Games Olympic ku Moscow mu 1980: kutsegula ndi miyambo kutseka. The zotsatira za Olympiad

Mu 2017 m'pamene zaka 37 kuyambira Soviet Union anatenga dziko lawo Olympic. Mu Moscow ndi chochitika padziko lonse anachititsa kumveka lonse. July 19, 1980 pa 16 m'mawa Moscow nthawi pa chikuni kusitediyamu latsopano "Luzhniki" adawomba bwino kuti Muscovites ndi anthu a m'mayiko ena awombe. Mavoti oponyedwa chimes wa Spassky Tower. Kumbuyo kwake okamba "moyo": otchuka nyimbo chikondwerero Overture Dmitri Shostakovich anautsa maganizo a anthu. Choncho anali akadandaule zizindikiro chiyambi cha mwambo kutsegula kwa XXII Chilimwe Games.

Maraya, togas, magaleta

Mwambo lalikulu, zovuta mpikisano masewera inayambira Ancient Greece. Kuchokera 776 BC. e. la 394 AD. e. Olympia malo opatulika zinachitika 293 zofunika kwambiri Agiriki dziko madyerero. Modern kupitiriza kwa njira wabwino zikomo zotheka kuyamba wa ku France, anali adadziwa mu mochedwa XIX ntchito chakuya chikhalidwe. dzina lake - Per De Kuberten. Loyamba pamene resumption la masewera yotentha inachitika ku Athens ku April 1896. Kenako unachitikira pafupipafupi zaka zinayi, kupatula nthawi ya cataclysms lonse. Iwo anadikira mu mapiko ndi XXII Games Olympic. Mu Moscow, ndi Glee waima 19 July 1980 pa chachikulu "Luzhniki" kusitediyamu m'bwalomo anabwera "Agiriki akale": mophweka atsikana ndi anyamata mu togas ndi malaya.

Iwo anali limodzi ndi "lakale" galeta awiri mawiro kukokedwa ndi mahatchi anayi. Ichi chinali msonkho kwa dziko wakale wa Hellas, mzimu wamuyaya wa Olympic. Akuti pa mwambo kutsegula (ndi kutseka) mbali ya kanthu panali khalani East. Zipewa, kuvala shati, mbendera m'manja mwa odzipereka inakhazikitsidwa mu zojambula thematic, nthawi zina zovuta kwambiri (chiwembu 174).

The ndondomeko ya moyo "kupenta" ankawoneka ngati mafunde a m'nyanja: mafunde anagubuduza ndi anabwerera, kupanga maphunziro a Athens, boma la Russia, Union chizindikiro, mascot chozizwitsa chikuchitika. Moscow 1980 kwambiri zinasintha. Apeza anali ndi nthawi yosangalatsa, amene dziko anali zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi yaitali. chakuti Soviet Union akhala akuchita yaikulu chochitika zamasewera, inali kudziŵika mu 1974. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chifukwa cha nkhani mtengo ufulu kulandira kumenyana mizinda iwiri yokha: Moscow ndi Los Angeles (USA). Iwo amati mzinda wa Montreal (Canada), lomwe ndinkakhala nalo ndi XXI Chilimwe Games, kutuluka ngongole zoposa zaka makumi atatu!

Mwachidule za ophiphiritsa a

Voti lomaliza linasonyeza kuti anapambana "likulu wanga wokondedwa, golide Moscow wanga ...". Mutu wa boma, Leonid Brezhnev, kukayikira: Kodi Moscow Olympic, kaya kupita pa ndalama zimenezi, n'kosavuta kulipira ndalama zochepa chilango ndi kusuntha "ndi"? Tinaganiza osaleka: masewera - chizindikiro cha mtendere. Ndipo Soviet Union wakhala analimbikitsa kuti kuonetsetsa kuti mfuti zinali chete, ayezi "ozizira" nkhondo pakati pa maufumu awiri akuluakulu - Soviet Union ndi United States - zitasungunuka. Pa ntchito yomanga maofesi wapadera inayamba mu 1976.

