Ganglia - ndichiyani ndi zimene zigwirizana?

Ganglia (ayi - ganglia) - ya maselo wapadera. Amakhala ndi thupi, dendrites ndi axons. Nawonso, ikukhudzana bwanji ndi maselo mitsempha. Komanso ganglia monga Kuthandiza maselo glial. ntchito yawo ndi kulenga kuthandiza manyuroni. Monga ulamuliro, mitsempha ganglia okutidwa minofu connective. masango amenewa akupezeka osati inakhala, komanso ena invertebrates. ganglia inakula kubala zovuta structural kachitidwe. Mwachitsanzo angakhale unyolo dongosolo kapena kuluka. Komanso, nkhani adzakhala anafotokoza zimene ganglia monga mogwirizana kumachitika pakati pawo. Komanso, gulu ndi malongosoledwe a mitundu zazikulu kuchepetsedwa.

inakhala

Ganglia zili mwa anthu amenewa zina zapadera. Choncho iwo adzagwa mwa chapakati mantha dongosolo. Ena amakutcha iwo woyambira ganglia. Komabe, mawuwa kwambiri olondola amawaona kuti "pachimake". dongosolo zigawo zikuluzikulu mantha ndi kuti apange, ndi zinthu kulumikiza pakati pa zigawo ya ubongo. nyemba awa anadutsa ndi amazilamulira ntchito ziwalo zina mkati.

Gawo

ganglia onse anawagawa mitundu yambiri. Taganizirani zofunika kwambiri. Mawu akuti "msana ganglion" Chili chipangizo (afferent) zinthu. Mtundu chachiwiri - kudziona munali zinthu. Iwo anakonza mu ziwalo (autonomic) mantha dongosolo. The view chachikulu - woyambira. zigawo zawo ndi mfundo ubongo kuti ali kanthu woyera. Iwo uli mu ubongo. Ntchito ya manyuroni ndi zonse thupi ntchito zina, komanso thandizo ku kukhazikitsa njira mantha. Palinso mtundu vegetative. Bwaloli ndi limodzi misempha mfundo. mchitidwe amenewa amanena za mantha dongosolo autonomic. mfundo izi kuthamanga pamodzi msana. ganglia Autonomic ang'ono kwambiri. kukula zochepa kusiyana millimeter, ndipo mwachinsinsi kwambiri ndi nandolo. Chinthu cha ganglia autonomic ndi lamulo kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo mkati ndi kugawa zimachitika.

Yerekezerani ndi mawu akuti "plexus"

mabuku Nthawi zambiri mawu akuti "plexus". Angathe kumwedwa ponena kuti mawu akuti "ganglion". Komabe plexus otchedwa ganglia yeniyeni. Iwo alipo mu muyezo winawake pa malo chatsekedwa. A ganglion - malo olowa a ojambula synaptic.

mantha dongosolo

Kuchokera kaonedwe ka thunthu ndi awiri a mtundu wake. The woyamba amatchedwa chapakati mantha dongosolo. Zikuphatikizapo ubongo ndi msana. Mtundu yachiwiri ndi ya mfundo, molekezera mitsempha ndi mitsempha okha. Uku amatchedwa zotumphukira mantha dongosolo.

mantha dongosolo kupanga ubongo chubu ndi ganglion mbale. Ndi mbali yoyamba ya Chibade komanso ubongo kuchokera ku ziwalo kwenikweni kwa dera thunthu - pa msana. Ganglion mbale imagwiritsidwa msana, zigawo autonomic ndi minofu chromaffin. Mantha minofu alipo monga mawu a dongosolo lolamulira njira ya thupi ziwalo.

mwachidule

Ganglia - kuyanjana kwa maselo mitsempha, kupitirira malire a chapakati mantha dongosolo. Pali vegetative ndi mitundu tcheru. Yotsirizira ili pafupi mizu ya chingwe msana ndi misempha cranial. Mawonekedwe a unit msana akufanana spindle. Iye wazunguliridwa ndi chipolopolo minofu connective. Komanso akulowa mfundo yokha, pamene atanyamula magazi chotengera. Maselo mitsempha khamu msana, yowala ndi lalikulu kukula, ndi mtima ndi mosavuta distinguishable. Manyuroni m'magulu. The zigawo zikuluzikulu za msana pakati mfundo ndi ndondomeko ya maselo mitsempha ndi interlayer endoneurium. Njira dendrites kuyamba-tcheru woyendera nthambi mu misempha msana, ndi kutsirizitsa mu gawo zotumphukira, kumene iwo ali ndi maselo. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi kusintha kwa manyuroni ochititsa kuti mu psevdounipolyarnye. Izi zidzachitika kusasitsa awo. Kuyambira psevdounipolyarnogo minyewa kunja ndondomeko, entwine selo. Iye delimited ndi afferent, amatchedwanso "dendritic" ndi efferent, kapena - axonal, gawo.

