Kodi histogram? Histogram mu Photography: Kodi ntchito?

Ambiri ojambula novice akukumana ndi mavuto mu ntchito ya histogram kujambula, ndi ena osaganizira ndizofunikira ntchito. Kodi histogram cha momwe ntchito mu kuchita, akatswiri, ndipo amapereka chithunzi? Kodi bwino kuchepetsa - kudzera kamera yokha kapena kenako mu processing wa chithunzi kudzera mkonzi? Kodi mukudziwa wojambula zithunzi kukhudzana, Mosiyana, kuwala ndi mthunzi ndi mfundo zina zofunika zithunzi? Zambiri za nkhaniyi.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Choncho, histogram - ndichiyani? Nthawi zambiri, zithunzi zina panorama kapena chithunzi, inu kusamutsa zithunzi kompyuta nazizwa chifukwa chake yowala zonse masana iwo afika mdima kwambiri kapena, Tikawonetsetsa yaitali? Kupsa kuwala kwa chifanizirocho chophimba ka kamera "diso" N'zovuta, koma kusintha mlingo akadakwanitsira zotheka. Histogram chithunzi - ichi ndi chida chimene chikusonyeza kufalitsa kuwala ndi mdima malankhulidwe mu chithunzi ndipo zimawathandiza kukwaniritsa yunifolomu kufalitsidwa.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya histograms mu makamera - ndi masinthidwe amtundu yosalala, ndi nsanamira, ndi mtundu ndi mtundu wakuda ndi woyera yopingasa. Wotchuka kwambiri - mu mawonekedwe a belu ndi. Koma mfundo ya kanthu mwa iye ndi chimodzimodzi kwa onse - ndi Zithunzi kusonyeza kuwala kwa fano kwa malankhulidwe mdima wambiri (kumanzere) kuti kuwala (kumanja).

Musanayambe kumvetsetsa mmene kuwerenga histogram kujambula, kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo kuchokera 0 kuti 255, tiyeni tipeze maganizo a ojambula akatswiri ndi kudziwa nokha ngati ndi kwa mafano apamwamba, kapena inu mukhoza kuchita popanda likufuna.

Nkhambakamwa ndi maganizo olakwika ponena za histogram ndi

Pali zambiri mtsutso za ngati kapena ayi kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala ndandanda kapena ayi. Kuti timvetse zimenezi, ife debunk ena nthano za mmene ndi nthawi imene ntchito histogram wa kamera.

• ojambula Professional kudziwa bwino kuwala ndi mthunzi "ndi diso", m'malo modalira purosesa kamera.
• Malinga ndi mlingo wa kamera alisonyeza deta ikhoza kukhala zolakwika.
• Photo suyenera kukhala mwangwiro zinatha malinga, nthawi zina pakhungu kapena asiyane ndi mbali ya maganizo a kulenga.
• Photo Histogram, kawirikawiri ntchito popanga utoto kujambula.
• Akatswiri zambiri kudalira processing mafano yaiwisi mu Adobe Photoshop pulogalamu, Adobe Lightroom ndi ena correctors ena.

Mogwirizana ndi maganizo pa ntchito chintchito anawagawa "chifukwa" ndi "kutsutsa."

Opinion "ndi"

Akatswiri ndi diso ankachita kawirikawiri ntchito ndandanda ili ngati ndi nthawi yambiri ndipo sikuti kungathandize kuti mukufuna. Pakuti woyamba ndi amachitira izo zovuta kupita kuwerenga ndi kumvetsetsa zimene malangizo kusintha mtengo wa metering wa Komanso, ena mfundo olakwika pamene zithunzi zovuta kudzudzulidwa, ngakhale kudzudzulidwa zina.

Osati zonse makamera, yekha katswiri akhoza kupereka chofunika kwambiri zolondola kuwala ndi mthunzi, koma iwo akhoza kukhala wolakwa. Kenako adzakhala ndi kusintha chithunzi akonzi Photoshop ndi Lightroom, choncho ntchito ndi histogram yekha kutenga nthawi wapatali.

Opinion "kwa"

Kodi phindu kwa anthu amene mukudziwa chimene histogram chiyani?

