Cameos - yotani? Yotchuka ya cameos

Luso la mwala kusema anaonekera kwa zaka zikwizikwi zapitazo. Imodzi mwa ntchito otchuka akutulukira m'manja mwaluso mbuye, ankaona cameos. mankhwala uwu wapangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena theka-mtengo wapatali, amene chosema otukukira kunja chifanizo cha mchere wa mtundu lina kapena mthunzi, poyamba anaonekera mu 4 m'ma BC. e. Malo mankhwala amenewa kaso, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira Alexandria. Za chiyambi cha dzina "cameo" Pali mfundo ina. Izo zikhoza lachokera ku Persian mawu chumahau, camahatus Latin kapena Chitaliyana chama.

Pa chiyambi cha njira izi zinthu kakang'ono analaswa yekha pa osiyanasiyana miyala semiprecious - yaspi ndi sardonyx. Komabe, pa nthawi, kuchita ndi cameos zabwino ambuye anayamba bwinobwino ntchito topazes ndi amethysts, emeralds ndi aquamarines. Kawirikawiri maziko akutengedwa mdima chuma, limene superimposed pa fanizo la mbandakucha. Thanthwe abwino oyenera kupanga cameos, taganizirani sibu ndi magawo, Mipikisano wachikuda matabwa ake.

Kukula kwa mwala kusema luso

Chosema cameos ndi onsewo mawilo mkuwa. Okhakhala ufa zambiri anatumikira corundum kapena diamondi fumbi. Tatsala umapezeka zinachitikadi ndi osakaniza hematite ufa ndi mafuta. Wogoba ntchito pafupifupi mwachimbulimbuli. Popeza zikuchokera abrasive aphimbidwa fanizo.

The ambuye wakale wa kusema njira mwala wogwidwa ntchito mpumulo, koma anagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri. Iwo anali makamaka mwala zonenepa (mabuku cholembera), kapena mbali n'zosiyana wa zopatulika scarab kachilomboka. Ambiri mwa ntchito zimenezi zinali za miyala kumveka. Komabe, luso zachitika mofulumira. Zithunzi wa olamulira milungu Igupto, onse zokongoletsera, zokongoletsa, zokometsera zosiyanasiyana - zizindikiro zonse za cameos kuwonjezeka kutchuka pakati pa anthu olemera a Alexandria.

Kamei ndi luso kamnerezaniya, Tingaone mu zinthu za ambuye ku Roma ndi ku Girisi. Pakuti ntchito za luso la nthawi khalidwe la suoneka zapadera ntchito, kuphweka, austerity kukongola.

The otsetsereka nayenso mbiri wapanga cameos m'zaka 17-18, mu nthawi Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Ngakhale yakale yoyendera cameo ndipo akapeza mtundu wina wa lokongola, olamulira Italy, osati anakwanitsa chifupi ku ungwiro, komanso kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mwala kusema luso m'mayiko ena.

Ziwembu cameos ndi ntchito zawo zothandiza

Chiwembu asonyeza pa mbuye cameo, ndi mphamvu pa angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala mu moyo weniweniwo. Pafupifupi mbali zonse za moyo wa munthu zikugwirizananso ndi chuma ndi cameos. Pakuti mphatso kwa Mkwatibwi anali mankhwala poyerekeza ndi zithunzi za ku "Cupid ndi Psyche". Ziwembu ndi Proserpina, kubedwa, amayi ake ndi abwino kwambiri kwa anthu amene ali kulira, kapena akukumana tsokali iliyonse. Maloya, atumiki a Themis, anapereka mankhwala ndi nkhani personifying chilungamo cha milungu (mwachitsanzo, mtengo Marcia). Nkhondo zambiri kudula cameos ndi cholinga asilikali. Zithunzi mankhwala ofanana a nthawi imeneyo - mabuku ndi zisudzo, chipembedzo ndi ndale.

Komabe, sitingathe kunena kuti chuma ndi cameos ankafuna yekha MUCHISANGALARO zokongoletsa. mankhwala amenewa ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito zithumwa, zomwe anthu akale ankavala m'khosi monga m'khosi kapena zala mu mawonekedwe a mphete. Iwo anali wotchuka kwambiri kusindikiza, kusema mphete, ndi mphete ndi miyala chosema amene anapanga kupereka posonyeza wapadera. Nthawi zambiri mankhwala lapidary luso anatumikira monga nsembe kwa milungu. Master zambiri monga kudula miyala zolemba, popanda mafano alionse. malemba awa ankanyamula tanthauzo losiyana kudzipatulira kwa mmodzi wa mitunduyi chifukwa cha mwini.

mankhwala wotchuka

Wotchuka kwambiri mu mbiri ya cameos zinalengedwa Alexandria ambuye Greek, atumiki pa bwalo la Tolemi. The katswiri wa nthawi monga wapadera "Gonzaga Cameo". Ndi otchuka kwambiri Zina mankhwala umafananirako monga "Cameo August" ndi "Gemma Tiberius" (waukulu mu dziko).

"Gonzaga Cameo"

mankhwala ali ndi kukula mokwanira lalikulu (15.7 × 11,8 × 3 cm). Pa awiri cameo amaonetsera mbiri: Ptolemy ndi Arsinoe. Kuyambira 1542 asayansi anakwanitsa mme- mbiri ya cameos. Iwo akugwiritsa eni asanu kwa zaka 400 ndipo kuwoloka angapo a ku Ulaya. Mwini penultimate wa mwaluso Zhozefina Bogarne anapereka cameo Russian Tsar Alexander I amayamikira zothandizira mipingo yawo yawo (watenga chisamaliro ndi chitetezo chake ndi kuthandiza kukhalabe mwayi waukulu). Mu 1814, ntchito ya luso lapidary anafika ku Russia ndi mukusungira Hermitage Museum ku St. Petersburg lero.

"Augustus Cameo"

Makulidwe a zikuchokera :. 19,05 × 22,86 masentimita Cameo tichipeza akaundula awiri. Wa Venus korona mlombwa wa Augustus (tikuonera pakati). Koma anthu ena ntchito, mfundo za view asayansi kusagwirizana: monga ena, ndi milungu Roma, monga ena - anthu enieni padziko wolamulirayo.

"Cameo Tiberius"

Malinga Napoleon, ntchito imeneyi ndi French cameo. Atatu akaundula molondola zimasonyeza kanjedza khumi awiri, Pakati Tiberiy ku msonkhano laku Libya pa mpando Germanicus ndi mayi wake Antonia. Pa za m'kaundula chapamwamba za milungu Mfumu Augustus, atazunguliridwa ndi mamembala akufa banja. Lowercase - anagonjetsa asilikali ndi akazi ndi ana awo. Kwa zaka 2000 linakhalapo, cameo ndi kawiri kwathu, iye anagulitsidwa, anapereka. Katatu mwaluso kumanzere Paris nabwerera. Pakali pano ndi pa mndandanda wa nduna za mendulo.

Wotchuka pang'ono odziwika, yosavuta ndi kukantha jeweler a mwatsatanetsatane cameos - ndi mbiri mazira, chithunzithunzi mu dziko wakale mwa zaka zaka, kumvetsa mmene olemera ndi zovuta anthu.