Kwabasi katswiri MV Nesterov - zithunzi za zojambulajambula Russian

Mwa ambuye kwambiri a kupenta Russian kumayambiriro kwa XIX ndi XX zaka moyenerera anatchula dzina Mihaila Vasilevicha Nesterova. Zithunzi za zojambulajambula ndi wojambula likutipatsa pa chiyambi cha ntchito yolenga ofunika Wanderers ndi ojambula zithunzi kuchokera "World wa Art", ndipo pa mapeto a moyo wake anati mphoto ndi boma la Soviet. Iye anakhala moyo wodzala kwa Mlomo ndi kwambiri ntchito yolenga.

Antchito yaitali msewu

Iye anabadwa mu Ufa, banja wamalonda mu 1862. Pali nthano za chozizwitsa chimene chinachitika kwa Baby Michael, pamene iye anadwala anali pafupi kufa. Achibale kale analamula mwambo, ndipo mayi anamuika iye pa chifuwa chithunzi cha Woyera Orthodox, Tihona Zadonskogo. matendawa anaphwa, ndi mwana anachira, ndi chithunzicho anakhala zaka 80, iye anagwira ntchito mpaka ora lotsiriza, ndipo kawirikawiri anaona kufunika amanena kuti madokotala.

Makolo sanaumirire pa malonda tsogolo mwana pamene zinadziwika kuti talente yake zoonekeratu kuti kujambula. Kwa iwo mbuye tsogolo ayenera kuti sukulu anali draftsman kwambiri ndi zojambula mu Sukulu Moscow wa Painting, Chithunzi ndi Zomangamanga. Mphunzitsi wake ndiwotani anali wamkulu Vasily Perov. Woyamba ntchito yokulirapo Nesterova - luso zoweta ndi mbiri nkhani - anakhala zojambula congenial ndi amisiri wa Association ya Wanderers akutsogolera ndipo wofunika kwambiri mwa iwo.

Kufunafuna mutu wake

Pa mtima kwa moyo ndi kusankha mbali yaikulu ya luso motengera tsoka anakumana ndi Mikhail Vasilyevich pa zaka 24. Pa kubadwa kwa mwana wake wamkazi anamwalira mkazi wamng'ono ankakonda ziboliboli - Maria Ivanovna Martynovskaya. mantha amene anakumana, zinaonetsera pofuna kugwila chithunzi cha m'mbuyomu pa nsalu zokha ayi lapansi. Kuyambira pamenepo, ambiri zithunzi mkazi analengedwa ndi chithunzicho, anali mbali ya womwalirayo mkazi Nesterov. Zojambula "mkwatibwi wa Khristu", "Mfumukazi", mafanizo ndi murals akachisi, pa nthawi, analola kutsatira luso lake kulankhula za wapadera analengedwa ndi mfiti "Nesterovskoe" mkazi mtundu.

Moyo wa oyera mtima, amene andithandiza kuti Orthodox anthu - ina Nesterov ntchito. Zojambula pa fanizo la ofera a chikhulupiriro choona, mwa yemwe anali wamkulu ankakonda Mkulu Sergiy Radonezhsky, mbuye imatengedwa zabwino chifukwa cha ntchito zake.

"Masomphenya a Young Bartholomew"

Bartholomew - linali dzina la Sergiya Radonezhskogo pamaso malonjezo a. Tsiku lina mngelo anaonekera kwa mnyamata mu mawonekedwe kumene kumakhala Amonke. Mkulu anaphunzira Bartholomew chilakolako chake chofuna kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi "anamudalitsa pa kulemba komanso muzimvetsetsa kukumbukira chisomo cha Mulungu anamupatsa tinthu ya mkate wopatulika. ... ndi kuposa mu Chipangano cha abale ake ndi anzake. "

Amazing mpweya analengedwa pa lona Nesterov. Kufotokozera za chithunzi cha m'busa msonkhano ndi Mtumiki wakumwamba wodzazidwa ndi kuwala wapadzadziko. Kunyambita woyera mkulu zobisika chovala ndipo si kuonekera kwa wowerenga lapansi. Wochokera ubwino wake Mulungu tiyenera kumvetsa mnyamata nkhope kuposa faintly wowala kampira. Okhutira chachikulu cha lona wa - maganizo lachinsinsi, olengedwa mwa kuphatikizapo chilengedwe cha zidzasintha. M'dzinja nkhalango, phiri, mpingo matabwa, unakhota wa mtsinje - zonse bwino kuti Russian m'maso, koma chithunzicho chimadzaza kumwamba chithunzi nyimbo.

Osati zonse wakhala kuzindikiridwa wake umenewu chithunzicho Nesterov. Zithunzi ndi tanthauzo wapadzadziko sanali yovomerezeka chionetsero pa zisudzo Wanderers. Demokalase okonda luso otsutsa anadzudzula maganizo apamaliro lona, koma chachikulu luso luso Nesterov anaona kuti zonse.

"Nesterov" malo

Natural malo zojambula za mbuye amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Nesterov nthawi yaitali akulakalaka chionetsero limodzi ndi I. Levitan - iwo womangidwa pa ubwenzi ndi zinthu zofanana pa chikhalidwe Russian. Nthawi zambiri, iye nkuzinyoza, kumpoto ndi pakati zigawo Russia: alibe kuwala, ndi chipolowe cha mitundu, koma mphamvu ya zidindo wake wa mitunda izi sichinachepe. Iye wauzimu, angathe kuwaŵerenga pa mtengo uliwonse, uliwonse birch analembedwa akanakhoza kokha Nesterov.

"The kudzipatula" (1888), "The Chete" (1903), "Woyera Russia" (1905), "Philosophy" (1917) - mu zithunzi zonse chithunzicho Russian mzimu, komanso Russian chikhalidwe - osati aukali, koma kudzaza wamoyo akuganizira. Izi tione makamaka wakhala zopereka chofunika kwambiri kwa dziko ambuye chikhalidwe.

Chilungamo ndi ntchito

Mwa anthu amene pambuyo October 1917 anakhala ku Russia ndi anasamuka, ndipo anali MV Nesterov. Zojambula, Zalembedwa pamaso zitasintha, sanali kukumana maganizo ndi ochititsa chikhalidwe abwera nthawi, koma anali ulemu waukulu kwambiri, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito chithunzicho ntchito yawo ndi luso.

Iye anapitiriza ntchito - penti ndi kuphunzitsa ophunzira kwambiri chinkhoswe tsopano chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo. Iye sankabisa zikhulupiriro zawo, osati anyamata boma, choncho n'zovuta kuzitcha izo moyo wopanda mavuto, kuphatikizapo chuma. Kupondereza aakulu nkhonya mwana wake, amene anawomberedwa mwamuna wake, ndi iye yekha anamangidwa.

Anadziteteza dzina lalikulu ndi mbiri mwa anzake akatswiri ndi okhazikika ntchito ankakonda malonda anatumikira monga odalirika thandizo moyo. Pomaliza, ngakhale boma anazindikira talente yake ntchitoyo. Nesterov wojambula amene zojambula chosonyeza otchuka a sayansi ndi luso, anatamanda akatswiri amaonetsa wamba, mu 1941 anali kupereka wa Stalin Prize chifukwa chithunzi wake wotchuka wa Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Patapita nthawi, kupereka mutu wa analemekeza Chithunzi cha RSFSR lapansi.

Koma mutu, zomwe Nesterov wofunika koposa china chilichonse, izo zikumveka wosalira zambiri koma kwambiri kulemera - weniweni Russian wojambula.