• Ngakhale ngati ndinu katswiri wojambula zithunzi, ndi Mwachidule chachiwiri pa tchati angakuuzeni wolemera bwanji chithunzi mawu a malankhulidwe kusintha lapansi. Makamaka makamera ambiri digito inu mukhoza kubweretsa izo pa kuwonetsera ndi kuyang'anitsitsa, osati kuyang'ana kwa ndondomeko kulenga.
• Ngati kuwombera si mu chipinda (mwachitsanzo, bwino anayatsa situdiyo), ndipo pa tsiku dzuwa pabwalopo, wojambula zithunzi kudzakhala kovuta mwachikulu amayang'anitsitsa chithunzi pa zenera, kuti ali. Kwa Iye akhoza kuwala ndi kusonyeza maanga ndi zambiri chinazilala kuposa iwo kwenikweni. . Usiku nyengo M'malo mwake, fano kungakhale N'lopusitsa yowala. Komanso pa zenera zovuta kuvomereza ndi lolondola wakuda ndi woyera ndipo si zosavuta kuzindikira ziti akhala "kuphedwa" Mosiyana. Ndi bwino kuti agwirizane ndi okhwima ziyenera chida - ndi histogram kujambula.
• Nthawi zina kamera akhoza anasankha ntchito histogram, izo zikusonyeza m'lifupi mwa uthunthu zazikulu, mwachitsanzo. E. Kodi mitundu yambiri imachititsa kamera pa kuwombera. Izo Sizotheka pamene kugula kamera kutenga chithunzi posonyeza kuti mitundu yonse ku muyezo osiyanasiyana 0-255.

Kulonga n'cigwagwa, dziwani kuti ndi histogram kujambula, momwe ntchito (Mavalidwewa) si nthawi zonse zofunikira, koma kwambiri zambiri, chifukwa pali milandu kumene popanda kudziwa izi sangachite. Choncho tiyeni kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kutsatira.

Kodi kuwerenga histogram

Choncho, kodi histogram mu kamera, ndipo chifukwa chake chofunika, kumene. Zowoneka izo zikuwoneka ngati Zithunzi. Pa olamulira yopingasa kuchokera kumanzere kupita mithunzi lamanja ndi wakuda (mdima) ndi halftone (pakati mithunzi ya kuwala) ndi woyera (owala). Olamulira ofukula akusonyeza nambala ya pixels aliyense mthunzi pa chithunzichi. Chifukwa, ife mipiringidzo ochepa a pamwamba osiyana, ndi apamwamba bala, m'pamenenso wa kuwala. Tiyeni amachita.

underexposure

Underexposure zikutanthauza kuti chimango adzakhala mdima kwambiri. Pa chojambula ndi histogram wa kamera ndi ankatembenukira lamanzere. Kodi kuchita mu nkhani iyi? Izi zikutanthauza kuti mdima mitundu, zinthu mdima, wakuda mawanga kwambiri, ndipo pali pafupifupi palibe kuwala. Ngati izi si lingaliro zithunzi, ndipo musamagende chinthu mdima, kulowa zoikamo kukhudzana ndi kuwonjezera 1-2 zikulozera ku_chachikulu (phindu la 1.3; 1.7).

chimango yaitali

Pakhungu limanena zosiyana, zolingalira za kunapezeka yaitali (kwambiri kuwala, madzi, mawunikidwe, chisanu chithunzi) kapena muli zithunzi woyera (kuunika) chinthu. Kachiwiri, ngati si operekedwa ndi nkhaniyo, kupita kukhudzana ndi kuchepetsa phindu lake kuti 0,7.

"Oyenerera" chimango

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chimene histogram mu kamera pa zoikamo cholakwika padzuwa, kuyang'ana pa chimango olondola mfundo zina. Zowoneka, zikuwoneka ngati boa anadya chipewa cha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mithunzi ndi kuwala alipo ndipo anazitsimikizira bwino, ndi kugonjetsa mu chithunzi cha semitone a. chimango Izi zimaoneka limaonetseratu Mosiyana, yomveka bwino ndiponso yomveka bwino. Plus kudzakhala kosavuta kusamalira.

otsika-Mosiyana chithunzi

Kusowa kwa malo kuwala ndi mdima, mwa kulankhula kwina, kusiyana ndi motere. Ndandanda kapena zitsulo pakati ndipo palibe m'mbali. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti chimango poyera ndi molakwa, mwina lingaliro la wolemba, ndi chithunzi si zosiyana zinthu ziyenera kukhalapo. Mu aliyense case, izi chiŵerengero mosavuta kudzudzulidwa pa wotsatira processing.

