kamera -. "Malo", obscura - "mdima, mdima") - ndi kuwala chipangizo losavuta, ndi zinachitika kamera. Kungakhale bokosi kapena pachifuwa, pa khoma limodzi limene kudula glazok- dzenje kakang'ono, ndipo mmalo wina chophimba tensioned zakuthupi translucent, ndi chipinda mdima ndi diso kochepa komweko kanemayo.

dzina lina chipangizo ichi - Pinhole Kamera (English pinhole kamera -. "Komiti ndi dzenje").

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito za mdima lojambulira

Musanasankhe kamera pinhole ndi manja ake, m'pofunika bwino mmene chimagwirira ntchito. Ntchito yake zachokera sukulu odziwika ndi malamulo a kafalitsidwe rectilinear kunyezimira kuwala. Kudzera pabowo diso kamera akapitirira kuchuluka yopapatiza matabwa kuwala. Aliyense masamba zosiyana khoma chophimba kuunika malo ofanana kukula peephole. specks zimenezi ku matabwa angapo alipo wina ndi mnzake padziko chophimba pinhole kamera, motero kulenga pa izo ndi kuwala kusinkhasinkha-buku chinthu kapena poto inali kutsogolo kwa mtundu umenewu wa zida.

Diso la munthu ndi kamera pinhole

Pinhole kamera, mwa njira, monga mfundo kanthu ake maso athu - fano pa zenera ake komanso afika mwa dzenje ang'ono ndi mozondoka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kuwala afika m'maso, ndi makina pa cham'mbali - cheza anasonyeza kuchokera pamwamba pa zinthu wosonyeza pansi ndi cheza kuwalitsa zinthu pafupi pansi, motsogoleredwa m'mwamba. iwo anawoloka mkati m'chipinda, kuti chifaniziro pa zenera kamera akutembenukira mozondoka. Mu thupi lathu fano mu malo olondola akubwerera ubongo, ndi kamera - galasi.

Mbiri ya kamera pinhole

Bwanji Mng'oma wa kamera pinhole ndi manja ake, kuganiza, ndi makolo athu - koyamba zodabwitsazi amaona Aristotle m'nthawi IV. BC

The lodziwika bwino Leonardo da Vinci loyamba aligorivimu ndi limagwirira ntchito zake. Kutulukira wake ntchito Ages Middle, aluso - ndi mdima lojambulira linawathandiza kuti zithunzi-magazini a zinthu zina.

Kuti mudziwe kuti manja awo pa mdima lojambulira mu kwambiri Baibulo "zotsogola" asayansi ankaganiza ina. Mu 1568 mfundo za kamera pinhole wakhala bwino - Venetian zatsopano De Barbaro m'malo chophimba plano-otukukira kunja mandala. luso Izi kwambiri bwino momveka ndi machulukitsidwe wa fano. chipangizo unkatchedwa pinhole kamera-kamera. Iwo wakhala pakupita mwala kwa kamera ano.

Bwanji Mng'oma wa kamera pinhole kunja kwa bokosi ndi manja awo

Kupanga yekha pinhole kamera yake zidzafunika:

• katoni pansi pa tiyi kapena madzi;
• woonda translucent pepala - zikopa lolembedwa wangwiro kapena zikopa;
• lumo;
• zomatira;
• Sikochi wapa.

Choncho, kupanga kamera pinhole kunja kwa bokosi ndi manja awo tiyi, madzi ndi zina zina..

1. Dulani pa zenera ka makoma bokosi.
2. Pogwiritsa ntchito zomatira kapena zomatira tepi, kuphimba kutsegula pepala yabwino, lisanduke tsogolo chophimba chipinda.
3. Pakati pa khoma zosiyana kupanga dzenje awiri a osapitirira 1 mm. Tengani ntchito singano ichi, pini, pushpin.

Ndi malangizo onse limatiuza mmene amapangira kamera pinhole kunja kwa bokosi ndi manja awo. Ntchito chidali chifuniro chanu m'chipinda chamdima - lozani pa yowala ndi zosiyana gwero kuwala - monga nyali yoyaka. chifaniziro chake kukalowa ayenera zimaonekera chophimba pepala.

Bwanji Mng'oma wa kamera pinhole ndi manja ake kuti: kamera

Mu umoyo uno kuwakhadzula tikambirana chilengedwe cha kuipidwa kwambiri, komanso zina zosangalatsa pinhole kamera, mungathe kupeza zithunzi weniweni. Kuyamba, nudule popanga zipangizo:

• Zotayidwa mtsuko;
• chidutswa cha pulasitiki;
• matchbox;
• 2 "Mosungira" chifukwa filimu;
• 35 mamilimita filimu yokha;
• wakuda utoto, burashi;
• mpeni malo;
• magetsi tepi;
• singano;
• lumo;
• mzere;
• pensulo.

Bwanji Mng'oma wa kamera pinhole ndi manja ake, kuwerenga:

1. Dulani zenera mkati mwa bokosi. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukula kwake - 36h24 mm. m'mbali ake angathe kusiya mosasamala chinang'ambika (Adzawauza kupereka zotsatira zachilendo akatemera mtsogolo), ndipo yom'pepesera kwa kumaliza kapena malo mpeni.
2. Mkati mwa bokosi kwathunthu utoto wakuda utoto. Gwiritsani ntchito matte koposa mitundu glossy.
3. Mutenge chidutswa cha pulasitiki, mukhale kutha. Kutsatila "Mosungira" tepi, monga chithunzi, ndi lakuthwa nsonga, mbedza kutsegula film, poyamba anaikapo mu chidebe. Pamene rewinding adzamva kudina - kulenga chimango latsopano kufunika ataona filimu 8-9 kudina.
4. Bwelerani kunja kwa bokosi - mosamalitsa pakati, kudula rectangle 8x5 mm.
5. Aluminiyamu akhoza kudula lalikulu 15x15 mm. Pakati, kuchita singano dzenje - ang'onoang'ono ndi bwino.
6. Tsopano utoto wakuda utoto ndi gawo lakunja la bokosi zotayidwa bokosi.
7. Kumata zitsulo zotayidwa mbali gawo lakunja kwa tepi bokosi peephole.
8. Pangani shutter - kudula chidutswa cha makatoni, tsatira kwa dzenje "mandala", asasiye "m'chipinda". Kutenga Mzere wa makatoni 10h30 mm, kwathunthu wakuda utoto izo, kumanga ichi improvised chipangizo shutter chitsanzo.
9. Kuti rewind filimu mkati "mabowo" kupanga chogwirira zoterozo zikatoni ndi tepi.
10. Bwanji Mng'oma wa kamera pinhole mwa makatoni ndi manja awo? Apa, potsiriza, ndi mfundo yomaliza. Amaika filimu pakati pa gawo lakunja ndi lamkati la chophimba dzenje-matchbox. Kugwiritsa ntchito filimu sakonda kulankhula, akhoza Ufumuyo mbali ina ya chachiwiri kamera "Mosungira" chifukwa kumulowetsa ake. Adzatsekeredwa kulumikiza mbali zonse ndi tepi.

Kotero ife ankaiphwasula njira ziwiri, limatiuza mmene amapangira kamera pinhole ndi manja ake. Yotsirizira bwino kwa kuwombera ntchito miyendo itatu ndi shutter lotseguka kwa kutalika kwa nthawi - nyengo dzuwa masekondi 6, mu mitambo - masekondi 7-8.