Jeweler luso. Master Jewelcrafting

Zodzikongoletsera luso - ndi kupanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kawirikawiri zitsulo za mtengo wapatali ntchito zamtengo wapatali. Poyamba, zinthu sizinali kokha chifukwa cha kukongola, komanso kuti mutsindike wapamwamba wa mwini kapena mwini. Komanso zodzikongoletsera zambiri zimachitika ntchito zamatsenga. Iwo ntchito, mwachitsanzo, monga zithumwa kumatenda ndi mascots. Mbiri zodzikongoletsera kunayamba kalekale. Poyamba, chirengedwe zodzikongoletsera silitanthauza aliyense wa processing anali. Kuyambira kulenga nthawi zambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa chokongoletsera zaka zambiri angwiro luso, amisiri. Tiyeni mme- mbiri zodzikongoletsera luso ndi kuzitcha izo ambuye kwambiri.

Egypt

Jeweler luso anali modabwitsa bwino anayamba ku Iguputo. Zokongoletsa analenga pamenepo, tikanali odabwa ndi kukongola ndi kuvuta. Mu mawonekedwe kawirikawiri ngati zifanizo za milungu wakale. The Iguputo ankakhulupirira chokongoletsera ndi imagwiridwa ntchito zamatsenga: kuteteza yolimbana ndi matenda ndi mfiti zoipa, kugwirizana munthu ndi mphamvu za chilengedwe.

Avale zodzikongoletsera kudalila mbali zina za thupi. Choyamba, zinali m'dera la mtima (amaona thupi kwambiri). Kumuteteza, chifuwa atavala mankhwala mu mawonekedwe a scarab a. Chikumbu likuimira umoyo, ntchito, chiukitsiro. Mfundo ina yofunika anali pakati pa mphumi. ambuye wakale, kuchita zokongoletsera iye, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za mphamvu ndi nzeru, monga fano njoka. Akulankhula za luso kupanga mankhwala, izo Tingaone kuti zambiri ntchito kuthamangitsa ndi chosema, ndi okondedwa Aiguputo zipangizo golide, siliva, obsidian ndi ametusito.

Greece

Great finesse ndi suoneka zosiyanasiyana zakale miyala yamtengo wapatali luso Greece. A njira ankakonda mabwana anali filigree - kuchita chitsanzo zovuta za golide kapena siliva mawaya woonda, soldered kuti maziko zitsulo. Nthawi zambiri ntchito imeneyi kapangidwe zamaluwa: mtundu image, masamba, mpesa.

Kuchokera ku zipangizo pamwamba golide amtengo - chitsulo Agiriki akale zimachitika katundu zamatsenga. Ambiri, zodzikongoletsera anatsindika udindo wa mwini, kotero n'kakang'ono ndi zovuta zambiri zinali ntchito, mtengo zambiri zedi. Olemera akazi Greek ankavala zosiyanasiyana zodzikongoletsera. Ulemu anali mankhwala kaso kwa tsitsi ndi khosi, komanso zibangili. Kupatulapo mwina kuti Sparta - akazi a sanali zobiriwira ndi zapamwamba zodzikongoletsera ankaona chitsulo miyala yonyezimira yophweka.

Jewelcrafting Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Zodzikongoletsera Kubadwa Kwatsopano m'Matchalitchi kukongola kwawo, kukongola ndi kuvuta. Ambuye ntchito zosiyanasiyana njira, kuphatikizapo embossing, kudula ndi enamel. Iwo kwakukulukulu kufooketsedwa ndi miyambo yakale Komabe, zapangidwa, ndipo lililonse chifukwa makhalidwe amenewa zaka.

Choncho, zodzikongoletsera si kwambiri amasonyeza udindo wa mwini, monga anatsindika kukoma woyengeka ndi m'maganizo. Iwo ali wapadera ndi chosiyana. miyala theka-mtengo wapatali, ngale ndi chabwino mbali enameled kukongoletsa osati zodzikongoletsera, komanso madiresi zobiriwira madona. Kupeza kutchuka ndi chachikulu kuyimitsidwa mphete.