Nsonga pa Zithunzi za

Awiri nsonga lakuthwa pa m'mbali mwa histogram a. Ndi chiyani icho? Izi njira kawirikawiri akamagwira kutenga Mosiyana zinthu - lapansi mdima udzu ndi bwino buluu, mwachitsanzo. sipafunika kusintha kukhudzana zimenezi, mwachitsanzo. kutero. mfundo zina za izo siziziwoneka.

Kuwomberedwa mu kiyi mkulu

Mtundu uwu wa mafano analandira pamene kuwombera mu kuwala mitundu - woyera maziko, wowala kumwamba, ntsiku ya dzuwa, ndi zovala malankhulidwe yowala. Histograms pa zithunzi zimenezo zambiri amalowa kutali kumanja, koma si vuto. chithunzi ndi yowala, airy ndi limakupatsani kuganizira kwathunthu pa phunziro la kujambula - chinthu kapena munthu, popanda kudodometsedwa ndi mfundo zambirimbiri zosafunika.

Ndinakumana Pankhaniyi bwino kumanzere kwa 1 m. Mfundo K. Apamwamba kuyambitsa pakhungu. Kuwala kwa fano angathe bwino kale pa processing.

Komabe mu kiyi otsika

Pali zinthu n'zosiyana, pamene ndandanda kwathunthu wotsalira - mwachitsanzo, moyo akadali kujambulidwa pa wakuda maziko. Komanso sayenera kuopa amalankhula ndiponso zinthu zonse, kuwala ndi Mosiyana kusintha kale mu ndondomeko ya processing. Mwa njira, za izo.

Mukusintha mtundu yaiwisi

Powona zimenezi histogram kujambula - momwe ntchito mu processing wa chithunzi? Aliyense wojambula zithunzi ayenera kudziwa kuti chithunzi anatengedwa mu mtundu yaiwisi amapulumutsa malo amene zonse. Choncho, ntchito pulogalamu Photoshop mfiti amatha kukonza zolakwa za.

Komabe, pali ena subtleties. Underexposure kosavuta kukonza mu kukhudzana ndi kuphatikiza, pamene Kuwala Kuonongeka vuto kovuta. Choncho, zinthu bwino kupewa zidawala. Kuchita izi, onani padzuwa aliyense chimango chithunzi pambuyo ntchito ndi ntchito chizindikiro kuwala zoikamo kamera.

Kodi ntchito ndi histogram mu Lightroom

Chifukwa ntchito bala Zithunzi pa kompyuta, ngati inu asintha chithunzi kudzera kamera pa kuwombera? Ndithu chabe, m'pofunika kuti aone mmene chithunzi adzayang'ana pa kompyuta pafupifupi. Ndipotu wanu Mac-mumamera akhoza kukhala wangwiro, koma pa laputopu mnzake - kwathunthu mdima, ndipo atolankhani ndi anthu ena onse kotero, monga mungayembekezere.

The histogram Lightroom mukhoza kupeza mfundo chonse mithunzi, Mosiyana, kuwala ndi zina zotero N..

Choncho, histogram kujambula. Kodi ntchito mu processing wa chithunzi? Pa pulogalamu izo zikuwoneka ngati utawaleza ndandanda. Dzanja lamanja mbali, komanso mu kamera, ndi udindo kuwala, lamanzere - kwa mthunzi. osalimba a mtundu makamaka limasonyeza nsonga koposa chifanizo mbandakucha, ndi apamwamba adzakhala pixels kumanja.

Chofunika kwambiri, choti pamene mankhwala - kuonongeka kuwala kapena mithunzi. Ngati m'mphepete mwa wina wa zipani palibe phindu, ndiye chithunzi wataya zina. Mwachitsanzo, tsitsi mdima ophatikizidwa mu umodzi kapena kumwamba kuli adayera.

Kodi vutolo? Pa chojambula mudzapeza Triangles iwiri, Kumanja ndi kumanzere. Ngati inu alemba pa kumanzere, buluu pa chithunzi zake zili imfa mu mithunzi. Ngati inu akanikizire chabwino, imfa adzakhala utoto wofiira.

