Dmitri Shostakovich: yonena za wolemba kwambiri

Dmitri Shostakovich, amene yonena ndi chidwi mafani ambiri nyimbo zachikhalidwe - amadziwika Soviet Wolemba, wotchuka kupitirira malire a dziko lakwawo.

Shostakovich ubwana

Anabadwa September 25, 1906 ku St. Petersburg mu limba banja ndi sayansi. Music kuti banja lake linali mbali yofunika (bambo - ndi mokhudza nyimbo wokonda, mayi - mphunzitsi akuimba limba), anakhala chidwi kwa m'badwo woyambirira: taciturn chochepera mnyamata, atakhala pa limba, iye anasanduka woyimba kufika. ntchito yake yoyamba ya "Msilikali" linalembedwa mu zaka 8 zokha, mchikakamizo cha zokambirana zonse wamkulu za First World nkhondo. Shostakovich, amene yonena lonse moyo chikugwirizana ndi nyimbo, anadzakhala wophunzira wa I.A.Glyassera nyimbo sukulu - mphunzitsi wotchuka. Ngakhale ndizosowa kalembedwe nyimbo wotchedwa Dmitry yodziwa mayi ake.

Shostakovich: yonena Soviet Wolemba

Mu moyo wotchedwa Dmitry pamodzi ndi nyimbo zopezeka chikondi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kumverera zamatsenga anapita mnyamata zaka 13: chikondi chinthu ndi 10 wazaka Natalya Kube, amene anali katswiri woimba ali odzipereka foreplay pang'ono. Koma kumverera pang'onopang'ono pang'ono ndi pang'ono zinatheratu, ndi chilakolako choti beloveds zolengedwa lamanzere mu katswiri walimba kale.

Ataphunzira ku sukulu pawekha 1919, Dmitri Shostakovich, amene yonena anatenga akatswiri nyimbo chiyambi, analowa Petrograd Conservatory bwino maphunziro mu 1923 ku makalasi awiri: zikuchokera ndi kusewera limba. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa njira yake kukumana latsopano chisoni - wokondeka Tatiana Glivenko. Iye ali ndi zaka mofanana Wolemba wina, wokongola, ophunzira, kusangalala ndi mokondwera, anauzira Shostakovich pa chilengedwe cha Symphony Choyamba, zomwe ndi maphunziro anasankhidwa kukhala nkhani yolembedwa ndi. Kulankhula ntchito imeneyi, kuya kwa kumverera amayambidwa osati chikondi, komanso matenda cimene cimabwela ndi kuchuluka tulo usiku Wolemba, anakumana nazo ndi maganizo amene akufotokozera mu maziko a zonsezi.

Yabwino kuyamba ntchito nyimbo

The kuyamba wa Symphony Choyamba, dziko leafless patapita zaka zambiri, unachitika mu 1926 ku St. Petersburg. Music ofufuza m'nkhani luso Wolemba woyenera m'malo amasamuka Sergeyu Rahmaninovu, Sergei Prokofiev ndi Igoryu Stravinskomu. Izi nthetemya ndipo anatenga achinyamata katswiri wolemba nyimbo ndi walimba anatchuka dziko. Polankhula pa Choyamba Mayiko limba Mpikisano Chopin mu 1927, womwe unachitikira mu Warsaw pa zapadera talente Shostakovich ankakalamba chidwi cha mmodzi wa mamembala a loweruza la Bruno Walter - Austria-American Wolemba ndi wochititsa. Iye anandiuza wotchedwa Dmitry kusewera chinachake, ndipo pamene anali Symphony woyamba adawomba, Walter anafunsa mnyamata Wolemba kumulola kuti Berlin zigoli. November 22, 1927 Wochititsa anachita zimenezi chidutswa cha nyimbo kuposa ulemerero Shostakovich dziko lonse.