Mu Germany, mabwana ntchito zipangizo zachilendo kwambiri: zipolopolo kokonati, mazira Nthiwatiwa ndi chipolopolo.

Jewelers Ancient Lazaro

Russian zodzikongoletsera luso ndi mbiri waukulu. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi masiku zofukulidwa m'mabwinja: ubwino ndi suoneka ntchito ya amisiri wakale kugunda tsopano. Zodzikongoletsera luso la Russia wakale anakopeka ndi Scandinavia, Oriental ndi Byzantine zikhalidwe, ndipo nthawi yomweyo inextricably zogwirizana miyambo wowerengeka ndi miyambo.

Ambuye ku ngodya zonse za Kievan Yairo anali ambuye njira chipangizo, kuphatikizapo kuponyera luso, filigree ndi moto golide. Novgorod anali wotchuka ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ake anapanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Kiev jewelers ndi mphamvu zapadera kusamalira zamtengo wapatali. Zokongoletsa ambiri ali otchedwa mphete kachisi amene imalukanira mu tsitsi kapena anapachika kwa mipango ndi. Women ankavala zosiyanasiyana zibangili ndi mikanda ndi pakhosi zosonyeza.

Russia mu XIV ya - zaka XVII

Mkubwela kwa Chitata Mongol khamu zodzikongoletsera malonda Zikuoneka anamuiwala pafupifupi zaka. ambuye ambiri anafa kapena chidatengedwa ntchito mu olamulira gulu. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XIV akuyamba kubwerera pang'onopang'ono kuti ndinu wakale. Zodzikongoletsera pakati luso amakhala Moscow, umene uli wotchuka kwambiri njira ndi siliva filigree.

Mu XVI - XVII zaka zodzikongoletsera luso mwachangu amagwiritsa enamel ndi ngale. Miyala yamtengo wapatali nthawi imeneyi chibadidwe kulemera, nzeru ndi mtundu machulukitsidwe. Miyala komanso ndife osiyana kuwala - pa miyala ya safiro ulemu, zamtengo wapatali ndi emeralds. Tsopano amatchedwa heyday blackening njira. Mizinda ambiri silversmithing malo.

European jewelery m'zaka za m'ma XVIII

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII anali masitaelo lalikulu la Baroque ndi Rococo. Izi imakhudzanso zodzikongoletsera. Khalani quirkiness yapamwamba, ulemerero ndi mitundu yowala. Mu nkhani iyi, udindo waukulu ndi luso French jeweler a. Izo zinali ndiye anapeza chokongoletsera mawonekedwe ake masiku ano. Otchuka kwa pang'onopang'ono monga zodzikongoletsera ensembles, otchuka ndi anthu olemera ntchito chipini lalikulu. Miyala kwambiri kwambiri ndi diamondi chikasu, pinkish ndi bluish mitundu, ndipo ntchito amuna ndi zovala zachikazi.

Russia m'zaka XVIII

Mu Russia mu XVIII atumwi zodzikongoletsera luso maluwa. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha mlili wa kusintha kwa Peter I. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ntchito zodzikongoletsera amagwira borrows mumaganiza European, pamene kusunga chizindikiro chawo. Mu Russia zambiri ambuye kunja. Pakati pawo - wotchuka Zheremi Poze, amene ankagwira ntchito pa bwalo kwa zaka makumi atatu ndipo adalenga katswiri woona za luso jeweler a. ntchito yake yabwino ankaona kuti Great Imperial Korona, anapanga Catherine II. A mankhwala wapadera pafupifupi zikwi zisanu diamondi. Tsopano chidina ichi mosamalitsa amateteza kowonera zakale lapadera zodzikongoletsera - Fund Daimondi mu Moscow.

Nthawi zambiri, ntchito miyala ya mtengo wapatali kwayamba kutchuka pa nthawi ino. Wothwanima, chowala, chokongoletsedwa ndi kukonzedwa, iwo mwangwiro amathandizana ndi kukongoletsa zokongola madona wolemekezeka ndi ambuye.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mawu "osula golidi" nayenso anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito cha m'ma XVIII. M'malo dzina m'malo yaitali "golide ndi siliva."