Pofuna kukonza zochokera awa, Lightroom ali zida zingapo zimene zili mwachindunji m'munsimu Zithunzi ndi:

• lembani kuwala;
• padzuwa;
• tisiyanitse;
• mthunzi;
• sharpness;
• kusintha mtundu ndi ena.

Mwachitsanzo, kusiyana utithandiza chithunzi chimene pixels onse Cholinga mkulu mu njira imodzi, chithunzi ali otsika kwambiri kusiyana. Womwewo anati hump pakati. Koma nsonga lakuthwa mbali zonse tchati zikusonyeza M'malo mwake, kusiyana kwambiri, kuti palibe mnzanu m'munsi.

Kodi ntchito ndi histogram mu Photoshop

ojambula Professional zambiri ntchito Lightroom kuti kukhudzana kudzudzulidwa ndi kuunika mthunzi, chifukwa pulogalamuyi ndi zambiri mabuku ndi wosuta-wochezeka zipangizo. Koma kusintha zithunzi akhoza kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi Photoshop. Apa, histogram zikuwoneka za chomwecho. Koma ntchito "Photoshop" yabwino kusintha chigamulocho ndi makulidwe kupereka mulingo woyenera zithunzi mtundu yosindikiza. Komanso, zili kutsatira Zosefera kuti vuto ndi kusintha zithunzi misinkhu.

Ngati inu kukonza ndi kubwezeretsa chithunzi akale, Adobe Photoshop adzaona mtundu zolondola, amene ayenera kukhala mu zenizeni kumene ndisefukira hotspots kapena mithunzi.

Kodi kutsegula histogram mu pulogalamuyi? Pitani ku tsamba "Image", "Malangizo", "Akukwera". Mudzaona utoto Zithunzi pa phiri ndi osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0 (wakuda mtheradi) kwa 255 (woyera kuwala). Kusintha kukhudzana, muyenera kuti mpukutu Mzere pansi pa masinthidwe amtundu, komanso monga zolembera yekha amakonza.

Kuphunzira pakuchita

Ulamuliro waukulu, umene adzakuthandizani kumvetsa tanthauzo la histogram mu kamera, - kuchita zambiri, kutenga zithunzi ndi osiyana kukhudzana metering, m'mikhalidwe yosiyana kuunikira ndi zonse yosanthula zithunzi zomwe.

Kutenga zithunzi ochepa a yemweyo - wina ndi chionetsero ndi limodzi, ena mu 0,3, lachitatu -0,7. Tayang'anani pa kusiyana kukhudzana awo. Yesani kusinthana kwa mode wina kuwombera. Monga pa nthawi iyi kuti asinthe nthawiyo?

Onani zithunzi zomwezi mothandizidwa ndi akonzi likutipatsa, onani momwe iwo amasiyana kamera yanu. Only kumapeto njira yabwino kuthana ndi luntha ndi kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito histogram.

m'malo mapeto

Ndithudi, osati kudziwa kuti histogram amenewa, komanso luso logwiritsa ntchito bwino ndi sintha zimathandiza kuchita zithunzi moona akatswiri ndi apamwamba. Koma Luso wapangidwa kudziwa zambiri zazing'ono za intricacies zithunzi.

Mwachibadwa, aliyense chidwi wojambula zithunzi ayenera kudziwa malamulo a kumanga zikuchokera bwino, kumvetsa zimene amafuna ena zoikamo Buku monga kabowo, shutter liwiro, cholinga ndi autofocus, osiyanasiyana wochitachita, ndi mawerengedwe a kuya kwa munda ndi zambiri. Iye ayenera kudziwa mmene angapezere histogram zolondola pamene kuwombera mu yachibadwa, otsika ndi mkulu-ofunika kwambiri, ndipo pamene imfa ya kuwala ndi mthunzi imatengedwa ponseponse. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito hotspots kutsindika zikuchokera, ndi komwe iwo ali kupanda chithunzichi? Kodi wambirimbiri wakuda mu chimango cha chindiletsa kuganizira chinthu chifungulo cha kujambula?

Chinthu chimodzi motsimikiza, popanda kudziwa histogram, mudzakhala kovuta kukonza zoikamo kwa chithunzi changwiro. Ndipo ngati kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso ichi nthawi zonse kapena okha zina - kusankha kwanu. Wopambana inu chithunzi mphukira!