Pa nthawi yomweyo anali kuonetsetsa kuti anaonekera oyenera mascots Olympic. The presenter 1977th wa "M'dziko nyama," Vasily Peskov, anapereka amaonetsa kusankha nyama amene fano idzakhala maziko a item matsenga kuti akhoza tcheru anthu onse, adzakhala ankakonda anthu. peresenti makumi asanu ndi atatu amene anafunsidwa ndi anakuvoterani chimbalangondo. Iye anapereka njira kwa n'kukhutira ofuna monga kavalo, galu, njati, mphalapala, njuchi, mphungu, tambala.

Iwo anapatsidwa u mpikisano Onse-Union kwa fano bwino zosamveka. Forward anathyola moseketsa chimbalangondo ndi lamba wa mphete Olympic, analengedwa ndi wojambula Viktorom Chizhikovym. Kenako wokongola Misha kwenikweni kuwakonda ndi kulowezedwa dziko lonse. Mlembi wa khalidwe lina zochuluka zimene zingapindulitse Olimpiki 80 (silhouette a boma la Russia ndi Spassky Tower, Uwerenge m'mabande mtanda dziko, aposa ndi nyenyezi zisanu zisonga) anali wophunzira wa Stroganov School Vladimir Arsent'ev. Zonsezi ndi zinthu zina zambiri zikhoza wachinsinsi monga mphindi zosangalatsa kukonzekera. Palibe kapena ena, kuphatikizapo a chikhalidwe ndale.

Kunyanyala wa sikisite

Kusanachitike chilimwe, pamene boma la Soviet Union kuyembekezera Moscow Olympic, anapempha boma Afghanstan, asilikali a Soviet analowa mchenga dziko ndi ovuta zolusa (1979). Pomwepo anatsatira masitepe awa (anthu akukhulupirira kuti iwo ali chinachake chofanana kwa zionetsero panopa ndi ziletso): pulezidenti US Dzhimmi Karter anatuluka kwambiri chifukwa kumayambiriro ziletso pa za chuma ndi kunyanyala kwa Games Olympic. Kuitana kuti asokoneze mwambowo anali kulimbikitsa 65 States, pakati pawo - Monaco, Liechtenstein, Somalia ndi ena.

Pa kutsegula kwa Games Olympic anafika m'mayiko twente-foro mu Africa amene mosamala anavomera. Komiti kukonza mayiko sanawaitane Iran, komwe ulimi wamwalira pansi posachedwapa. Mlembi-General UN Kurt Waldheim (Austria) analankhula poyera mawu izo zimatanthauza chinachake monga: "Mapazi anga phanga zokomera sadzatero." Sindizo zonse. Panali mavuto ndi mayendedwe a zomangamanga zomangamanga. Mu March 1980, "ankaona - misozi": wokonzeka kulandira zaka 56 kuchokera ntchito 97 wopita.

Sitediyamu yaikulu "Luzhniki", kupalasa ngalande mu Krylatskoye, Ostankino TV-wailesi anadutsa mwezi musanatsegule ndi! Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ndege "Sheremetyevo" mayiko Trade Center pa Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, "Cosmos" hotelo nthawizonse zakhala ziri. Koma iwo ali omangidwa zaka 37 zapitazo, chifukwa kwa ife kupyolera mu mkuntho ndi zopinga adani mofulumira Olympic 80.

N'zochititsa chidwi njira Moscow, wotchuka Greek moto. Kulandirana othamanga, cholinga kalatayo kwa kopita kwake, anayamba mwezi musanatsegule ndi, June 19, 1980. Muuni anayatsa paphiri la Olympus. Nthawi yaitali "wansembe", alandira ndi transmits lawi Olympic (1980 anali nazonso - waukulu khalidwe zochita anali odziwika Ammayi Maria Moskoliu) opangidwa kachisi ntchito galasi concave (mandala). Kutentha Sun n'kukhala ndi lawi lotsegula, anapereka lawi wophunzira University of Athens Atanasisu Kozmopolusu.

Baton othamanga, cholinga kusonyeza moni kwa kuyatsa Greece, akuonetsedwa zikwi za anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso mayiko. Hot, ndi pa yomweyo izidzawetedwa, iye bwinobwino anagonjetsa makilomita ya 5000.

