Kodi kuchepetsa kupanikizika: njira ndi zipangizo

Muyenera kudziwa mmene kuchepetsa voteji mu dera pofuna kuwononga zipangizo zamagetsi. Aliyense akudziwa kuti nyumba woyenera mawaya awiri - ndi gawo ziro. Zimenezi zimatchedwa amalumikizana limodzi-gawo. Zitatu gawo sikawirikawiri ntchito mu gawo ndi Mipikisano banja m'nyumba. The chifukwa choti ndichite, chifukwa zipangizo zonse zoyendetsedwa ndi AC osakwatiwa-gawo panopa. Koma palokha luso chofunika kuti kutembenuka - kuti AC voteji kuchepetsa, akatembenuka kukhala okhazikika, kusintha matalikidwe ndi makhalidwe ena. Ndi mphindi awa ndi muyenera kuganizira.

Yafupika voteji ntchito tiransifoma

Chophweka njira - kugwiritsa ntchito otsika voteji thiransifoma zomwe zimachititsa kutembenuka. Chachikulu kumulowetsa zizindikiro ambiri ankasinthana kuposa sekondale. Ngati pali kufunika kuchepetsa voteji kawiri kapena katatu, ndi koyilo sekondale sangathe ntchito. The thiransifoma chachikulu kumulowetsa ntchito monga wogawira inductive (ngati anaŵerama aliyense kwa izo). Mu zipangizo banja tiransifoma ntchito, ndi windings sekondale ali De-zikundithandiza 5, 12 kapena 24 volts.

Izi ndi mfundo zambiri ntchito katundu wamakono banja. zaka 20-30 zapitazo ambiri zida okwanira voteji 9 Volt. A matelevizioni chubu ndi mkuzamawu ankafuna voteji zonse 150-250 V ndi AC kwa 6.3 filaments (ena nyali imayambira 12.6). Choncho, thiransifoma sekondale kumulowetsa limapangidwa ndi anthu ngati omwewo ankasinthana monga chachikulu cha. Zipangizo zamakono, ayamba ntchito inverter mphamvu kotunga (monga kompyuta magetsi), zinalengedwera zikuphatikizapo sitepe-mtundu thiransifoma, iwo ali mbali yaing'ono kwambiri.

A wogawira voteji kudutsa inductor ndi

Inductance - ndi koyilo bala mkuwa (zambiri) pa waya zitsulo kapena pakati ferromagnetic. Thiransifoma - ndi mtundu wa inductor. Ngati pakati pa choyambirira kumulowetsa kutapa, zidzakhala wofanana ndi voteji pakati pawo ndi mfundo kwambiri. Ndipo kukhala wolingana ndi theka yobweretsa voteji. Koma mu nkhani iyi, ngati thiransifoma lenilenilo lakonzedwa kuti ntchito ndi imeneyi kotunga voteji.

Koma mungagwiritse ntchito coils angapo (mwachitsanzo, kutenga awiri), kulumikiza iwo pa mndandanda ndipo m'gulu maukonde AC. Podziwa kufunika inductance, n'zosavuta kuti mawerengedwe a zochitika pa aliyense wa iwo:

1. U (L1) = U1 * (L1 / (L1 + L2)).
2. U (L2) = U1 * (L2 / (L1 + L2)).

Mu Njira izi, L1 ndi L2 - inductance wa spools loyamba ndi lachiwiri, U1 - mains voteji mu volts, U (L1) ndi U (L2) - voteji dontho kudutsa inductors yoyamba ndi yachiwiri motero. Chithunzi cha amenewa wogawira madera ankagwiritsa ntchito kuyeza zipangizo.

wogawira capacitors

A chiwembu wotchuka kwambiri ntchito kuchepetsa phindu la kusowa AC. Ntchito mu DC sitingakhoze, monga capacitor, mwa Lingaliro Lovomerezeka la Kirchhoff, ndi DC kugwirizana - kusiyana izi. M'mawu ena, pano mwa izo si kutayikira. Koma ali reactance, ndipo kuzimitsa ndi voteji pa ntchito mu AC dera capacitor. Wogawira dera zofanana zomwe wakhala tafotokozazi, koma m'malo inductances ntchito condensers. mawerengedwe wapangidwa ntchito mitunduyi zotsatirazi:

1. Zotakasika capacitor kukana: X (C) = 1 / (2 * 3,14 * f * C).
2. The voteji dontho kudutsa C1: U (C1) = (C2 * U) / (C1 + C2).
3. The voteji dontho kudutsa C2: U (C1) = (C1 * U) / (C1 + C2).