Mu 1927, ndi luso Shostakovich, amene yonena ali ndi mavuto ambiri, anauziridwa ndi bwino Symphony Choyamba, anayamba kulenga za zisudzo "mphuno" ndi Gogol. kampani komanso atalenga limba concerto, kenako mu mochedwa 20 ntchentche analemba nthetemya awiri.

zochitika za mtima

Ndipo zimene Tatiana? Iye, ngati atsikana ambiri osakwatira kwa nthawi yaitali kudikira akafunsiridwa ukwati, amene wamanyazi Shostakovich akukumana mwapadera woyera ndi yowala kwambiri ndi inspirer wake, kapena sankadziwa kapena sanayese n'komwe kuchita. More agile njonda amene anakumana pa Tatiana njira anamutenga ndi kupita naye pansi mkanjira, iye anabereka mwana wamwamuna. Patatha zaka zitatu Shostakovich, kuthamangitsa nthawi zonse tsopano ndi wokonda wina, Tatiana anapereka kuti akhale mkazi wake. Koma iye anasankha kwathunthu kudula kucheza onse ndi admirer aluso amene amapezeka mu moyo inunso amanyazi.

Pomaliza amakhulupirira kuti ankakonda sabwerera, Shostakovich, amene yonena ndi zogwirizana ndi nyimbo ndi chikondi zokumana nazo, m'chaka chomwecho, anakwatira Nina Varzar - wophunzira wamng'ono, amene anakhalako zaka zoposa 20. Mkazi amene anamupatsa ana awiri, molimba mtima chitsogolo kupyola zaka zonse izi, masewera mwamuna akazi ena, kusakhulupirira opatsidwa nafa pamaso pa mkazi wake wokondedwa.

Atamwalira Nina Shostakovich, kanthawi yonena amene ali otchuka angapo mwaluso ndi ntchito kuti akonze banja kawiri: Margarita Kayonovoy ndi Irina Supinskoy. Against maziko a milandu mtima Dmitri sanasiye kuchita, koma pa ubwenzi ndi nyimbo iye anachita zinthu mosazengereza kwambiri.

Pa mafunde a boma maganizo

Mu 1934, sewero la "Dona wa Mtsensk" anali ankachitika ku Leningrad, nthawi yomweyo anavomera omvera pa "hurray". Komabe, patapita nyengo theka linakhalapo tinali kuopsezedwa: ntchito nyimbo atadzudzulidwa kwambiri boma la Soviet ndi inachotsedwa repertoire a. The kuyamba wa Shostakovich a Symphony Chachinayi, yodziwika ndi sikelo aakulu mosiyana ndi anthu m'mbuyomu, amayenera kutenga malo mu 1936. Chifukwa zinthu wosakhazikika pa dziko ndi nkani mtima wa oimira mphamvu ya boma kuti zilandiridwenso anthu, ntchito yoyamba ya ntchito nyimbo anatenga malo okha mu 1961. 5 Symphony linatulutsidwa mu 1937. Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anayamba Shostakovich 7 Symphony - "Leningrad", choyamba anachita March 5, 1942.

Kuyambira 1943 mpaka mu 1948, Shostakovich ankachita nawo kuphunzitsa pa Moscow Conservatory wa Moscow, kumene kenako anagwidwa ukapolo ndi boma Stalin osasunthika "kukhazikitsa bata" mu analemba Union, chifukwa wosadziŵa. Wotchedwa Dmitry anamasulidwa nthawi "Chabwino" mankhwala opulumutsidwa udindo wake. Komanso Wolemba chikuyembekezeka kulowa chipani (analimbikitsa), komanso mavuto ena ambiri amene anali nakobe akuluakulu kuposa ulemu.

Zaka zomalizira za Shostakovich, amene yonena amaphunzira ndi chidwi ndi mafani ambiri nyimbo, kudwala kwambiri, akudwala khansa ya m'mapapo. Zilibe kukhala Wolemba mu 1975. phulusa lake anakwiriridwa Novodevichy manda ku Moscow.

Today ntchito ndi Shostakovich, kutchula ndi kutchulidwa mkati sewero anthu, kufalitsa ndi amafotokoza yakusanyika pikulu maganizo - kwambiri executable lonse. Ambiri Motero - Chachisanu ndi Eighth nthetemya fifitini analemba. Kuyambira zamitundumitundu chingwe, amenenso khumi ndi ambiri anakwaniritsidwa chitatu ndi cisanu.