Zimene

Ngati ambiri a mwachizolowezi linagwedezeka kwa bottoms wa Games Olympic! Mu Moscow, mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku Ulaya, mabenchi kanthu Arenas ogwirizana. Komabe, si onse osavuta: aliyense sanayitanidwepo ndi amene anatiitana - si onse amene analabadira! Tiyeni tione ichi ndi mayesero ena.

Oonera. Monga amadziwika, akuyima lalikulu masewera m'bwalomo "Luzhniki" mu tsiku kutsegula masewera akhala thothotho (mphamvu anthu 103 zikwi). Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti kutero sizinali zophweka: alendo ambiri wadutsa (kapena kugula) chikalata yopemphera kusitediyamu. Okonza anaganiza ndipo anagulitsa matikiti kwa masenti 30 kuti nzika amene akufuna dziko lawo (kumene, mu circumvention wa IOC). Chirichonse chinapita komanso zotheka: yodzaza kusitediyamu bingu, "ngati chivomezi anabwera yoweyula!"

"Othandizira". Nthawi zina zikuoneka kuti mfundo izi anabweretsa mawu athu ndi Games Olympic mu Moscow. 1980 chaka wolonjezedwa kukolola olemera pa "matanthauzo ake" a ndalama. Amalonjeza mapiri a golide mu mawonekedwe a chipukuta misozi cha ndalama za bungwe masewera. Chifukwa cha kunyanyala kwa ena "chinthu chifunga", ena yafupika ndalama. Malinga ndi Maulendo mutu wa akhazikitsidwe Committee Ignatiya Novikova kwathunthu anasunga lonjezo lake yekha mwamphamvu "Adidas" (Germany). Rumor ali kuti "firmachi" anakwiya kwambiri kuona mmene zazikulu dzina mpira player Sergei Belov, amene anali wodalirika kuyatsa moto wa XXII Olympiad, akuthamangira kwa mbale wa utoto mpikisano matabwa zamasewera. The sportsman anafotokoza zimenezi msewu pamwamba poterera kuti ntchito spiked nsapato.

Masitolo. Kodi mbiri ambiri spawned Chilimwe Games Olympic! Moscow (ndi lonse la USSR) mu 1970 sanapite njala mankhwala sanali amasiyana "capitalist zosiyanasiyana," koma anali zachilengedwe, losavuta zothandiza. Ena anadandaula kuti ngakhale chingamu (iye amaona zoipa). Anapanga kwa zolakwa za. Nzika majeremusi, zidakwa ndi anthu ena wosadalirika anapita kwa zana ndi woyamba kilometre wa Moscow, kuti kusokoneza chonse chithunzi phwando.

Weather. Chifukwa chinamasulidwa mu July 80 Olympic? USSR - yaikulu dziko, kukuchitika kudzera mabacteria ambiri nyengo. Mu likulu, kumene mvula kawirikawiri, masiku ambiri dzuwa pakati chilimwe. Yowerengera wolungama.

Moni kwa danga

maminiti makumi anai asanabwere Brezhnev, kunyalanyaza lamulo la Pulezidenti Carter tikweze mbendera ya America, American Dan Patterson (21) anapezerapo mbendera US. Iwo amanena kuti iye ndi wake countryman 88 wazaka Nick Paulo anamva chisoni kuti masewera adzakhala othamanga dziko lawo. Phwando la sichinachepe. Ndime anayamba othamanga pa nthumwi Greek, anamaliza - kuchoka mu Soviet Union.

Pakati pa iwo anayenda amithenga 16 magulu national: Andorra, Australia, Belgium, Britain, Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Puerto Rico, San Marino, Switzerland. Iwo angatchedwe nyimbo Internazionale Games Olympic.

Mu Moscow m'bwalolo "Luzhniki" pa mwambowu, ophunzira pa nthawi yomweyo anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga 5000 nkhunda. Gwiritsani ntchito mbalame kuti atulukira ofanana yoletsedwa pambuyo ngozi zoopsa. Mu 1988, ku Seoul, mbalameyo inawuluka ndipo adakhala m'mphepete mwa chikho. miyoyo osauka anatentha pamene moto unabuka wa Olympic. Angamvetse izi ndani kuti moyo Olympic mascots kufa kupusa?

