Ksantoproteinovaya anachita mapuloteni: zizindikiro ndi chilinganizo aone kuti pali

Pofuna kukhazikitsa zikuchokera Mkhalidwe zakudya zambiri ntchito ksantoproteinovaya anachita mapuloteni ndi. Pamaso pa zidulo onunkhira kwa amino mu Kusakaniza idzasintha zabwino mayeso chitsanzo mtundu.

mapuloteni Kodi

Limatchedwanso mapuloteni, zomwe ndi chuma kumanga thupi moyo. Mapuloteni kukhala minofu kukula, kubwezeretsa ovulalawo ndi akufa minofu nyumba ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, zikhale tsitsi, khungu ndi Mitsemphayi. Ndi chotenga mbali, chimabala corpuscles ofiira, umamangidwa ndi ntchito yachibadwa mahomoni ambiri ndi maselo chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Izi ndi zovuta molekyulu kuti ndi polypeptide ndi misa kuposa 6 ~ 10 ³ daltons. Mapuloteni dongosolo kupanga zatsalira asidi kwa amino mu ambiri zolumukizidwa peputayidi muzikondana.

Kapangidwe ka mapuloteni

Chinthu chapadera zinthu zimenezi poyerekeza ndi otsika mapeputisayidi maselo kulemera ndi iwo anayamba atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena dongosolo okhudza malo, amapereka zotsatira ndi osiyana kukopeka. Mapuloteni adzalandira zinayi dongosolo. Pakuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe yake.

Monga maziko a bungwe yaikulu ya maselo a linachokera kwa amino asidi ndondomeko, dongosolo lomwe amazindikira ksantoproteinovaya anachita mapuloteni ndi. nyumba imeneyi ndi nthawi kubwereza peputayidi chomangira -HN-CH-CO-, ndi kusankha gawo ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ndi unyolo mbali mu amino zidulo. Iwo amaonetsera katundu winanso wa thunthu lonse.

Kapangidwe mapuloteni chachikulu imatengedwa amphamvu mokwanira, ichi ndi chifukwa kukhalapo kwa ankachita amphamvu covalent m'ndende peputayidi. Mapangidwe milingo wotsatira kumachitika malinga zotsatira mu siteji koyamba.

Mapangidwe dongosolo yachiwiri ndi zotheka chifukwa kupotoza wa akuyambira kwa amino asidi mwauzimu, pamene nsinga wa hydrogen anakhazikitsa pakati motsatana ndi.

Ukachenjede mlingo gulu la tinthu popangidwa ndi ntchito imodzi mwauzimu pa zidutswa zina ndi zosayembekezereka wa kugwirizana zotheka pakati pawo, ndi wa hydrogen, disulfide, covalent kapena amaayoni pawiri. The chifukwa ndi kuyanjana mu mawonekedwe a globules.

Kakonzedwe okhudza malo a nyumba ya ukachenjede ndi mapangidwe kumangidwa mankhwala pakati kumabweretsa mapangidwe mawonekedwe yomaliza ya molekyulu kapena milingo quaternary.

amino zidulo

Iwo chifukwa katundu mankhwala mapuloteni. Pali 20 lalikulu kwa amino zidulo kupanga ndi polypeptides mu ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana. Ichinso anatchula osowa aminocarboxylic asidi mawonekedwe hydroxyproline ndi hydroxylysine anachokera peputayidi zofunika.

Monga chizindikiro cha kuzindikiridwa ksantoproteinovaya mapuloteni anachita, pamaso pa zidulo ena kwa amino amatipatsa kusintha mtundu wa reagents, kutanthauza pamaso pa nyumba achindunji zikuchokera awo.

Mwamwayi, iwo ali zidulo carboxylic amene anachitika m'malo atomu wa hydrogen pa kwa amino gulu.

An dongosolo chitsanzo cha molekyulu ndi ukhalebe ndi structural chilinganizo glycine (HNH- HCH- COOH) monga kwa amino asidi losavuta.

Pankhaniyi mmodzi wa hydrogens CH ₂ - akhoza m'malo ndi mpweya yaitali kwakukulu chikukhudza ndi benzene mphete, amino, sulfo, carboxy.

Kodi ksantoproteinovaya anachita

Yoganizira Mkhalidwe mapulotini ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Zikuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana:

• biuret ndi maonekedwe a mtundu violet;
• ninhydrin kupanga njira buluu violet;
• formaldehyde ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu wofiira;
• Nogier kuti precipitate imvi wakuda mtundu.

Pogwira njira iliyonse anatsimikizira pamaso mapulotini pamaso pa magulu ena zinchito mu molekyulu awo.