Dendrites ndi axons

nyumba izi TACHIMATA ndi myelin m'chimake, zigawo amene ali neyrolemmotsity. Maselo mitsempha ya msana maselo msonkhano oligodendroglial anazungulira ndi mayina monga maselo glia chovala, maselo ndi sodium glia ndi maselo Kanema. zinthu izi ndi ochepa mtima chonse. Komanso, mthunzi paliponse maselo amenewa kuchokera connective minofu kapisozi. zigawo zake zimasiyana mtima zina chowulungika. wothandizila biologically yogwira ali maselo mitsempha ya msana malo, acetylcholine, asidi glutamic, P. mankhwala

Vegetative kapena dongosolo standalone

ganglia Autonomous zili ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Choyamba, pafupi msana (pali nyumba paravertebral). Kachiwiri, pamaso pa msana (prevertebral). Komanso, kuima-yekha mayunitsi ndi nthawi zina zopezeka mu makoma a ziwalo. Mwachitsanzo, mtima, bronchi ndi chikhodzodzo. ganglia zimenezi zimatchedwa intramural. mtundu wina uli pafupi ndi pamwamba pa ziwalo. Ndi mabungwe yoyenda yokha chikugwirizana preganglionic ulusi mitsempha. Ali zokhudzana wa chapakati dongosolo manyuroni mantha. masango Vegetative anawagawa mitundu iwiri: chifundo ndi parasympathetic. Pafupifupi onse ziwalo kulandira ulusi postganglionic anapangidwa kuchokera maselo akhoza kupezeka mu mitundu onse a nyumba vegetative. Koma Impact kuti manyuroni amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa masango. Choncho kanthu wachifundo angalimbitse mtima, pamene parasympathetic kubweza izo.

kapangidwe

Kaya mtundu dongosolo yoyenda yokha mfundo ndi pafupifupi ofanana. Aliyense dongosolo chimakwirira connective minofu m'chimake. The vegetative mfundo, pali manyuroni wapadera wotchedwa "multipolar". Iwo kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe zachilendo, ndipo malo phata la. Pali manyuroni ndi mitima angapo maselo ndi chiwerengero kuchuluka DNA. maselo ubongo ndi njira zawo encapsulated, zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe ali ilili glial maselo. Iwo amatchedwa glial chofunda. Pa pamwamba wosanjikiza nembanemba chipolopolo wazunguliridwa ndi minofu connective.

kapangidwe intramural

Izi manyuroni pamodzi ndi njira conductive akhoza kukhala gawo metasympathetic wa mantha dongosolo autonomic. Malinga histologist Dogel pakati pa mitundu intramural nyumba amadziŵika mitundu itatu ya maselo. Zoyambazo monga dlinnoaksonnye zinthu efferent ine kutayipa. Maselo amenewa ali manyuroni lalikulu amene dendrites yaitali ndi waufupi axon. Pakuti ravnootroschatyh afferent chigawo mitsempha amakhala ndi nthawi ndi dendrites ndi axon. A associative manyuroni cholukanalukana maselo a mitundu iwiri yoyambirira.

Dongosolo zotumphukira

Ntchito mauthenga kupereka kulankhulana kwa malo msana mitsempha ya ubongo ndiponso mitsempha nyumba. Zochitika za dongosolo kucheza kudzera mwa minofu connective. malo mitsempha - ndi malo udindo processing zambiri. Pafupifupi onse nyumba ankaona zigwirizana ulusi onse afferent, ndi efferent lapansi. Ikani ulusi, umene kwenikweni, mitsempha, kodi muli osati nyumba kuti ndiotetezedwa ndi electrically chimateteza myelin m'chimake. Iwo ali pano ndi iwo za "chivundikiro" alibe. Komanso, wosanjikiza mitsempha CHIKWANGWANI anasiyanitsidwa ndi minofu connective. Iwo kusiyana ndi looseness ndi fibrous. Dzina izi endoneurium wosanjikiza. Lili pang'ono maselo, mbali yaikulu ya ulusi reticular akupanga kolajeni. Mu minofu imeneyi ndi mbale kakang'ono ka magazi. Ena matabwa a ulusi mitsempha wazungulira wosanjikiza wina minofu connective - perineurium. zigawo zake ndi successively anakonza maselo kolajeni ulusi. Kapisozi, enveloping lonse mitsempha thunthu (otchedwa epineurium) anapangidwa kuchokera minofu connective. Iye, nayenso kapangitsa maselo fibroblasts, macrophages ndi mbali mafuta. Lili Mitsempha ku mathero mitsempha.