Koma ku nkhani. M'masiku July dziko lonse ndinawapanikiza ndi spacecraft "Soyuz 35" ndi cosmonaut Valeriem Ryuminym ndi Leonidom Popovym pa bolodi. moni kwa ophunzira ndi omvera zimaonekera pa zenera chachikulu. Ndi Ambuye Maykl Killanin, Pulezidenti wa IOC (International Olympic Committee). Palibe anadziŵa kuti atatsala pang'ono Olympic Mwamunayu anatsanzika. Iye anapereka pansi moni Leonid Brezhnev. General Mlembi wa Komiti chapakati cha Party Communist Soviet Union analengeza Games Olympic kutsegula mu Moscow.

Zinali pambuyo mawu ake gulu la onyamula anawamasulira Olympic mbendera ndi akatswiri makumi awiri akhala pafupi, atagwira nkhunda zoyera. World mbalame anali kuuluka mu Moscow kumwamba pambuyo mbendera kuukitsidwa, madzulo a kubwera kwa muuni Olympic m'bwalo. Ndinatuluka wothamanga Viktor Saneev. Ndinathamanga ndi muuni pa matayala, kumapanga mtundu wa chigonjetso pamiyendo, napatsa wapatali katundu ngwazi za 1972 Games Olympic SERGEY Belov. Wothamanga wamtali (190 cm) ngati "anaulukira" pa sitimayo pa mafunde nyanja pomwe anthu kuti kapu kuti ceremoniously kuyatsa lawi Olympic.

zolembedwa zonse za maina anu proudest

Zovina anthu a Soviet Union, acrobatics - anali kupambana kwa ubwino ndi mtendere, chipambane kukongola ndi mphamvu ya USSR, amene anadza masiku yomangika ya mpikisano. Zotsatira Mpikisanowo ali motere. USSR timu anapambana 80 golide, 69 siliva ndi 46 mendulo mkuwa, athana zosavomerezeka timu kuwerengedwa. Nawa mayina a anthu otchuka a Viktor Krovopuskov (kuchinga), Yuriy Sedykh (nyundo kuponya), Alexander Starostin (pentathlon amakono), Tatiana Kazankin (wothamanga), Alexander Melent'ev (mivi), Nellie Kim (masewerayu).

Wosambira Vladimir Salnikov atangokhala zitatu nthawi Olympic ngwazi m'mbiri ya masewera Soviet. Alexander Dityatin anazindikira ngati katswiri wa masewera chabe mu dziko, kukhala Mendulo mu Zochita onse, amene ayesedwa ndi oweruza. Ndipo si nusu ya kupambana mwa akatswiri Soviet. Iwo anatenga "golide" pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mpikisano, kuphatikizapo volebo, Polo madzi, mpira. (Football, nkhonya ndi kupalasa kumanzere kwambiri wolakalakika).

Mwa njira, atatu nthawi Olympic akatswiri mayina Rica Reinisch, Barbara Krause, Karen Mechuk (kusambira, GDR), Parfenovich (kayaker, USSR). (! Pa zaka 28) Mwamunayu masewero olimbitsa Nikolay Andrianov anatsimikizira: "Ndani akufuna adzachita" - ndipo anapambana ziwiri zagolide, ziwiri siliva ndi chimodzi Mendulo zamkuwa. Yemweyo ulemu kunyumba mphoto mu German Democratic Republic, Inessa Dirs (kusambira).

Aliyense wamva linali dzina la masewerayu Nadia Comaneci (Komenech) Romania (2 golide, 2 mendulo siliva). Iye anachita patapita choipa aakulu kumbuyo, kusonyeza chitsanzo cha khama ndiponso kulimba mtima. The awiri "golide" ndi chimodzi "siliva" anali gymnasts Elena Davydova, Aleksandra Tkacheva, Sergei Koplyakova kusambira. Wolemekezeka Natalia Shaposhnikova (awiri mendulo golide ndi ziwiri zamkuwa).