Apa, C1 ndi C2 - capacitors, U - voteji mains, F - pafupipafupi pano.

resistors wogawira

Chiwembu ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi anthu m'mbuyomu, koma ntchito ndi resistors lokhazikika. Njira ya mawerengedwe a wogawira kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera pamwamba. Chiwembu akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu madera AC ndi DC. Tikhoza kunena kuti ndi chilengedwe. Mukhoza ntchito kusonkhanitsa tonde voteji Converter. Yowerengera dontho kudutsa aliyense resistor amapangidwa ndi mitunduyi zotsatirazi:

1. U (R1) = (R1 * U) / (R1 + R2).
2. U (R2) = (R2 * U) / (R1 + R2).

Tikumbukenso chenjezo limodzi: katundu kukana mtengo ayenera kukhala 1-2 malamulo a ukulu poyerekeza wa resistors kugawa. Apo ayi, yolondola mawerengedwe adzakhala yaukali kwambiri.

Othandiza magetsi dera: thiransifoma

Kuti musankhe mphamvu thiransifoma, muyenera kudziwa zambiri zofunika:

1. Mphamvu owerenga amene ayenera kugwirizana.
2. Mtengo wa mains voteji.
3. Mtengo wa voteji analakalaka yachiwiri akutsirizika.

Kuti awerengere nambala ya ankasinthana mu koyilo chachikulu, muyenera 50 akufufuta m'dera la pakati. Chigawo mtanda masamu mfundo:

S = 1,2 * √P1.

A mphamvu P1 = P2 / dzuwa. Mwachangu wa thiransifoma sudzakhalanso kuposa 0.8 (kapena 80%). Choncho, pamene kuwerengetsa phindu pazipita akutengedwa - 0,8.

Mphamvu yachiwiri akutsirizika:

P2 = U2 * I2.

deta awa amapezeka ndi kusakhulupirika, kotero kuti mawerengedwe a sikovuta. Pano mmene tingachepetsere voteji kuti volts 12 ntchito thiransifoma. Koma si onse: Zipangizo zoyendera magetsi zoyendetsedwa ndi panopa mwachindunji, ndipo linanena bungwe la yachiwiri akutsirizika - alternating. Zimafunika kupanga kusintha angapo.

Wonjezerani dera midadada: a rectifier ndi fyuluta

Chotsatira ndi akatembenuka AC kwa DC. Chifukwa chaichi, michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diodes kapena msonkhano. Mtundu Chophweka wa rectifier ndi diode umodzi. akutchedwa theka-yoweyula. Koma kufalitsidwa pazipita analandiridwa ndi dera mlatho, amene amalola osati kuwongola alternating panopa, komanso kuti lichotse ripple pazipita. Koma zimenezi Converter dera akadali chosakwanira, monga variable chigawo chimodzi chimodzi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diode sangathe kuchotsa a. Chinthu-pansi voteji thiransifoma 220 angathe kutembenuza ndi AC voteji kuti pafupipafupi chomwecho, koma mtengo zochepa.

capacitors Electrolytic ntchito katundu mphamvu Zosefera. Malinga ndi Lingaliro Lovomerezeka Kirchhoff a, chotero capacitor mu AC dera ndi wochititsa ndi pamene zikugwira ntchito pa zonse ndi - discontinuity. Choncho, chigawo zonse idzayenda momasuka ndi variable zidzatsekedwa pa lokha Choncho, sadzapita pa fyuluta iyi. Kuphweka ndiponso kudalirika - izi ndi Khalidwe Zosefera izi. Komanso, kulimbikira ndipo inductance angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongola pulsations. zomangamanga ofanana ntchito ngakhale mu magudumu magalimoto.

lamulo voteji

Mwaphunzira mmene tingachepetsere voteji msinkhu ankafuna. Tsopano lifunika okhazikika. Chifukwa chaichi, zipangizo wapadera - zener diodes, amene anapanga pakachitsulo. Iwo anaika mu DC kotunga linanena bungwe mphamvu. Mfundo ntchito ndi kuti michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi akhoza kudumpha ndi voteji ena, ubweya ndi n'kukhala kutentha ndi kwapatsidwa mwa rediyeta m'mlengalenga. M'mawu ena, ngati yobweretsa linanena bungwe mphamvu ya 15 volts, ndi stabilizer pa 12, aphonya monga mmene muyenera. A kusiyana mu 3 membala adzapita kutenthetsa (malamulo kusamala mphamvu chomveka).

Pomaliza

A chosiyana kapangidwe - sitepe-pansi voteji yang'anira, akupanga kusintha pang'ono. Choyamba, mzere voteji ndi anatembenukira kwa DC ndi pafupipafupi mkulu (50 000 Hz). Iwo kukhazikika zofunikira kwa zimachitika thiransifoma. Komanso pali osiyanitsidwa musinthike voteji opaleshoni (AC kapena ang'onoang'ono momveka). Pogwiritsa ntchito masiwichi zamagetsi (thyristor), ndi voteji DC ndi kutembenukira ku AC ndi pafupipafupi chofunika (mu Intaneti dziko lathu - 50 Hz).