Europe mu XIX atumwi

Mu pakati pa XIX m'ma zodzikongoletsera malonda likupitirirabe ambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito miyala zochepa wapatali ndi zipangizo: aquamarine, thanthwe Krustalo, Malachite, diamondi yokumba. Tirhana Jeweled wa mosinthana ndi kalembedwe chonse - abwera m'malo Rococo classicism, motero, zokongoletsera kukhala kuyeza komanso cholinga. Zamgululi ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali pang'onopang'ono n'kusiya ntchito mu masuti anthu, koma mmaonekedwe zikuphatikizapo Knobs kwa kuyenda ndi ndodo ndi mtengo wopera.

Kuyambira ojambula odziwika akhoza kuwasiyanitsa bwalo jeweler wa Napoleon Ine Martina Giyoma Bienne. M'zaka za m'ma XIX ndi akutulukira nyumba zimenezi wotchuka ngati Cartier ndi Tiffany.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Russia mu XIX atumwi

Mlingo wokweretsa zodzikongoletsera luso Russia anafika m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Panthawi imeneyi, zayamba kusintha malangizo a ntchito, ambuye akufuna kuchoka miyambo European ndi kubwerera kwa zaka zakubadwa ku Russia, kupereka mankhwala kukoma dziko. Makamaka mafashoni amakhala ngale madzi.

Mu Moscow ndi St. Petersburg pali makampani akuluakulu siliva ndi golide mlanduwo. Imadziwika Makampani Ovchinnikov, Postnikov, abale Grachev ndipo, ndithudi, Karla Faberzhe. luso lake zodabwitsa kuwagonjetsa kudziwa Russian, komanso zachifumu za kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Komabe, mankhwala awo zilipo ndiponso anthu wamba wogula - tikulankhula za mlanduwu siliva.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, mapeto a XIX - oyambirira XX atumwi ndi zaka golide wa Russian zodzikongoletsera luso.

mzaka zana makumi awiri

M'zaka za m'ma lomaliza miyala yamtengo wapatali anapanga ambiri malo. M'zaka woyamba wa kalembedwe osakhala ndi amakono. Luso zodzikongoletsera chikoka chake anali anazindikira zovuta kwambiri mosiyanasiyana ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa. Mwakhama ntchito pulatinamu, palladium, anodized zotayidwa. Kachiwiri kupeza kutchuka diamondi. Fashion miyala yamtengo wapatali ndipo, limene kufalitsa zinakhudza wotchuka Koko Shanel.

Pa nkhondo ndi unawonongedwa zaka, mankhwala akhala wosavuta golide nthawi zambiri m'malo ndi mkuwa. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka mchikakamizo cha sanali conformist malingaliro ambuye kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachilendo, poyamba Sitingayerekeze bizinesi zodzikongoletsera: matabwa, pulasitiki, zitsulo ndi ena. Ndi chitukuko cha luso chipangizo kuoneka miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi miyala chameleon kuti angathe kusintha mtundu malingana kusintha kutentha kapena maganizo a mwini. Akhala otchuka ngale zatsopano mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Mu Soviet Union, Russian zodzikongoletsera makampani kubala ambiri kuŵeta. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza ambuye ano pakati kutsitsimutsa munalidi gulu la Jewelers la Russia kuti adzaukitsa luso zodzikongoletsera kuti ulemerero wake wakale.

art chi

Masiku ano, zodzikongoletsera luso, mwinanso kuposa kale, amakhala ndi luso. Zokongoletsa ndi mtundu wina wa mawu kulenga. mabizinezi masiku ano ntchito zida akatswiri ndi mabuku. Komabe, mankhwala ambiri ndi opangidwa angapange. Ndipo ngakhale iwo sangathe kumenya kukongola ndi ungwiro wa miyala athupi, woyenera kupikisana nawo.

Contemporary miyala yamtengo wapatali luso woyenera kupitiriza miyambo ya ambuye wakale. Ndi ntchito ya umisiri watsopano limakupatsani kulenga zokongoletsa zachilendo ndiponso wosangalatsa kwambiri.