Otsutsa ayesetsa "awuwuze" zotsatira, kukangana kuti Olympiad unachitikira pakalibe Otsutsa amphamvu ochokera m'mayiko boycotting chochitika. Koma palibe, mbaliyo onse anali asaphedwe ndi chidwi. Mphamvu ya kulimbana kupita zakutchire. 74 timva Olympic m'gulu 36 kuposa dziko. Dziko ndipo dziko kumbukirani 1980 zabwino. Games Olympic mu Moscow, Soviet impregnated ndi mzimu wa kufanana ndi fraternity, kudzakhala kuposa kale.

Ola anatsanzikana

Nthawiyi, kutsekera yomaliza ya Games Olympic. Mwambo zinachitika pa August 3, 1980. Pamaseŵero ndi othamanga ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, mafani akhala chachikulu banja limodzi. Zinali zoonekeratu: maluso anthu kwambiri. Kulinga pa mtendere kupambana masewero anawononga zotchinga zinenero ndale. Pa hafu pasiti faifi madzulo adawomba uthenga umene mpikisano pulogalamu ya Games bwinobwino.

Last ya mphoto ankaimba mwini masewera Kukwera Akavalo. The chifukwa wonse wa XXII Chilimwe Games Olympic anali motere: malo oyamba - Soviet Union (195 mphoto, kuphatikizapo RSFSR - 56, Chiyukireniya SSR, -48, -19, Byelorussian SSR, ndi Chimoludaviyani Soviet -1). The chachiwiri - German Democratic Republic (126 mphoto), lachitatu - Bulgaria (41 mendulo). Mu maola 19 Mphindi 30 anayamba phwando la chimwemwe ndi chisoni: kutsogolo kwa zikwi oonera Olympic 80 anakhala mbiri.

Kachiwiri tikulephera nsanja. Aunika m'bwalomo iridescent. Bingu fanfare. Aliyense ankaganiza: Kodi anali womaliza moni kupereka Olympic mu Moscow? Mu 1980, izo zinkawoneka, anathera naye. Chapakati Lodge allocated kwa eni mkulu wa dziko - Yuri Andropov, Grishin, A. Kirilenko, Kosygin, Mikhail Gorbachev (Leonid Brezhnev panthawi imeneyo anali patchuthi), ndi alendo ena olemekezeka. Killanin ankati pochitika pa utsogoleri wa Juan Antonio Samaranch.

popanda pyrotechnics

The choonetsedwa wa perete mwa akatswiri. Onyamula adatuluka, ndiye othamanga ndi. ndime si ogaŵikana mayiko ndi anthu. Pa flagpoles anawulukira Greek ndi Soviet mbendera. nyimbo m'mayiko amenewa akwaniritsidwa. Malinga ndi malamulo a mwambo wotsekera, ife tinali kulera mbendera ya United States, pamene iwo anali pochitika chilimwe masewera mu 1984. Koma pa msinkhu wa "ozizira" nkhondo adakambirana ndi anakweza mbendera ya mzinda wa Los Angeles. Ambuye Killanin analengeza Games Olympic kutsekedwa.

Mutu kufalitsa IOC analimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterozo monga njira za matchalitchi ndale. Pa maola 20 Mphindi 10 othamanga (8 anthu) analengeza ataphwetsedwa Olympic mbendera. The moto mu mphaka, anabadwa mu Olympia, anayamba adzafota. kasanu analiza sawatcha. Ambiri oonera mu maguwa anali kulira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba sitediyamu scoreboard anasonyeza Musagonje Mphindi, masekondi, meters, ndi zina zachilendo kuonerera mafilimu a kanema. Anthu adaona kanthawi filimu kumene mphindi yowala kuchitikanso. Ndipo pamene anali Olympic Mishka? The nyimbo za iye kufalitsa padziko lonse lapansi!

