Dongosolo autonomic mantha ndi makhalidwe ake

Mantha dongosolo la thupi ndi nyama anthu lagawidwa mitundu iwiri - ndi somatic ndi autonomic mantha dongosolo. Somatic mantha dongosolo ali m'manja sadziwa munthu ndi tikhonza kumvera iye, ndipo autonomic mantha dongosolo M'malo mwake, si nkhani kwa anthu, ndipo m'manja mwa anthu mosadziŵa.

dongosolo Somatic amachita ntchito wapawiri. Amalandira zokhudza chilengedwe kudzera mphamvu - monga maso, omwe zolandilira wapadera. Chizindikiro kwa maselo awa agwere pa njira tcheru mu chapakati mantha dongosolo. Komanso dongosolo somatic anatumiza chizindikiro kwa dongosolo chapakati mantha chifukwa njira za galimoto mu minofu chigoba kuchititsa magulu awa.

The autonomic mantha dongosolo - mantha dongosolo ndi dipatimentiyi nthawi mtima kamvekedwe, lymphatic ndi magazi zotengera, ntchito ya zopangitsa exocrine ndi endocrine, komanso ziwalo zonse za mkati.

VNS mumasunga ndi mosalekeza za chilengedwe (homeostasis) m'thupi ndipo amachita dziphunzitsiranso-trophic ntchito. Chifukwa autonomic mantha dongosolo ntchito ya ziwalo ndipo thupi lonse anthu kuti azolowere kusintha kwa chilengedwe kunja ndi amadza chifukwa cha ntchito m'maganizo ndi m'thupi.

The autonomic mantha system (kuima-yekha) lagawidwa pawiri: zotumphukira ndi pakati. The zotumphukira olekanitsidwa ndi mitsempha ulusi mitsempha, ndi nthambi kuti kuyambira malo a dongosolo mu chingwe msana ndi ubongo, plexus wa misempha ndipo ganglia mitsempha (mbali vegetative), wachifundo makungwa, zomwe zigwirizana ganglia ndi kulumikiza misempha ndi nthambi, komanso mbali vegetative a gulu parasympathetic wa Turo ndi.

Chapakati Division VNS ogaŵikana segmental (m'munsi) ndi suprasegmentar (apamwamba) vegetative malo. malo Segmental zili chingwe msana ndi ubongo. malo Suprasegmental Turo kuyang'ana mu kotekisi oziziritsa, makamaka parietal ndi mazunzo Lobe, ubongo olfactory, cerebellum, ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha, nyumba subcortical, ndi zina zotero.

Mantha dongosolo autonomic ali mitundu iwiri - chifundo ndi parasympathetic. Iwo amasiyana dongosolo la effector awo ndi manyuroni chapakati ndi arcs reflex, komanso chikoka chawo pa ntchito ya nyumba ya innervated.

The parasympathetic mantha dongosolo dipatimenti manyuroni chapakati mu chingwe msana ili, mu zigawo zake sacral (2-4 zigawo), koma ambiri a manyuroni awa lili brainstem ndi imasiyana ndi misempha wosanganiza cranial. The wachifundo mantha dongosolo manyuroni chapakati mu chingwe msana zili mu nkhani imvi ya gawo khomo lachiberekero kwa chitatu ndi awiri mphambu zitatu lumbar. misempha Wachifundo kuyambira chingwe msana yekha pa ventral (kutsogolo) misana mbali ya mitsempha msana. Chifukwa mitsempha parasympathetic kutumikira ntchito bronchi, iwo mwapang'ono, misempha wachifundo M'malo mwake, kukuza bronchi.

Mantha dongosolo autonomic ndi udindo ntchito zonse zofunika ndi njira mu thupi, komanso mwina udindo kubereka, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri kubereka ana. Komanso amatipatsa yachibadwa Turo lamulo la kugunda kwa mtima, thupi kutentha, kuthamanga kwa magazi, oyang'anira ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana amuzolengedwa mu thupi. Pa kusintha pang'ono zinthu mkati kapena kunja, dongosolo autonomic akuyamba akulipira ndi kulamulira njira, imene pa nthawi yoyenera kusintha kamvekedwe Mitsempha kulamulira mpweya, yambitsa ntchito maganizo.