Pali ksantoproteinovaya anachita mapuloteni ndi. Limatchedwanso kuwonongedwa Mulder. Zimatanthauza zochita mtundu mapulotini, imene pali onunkhira heterocyclic kwa amino zidulo.

Mbali A wa ndi ntchito chitsanzo ndi nitration asidi nitric zatsalira ozungulira kwa amino asidi makamaka inalowa wa gulu nitro kwa benzene mphete.

The chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi ndi mapangidwe mankhwala nitro, amene woterowu. Izi ndi zofunika Mbali ksantoproteinovaya anachita.

Kodi kutumikira kwa amino asidi

Osati asidi onse aminocarboxylic angathe kuonedwa ntchito ngati chitsanzo. Mbali yaikulu ya ksantoproteinovaya mapuloteni kudziwika anachita - pamaso pa benzene mphete kapena heterocyclic mphete molekyulu amino zidulo.

Chifukwa mapuloteni ndi olekanitsidwa zidulo aminocarboxylic awiri onunkhira, imene pali phenyl gulu (kwa phenylalanine), ndi hydroxyphenyl kwakukulu (mu tyrosine).

Ndi ksantoproteinovaya anachita anatsimikiza heterocyclic kwa amino asidi tryptophan, indole ali ndi phata onunkhira. Kupezeka kwa mankhwala pamwamba mu mapuloteni amapereka khalidwe mtundu kusintha chilengedwe mayeso.

Kodi ntchito reagents

Yokwaniritsira zimene ksantoproteinovaya ayenera kukonzekera 1% njira ya dzira mapuloteni, kapena chiyambi masamba.

Kawirikawiri ntchito dzira, amene anagawa kupatukana zina zomanga thupi kuchokera yolk lapansi. Pakuti njira 1% ya mapuloteni anali sitimadzipereka mu tenfold kuchuluka kwa madzi mwayeretsa. Pambuyo kuvunda kwa mapuloteni chifukwa madzi ayenera umasefedweramo zigawo zingapo za cheesecloth. njira ziyenera kusungidwa pa malo ozizira.

N'zotheka kuti agwire anachita ndi mapuloteni masamba. Kuti akonze njira ntchito ufa wa tirigu mu kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 0,04. 0,16 L madzi mwayeretsa. zosakaniza anali osokonezeka mu botolo amene womangidwa kwa maola 24 pa malo ozizira pa kutentha pafupifupi + 1 ° C. Kumapeto kwa tsiku njira linatekeseka, kenako kusefera kwake koyamba ndi ubweya thonje ndi ndiye - pepala apangidwe fyuluta. The madzi chifukwa anachisunga malo ozizira. njira zimagwiritsa alipo albumin nusu.

Yokwaniritsira zimene ksantoproteinovaya monga waukulu reagent ntchito nitric asidi conc. reagents Komanso ndi njira ya sodium wochuluka hydroxide 10% kapena amoniya, yankho gelatin ndi unconcentrated phenol.

The njira ya

Mu chubu woyera wapangidwa 1% mapuloteni njira mazira -th kapena ufa ndi kuchuluka kwa 2 ml. Kuti izi anawonjezera za 9 madontho asidi nitric kuikapo maganizo kwa flocculation ndinayima. The osakaniza chifukwa anali usavutike, chifukwa chikasu precipitate pang'onopang'ono Mwamsanga ndi mtundu wake umapita mu njira.

Pamene madzi akamazizira pansi mu chubu khoma anawonjezera za 9 madontho hydroxide sodium, anaikira, amene ali owonjezera kwa ndondomekoyi. Zimene sing'anga amakhala zamchere. Okhutira amakhala mtundu lalanje mu mayeso chubu.

Features wa

Popeza ksantoproteinovaya otchedwa Mkhalidwe anachita asidi nitric ndi zochita za zonsezo, chitsanzo imagwiridwa pansi m'gulu fume nyumba. Muzisunga malangizo onse chitetezo pamene ntchito ndi zinthu kuikapo maganizo caustic.

Kumasulidwa kwa nkhani ku chubu kumachitika pa ndondomeko Kutentha zimene tiyenera kuziganizira pamene akukonzekera mu chotengera ndi kusankha ndingaliro.

Kuimba asidi kuikapo maganizo nitric ndi caustic koloko Pasakhale ntchito galasi pipette ndi mapeyala mphira zoletsedwa pipette ndi pakamwa.

Wachibale anachita ndi phenol

Chifukwa ndi losavuta kumva, ndondomeko ndi kutsimikizira pamaso pa magulu phenyl ikuchitika ndi ofanana chitsanzo hydroxybenzene.

Chubu kupanga 2 mL la kuchepetsedwa phenol, ndiye pang'onopang'ono khoma, Chinawonjezeka 2 ml asidi nitric kulimbikira. njira chinaperekedwa Kutentha, umene amakhala achikasu. Zimenezi ndi khalidwe la kukhalapo kwa benzene mphete.