Ndipo pano izo zifika, nthawi yomaliza. Wrestlers, gymnasts, osambira, onse rounders-, othamanga ndi ngwazi zina za m'chilimwe Olympic mu Moscow anasiya m'bwalomo. The oonera anali mu maguwa. Zinaoneka ngati yomwe inali pafupi chinsinsi - mitundu wothwanima wa bwanji Iosifa Tumanova - anatanthauza yekha kwa iwo - wokhulupirika, mokweza mtima. Panthawi imeneyi, masewera ndi luso ndi ophatikizidwa. madzulo anasankhidwa osati mwangozi: pamene kutuluka tsiku, kutembenukira danga ku maziko chachinsinsi kwa aulemerero amasonyeza kuwala. Pyrotechnics ali sanakonzekere.

acrobatic

Kuwala muffled, izo inadutsa kachiwiri, kanthu akupitiriza! Pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti othamanga amusiya kuti abwerere! The oonera amene anali atangobwera anaonera zisudzo magulu kuvina, anawona ngati acrobats zamphamvu dziko, Europe, USSR anagwirizana othamanga, pamodzi kuchita Zochita ndi mpango riboni. Anthu amene analipo pa kutseka amasonyeza: sikutheka kuiwala mmene m'bwalolo wakula ndi maluwa duwa zodabwitsa kusintha, matupi wabwino!

Pa nthawi iyi, mu malo pansi maguwa languished Nyamuliranani. A zikuluzikulu, okonzeka 'avule "chidole anafunika deflate ndipo zingakweze kachiwiri: zilibe kudali kukula chute, kutsogolera mu bwaloli. Ngakhale luso nkhani anathana, bwanji ndinapitirira. Gofu wakhala yaikulu m'dera ya zikondwerero Russian wowerengeka. Kukuzungulira kuvina, zinamveka rollicking accordion, balalaika. Osati popanda zidole yaikulu kukaikira mazira. Iwo anagwidwa ndi galimoto.

Monga nthano kukula birches, chinayandama woyera swans - luso maziko analengedwa nthandala amuna zikwi zisanu, zida ndi zipangizo akuda. zithunzi motsatizana anali oposa zana ndi makumi asanu! Enviable Mgwirizano! Kulephera anali anaona. Pomaliza kunabwera Nyamuliranani. Pakuti pamene iye anali kusambira mu sitediyamu imene gulu thandizo.

nkhalango enchanted pa Mpheta Hills

Pamene iwo anapambana chalice lawilawi, chithumwa anakhala kutsanzikana akukupiza yoteroyo nthandala, omwe udali phokoso: Misha lowoneka inali nthawi kupita ku nkhalango Fairy-nthano. Awa ndi mawu a nyimbo, amakonda amene anasiya "Luzhniki". Iye anawulukira, malinga ndi dongosolo, kudzuka ku mamita atatu ndi hafu mkulu, anayamba kuchoka kusitediyamu ndi mbale, pansi pa maso ndimitambo ndi misozi amaonetsa.

Kutseka zinachitika. Kusiya olankhulira, ena mafani ndithu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza kumene toed bwanawe dziko. Panali anthu amene sanafune kusiya kukhulupirira zotsatira chikondi. Kwa iwo chithumwa lero amakhala spruce matsenga kutali (kapena pafupi?) Kuchokera Moscow. Mudzi Olympic anali pachimake usiku kutsanzikana, chiyembekeza misonkhano latsopano, akulonjeza tisaiwale mzake. A zabwino mphira chirombo tidakocheza pa Mpheta Hills, anatengedwa ndi kufufuza adalira ndipo anatumizidwa ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu.

Ndipo unakhalabe "chinsinsi cha m'ma" ndi zovuta Olympic Nyamuliranani. Nyimbo inatha ndi khalidwe pa Mpheta Hills. Apo iye anali anatola, nachibisa mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu wina. Iwo amati ogula ku Germany West kwa nthawi yaitali, anayesetsa akuluakulu kukagulitsa iwo dzulo chithumwa cha ndalama. Koma kugula ndi kugulitsa si unachitikira.

Misha anali Mphindi ina ulemerero. Iye anasonyeza pa hema pa chionetsero cha zipambano Economic. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, posachedwapa adzathetsa nthano. Pamalo yosungirako mu chapansi a Komiti ya mbewa wake anawonongedwa ndi makoswe Olympic. Koma mascot anakhalabe kukumbukira anthu. Pamene iye Olympic 80.