Ndondomeko hydroxybenzene nitrated acid nitric anatsatira mwa mapangidwe osakaniza tsa-nitrophenol ndipo o-nitrophenol mu kuchuluka 15 35.

Kuyerekezera mayeso ndi gelatin

Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti ksantoproteinovaya anachita mapuloteni ndi zimasonyeza kwa amino asidi ndi dongosolo onunkhira, kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni amene alibe gulu phenolic.

Mu chubu woyera wapangidwa 1% gelatin njira mu kuchuluka kwa 2 ml. Kuti izi anawonjezera za 9 madontho asidi nitric kulimbikira. The osakaniza chifukwa ndi mkangano. njira sanali akuda ku chikasu, zomwe zikutsimikizira pakalibe amino zidulo ndi dongosolo onunkhira. Nthawi zina pali chikasu pang'ono chilengedwe chifukwa kukhalapo zosafunika mapuloteni.

maikwezhoni mankhwala

Mu awiri sitepe anachita akuthamanga ksantoproteinovaya mapuloteni. Chilinganizo koyamba siteji nitration ndondomeko limafotokoza mamolekyulu asidi kwa amino ntchito kuikapo maganizo nitric acid.

Chitsanzo ndi ubwenzi wa gulu nitro kuti tyrosine kupanga nitrotyrosine ndi dinitrotirozina. Mbali yoyamba kwa benzene mphete amamangiriridwa wina NO ₂ -radical, ndi pawiri chachiwiri ndi maatomu wa hydrogen awiri m'malo mwa NO _2. Chemical chilinganizo ksantoproteinovaya tyrosine anachita umaimiridwa ndi anachita ndi asidi nitric kupanga nitrotyrosine molekyulu.

ndondomeko Nitration limodzi ndi kusintha colorless ochekenera mu kamvekedwe chikasu. Pogwira linachepa ndi mapuloteni munali kwa amino asidi zatsalira phenylalanine kapena tryptophan, ndi mtundu wa kusintha njira.

Chinthu chachiwiri ndi zimene mankhwala a nitration la tinthu tyrosine, makamaka nitrotyrosine, ndi ammonium kapena hydroxide ndi sodium. Chifukwa ndi sodium wochuluka kapena ammonium mchere imene lachikasu lalanje mtundu. Zimenezi ndi zogwirizana ndi kuthekera mamolekyulu nitrotyrosine kusuntha mu mawonekedwe quinoid. Kenako mchere anapanga therefrom asidi nitronic lomwe lili ndi dongosolo quinone wa conjugated maunyolo awiri.

Choncho itha ksantoproteinovaya anachita mapuloteni. The aone kuti pali anapereka pamwamba Chinthu chachiwiri.

zotsatira

Pa kusanthula madzi ali machubu atatu, yankho Buku wasukuluka ndi phenol. Zinthu ndi benzene mphete kupereka Mkhalidwe anachita ndi asidi nitric. Chifukwa, icho chimasintha mtundu wa njira.

Monga amadziwika, gelatin zizindikiro hydrolyzed mawonekedwe kolajeni. Mapuloteni lilibe kapangidwe onunkhira a kwa amino zidulo. Palibe kusintha mu mtundu wa sing'anga ndi kulabadira acid ndi.

Wachitatu mayeso chubu pali anachita zabwino zonsezo ksantoproteinovaya. Kutsiliza angaonere motere: onse mapuloteni ndi dongosolo onunkhira, kaya ndi phenyl gulu kapena mphete indole, anapatsidwa kusintha mtundu wa njira. Ichi ndi chifukwa mapangidwe mankhwala nitro ndi mtundu wachikasu.

Pogwira mtundu anachita zikutsimikizira pamaso pa nyumba zosiyanasiyana mankhwala amino zidulo ndi mapuloteni. CHITSANZO gelatin limasonyeza kuti zikuchokera zimapezekanso asidi aminocarboxylic zopanda phenyl gulu kapena dongosolo ozungulira.

Ndi anachita ksantoproteinovaya singalifotokoze chikasu pathupi pamene ntchito kwa izo asidi nitric. Mtundu womwewo udzakhala frothy mkaka pa kusanthula ake ofanana.

Zochita matenda zasayansi ichi chitsanzo mtundu si ntchito kudziwika mapuloteni mu mkodzo. Ichi ndi chifukwa mtundu wachikasu ya mkodzo yokha.

Ksantoproteinovaya anachita anayamba ntchito quantification la amino zidulo monga tryptophan ndi tyrosine monga mbali ya mapuloteni zosiyanasiyana.