Malo ake - ndichiyani? nkhani

Kukaikira mazira HTML - njira yaitali, okhwima, koma kulenga kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri ntchito IT, masamba Kamangidwe zingaoneke wotopetsa chizolowezi, akatswiri amene ali ndi ntchito kuti zikachitika, osati qualitatively kugwira kwake, komanso kulandira kuchokera ndondomeko zosangalatsa chogwirika.

Komabe, pamaso panu kukhala odziwa coder, aliyense newcomer amathera nthawi yambiri kuphunzira malangizo osiyanasiyana ndipo specifications kwa chinenero HTML, ndi amene angakuthandizeni ake - CSS. About ndendende zimene CSS, ndi ndi chimene "makutu feint" limakupatsani kudzuka, komanso wina wa katundu pamwamba - malo ake - lero tidzakambirana.

CSS ndi chiyani?

CSS chidule akhoza wolembedwa ndi ikumasuliridwa Russian monga "mapepala cascading kalembedwe". Izo zikumveka wokongola zachilendo - pa dzanja, zikuoneka bwino, ndi mawu, ndi pa zina - tanthauzo ambiri sakhala pomwepo analandidwa. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi osavuta - ndi kalembedwe. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza inu angagwirizanitse zinthu pa tsamba, makhalidwe ena onena za kuonekera kuti inu mukhoza kukawerenga kamodzi ndi ntchito nambala wopandamalire nthawi.

Mawu akuti "tebulo" pomasulira nduna anaonekera pafupifupi mwangozi - Ndipotu yoyenera kwambiri apa adzakhala kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "mndandanda" kapena "mndandanda" Koma olemba ya Baibulo choyambirira anaganiza kuti CSS zikuwoneka ngati kuposa mndandanda, ndipo ndife amene ngati ali tsopano kudzayesa iwo.

Pomaliza, mawu akuti "kugwa." mfundo ndi yakuti aliyense mchitidwe akhoza m'njira zingapo kuti akhoza kusakaniza kapena alipo. Zikatero, osatsegula ali amachita malamulo, kuti kulemba maonekedwe a chipika, amene kunapezeka kuti masitaelo angapo, ndi mmodzi wa iwo, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi malo ake katundu, ndi ena - Udindo Mtheradi. Ndipotu, mikangano imeneyi mungaigwiritse sadzalekerera, koma ntchito yaikulu chisokonezo cha zimachitika nthawi zambiri.

Kotero tsopano, pamene chirichonse chiri bwino ku dzina, tiyeni tionenso yosavuta kumva. Tiyeni tinene malo anu ayenera kukhala ambiri mabatani, zinakonzedwa mwanjira inayake. Iwo ndi katundu monga kukula, mthunzi, Kuwonekera, mtundu. Kumene, mukhoza mwachindunji magawo awa, kulenga aliyense batani, koma ndi zosavuta ntchito CSS. Zochita muyenera pofotokoza kalasi, amene limatchula mfundo zonse za katundu pamwamba, ndipo kenako, mmalo mwa mndandanda, chidutswa cha aliyense batani kokha ayenera mwachindunji dzina la kalasi, ndiye osatsegula kudzakudikira chekeni zinthu izi mu mtundu anakhumba ndi kuwapatsa yoyenera "gloss".

Kodi Udindo katundu?

Ife tsopano chitani mwachindunji kumalo Udindo, chifukwa cha zomwe anayambitsa nkhaniyi lonse. Ngati muli bwino chingelezi, kapena yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale bwino, ndiye muyenera kale momveka - katundu uyu ali ndi udindo kwa malo katunduyo. Ndipotu, momwe izo ziliri, koma m'malo kudziwa malo enieni, katundu uyu akuuza osatsegula mmene adzaikidwe limodzi kapena mfundo ina ndi kulemekeza pafupi kapena kudutsa tsamba lonse.

Mfundo zimene mungathe udindo katundu?

katundu wathu akhoza kuvomereza mfundo zosiyanasiyana, pali asanu okha. Apa ikulongosola mwachidule aliyense:

• Malo cholowa. Mbali imeneyi zimathandiza inu kutengera deta pa udindo wa mfundo ndi kholo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi div ndi mwachindunji malo ake, analowa ndi IMG adzalandira mtengo chomwe chidzamasulidwa ku Wachibale.
• Malo malo amodzi. mtengo ichi chapatsidwa kwa zinthu zonse basi, pokhapokha ananena kenanso. zinthu zikugwirizanira malo monga tanenera code ndipo palibe zosiyanasiyana za "frills", kulola kusintha malo awo.
• Malo Mtheradi. Ndi mtengo iyi Kukhala katundu zambiri ntchito pa nthawi imene ndikofunikira kuti akonze "akuyandama" amafotokozera. Ndi mtengo opatsidwa katunduyo katundu ndi "zosaoneka" chifukwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ena tsamba. Ndiko kuti, imakonzedwa ngati chinthu wathu mtheradi kulibe. Iye yekha adzakhala malo, mosasamala za mmene akhala scrolled page.
• Malo amodzi. Mu njira zambiri, mtengo uwu ndi wofanana ndi yapita Komabe, pamene chinthu mtheradi wamangidwa kwa makolo, ndi kuliika amagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya chapamwamba kumanzere ngodya ya chophimba osatsegula, kunyalanyaza ena zinthu m'mbuyomo.
• Pomaliza, malo ake. mfundo mtundu Zimenezi zimathandiza pamalo mchitidwe wachibale kwa ena, amene zingakhale zothandiza kwa kukonza dziphunzitsiranso chodetsa amatchedwa "mphira" wamba. Ndi chuma ichi, item adzakhala "kukankha" winayo, popanda kutaya luso kusintha malo awo pa tsamba.

Kugwira ntchito ndi udindo mu asakatuli osiyana

Osati asakatuli onse mofanana n'zogwirizana. Ngakhale mapulogalamu zina Internet kukasambira popanda hitches aliyense kufunika kwa udindo zoona mwamtheradi, "matenda wapadera» Internet Explorer amaona chuma, malingana ndi Baibulo lake.

Mwachitsanzo, ntchito kale "m'manda" osatsegula IE6, simungathe ntchito phindu lokhazikika ndi kulandira - "bulu" amangoika zawozo. Komabe, ngakhale kuti Baibulo ndi chiwiri wa zinthu zinayamba kusintha, ndipo anakakonza kale kukonzedwa, kuti Adzalandira wokondedwa "osatsegula download asakatuli," ingafikiridwe mu umunthu wake chitatu.

Ena amasangalatsa mofatsa udindo ndi Baibulo loyamba, kupatulapo Opera, amene ali thandizo la katundu mu 4 Kusiyana kwake, lofalitsidwa m'ma 90s.

Kugwira ntchito ndi udindo mu JavaScript

Ndipotu nkhani ya momwe ntchito ndi udindo katundu mu JavaScript, tili ndi m'gulu kokha chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino. Chifukwa katundu uyu alibe otchulidwa wapadera mu mutu, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito JS popanda kusintha kulikonse Mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsa div malo ake, pazikhalanso mzere monga chonchi: div.style.position = 'wachibale.

Monga mukuonera, ndi lokongola yosavuta.

Chifukwa malo ake nyota mwapadera?

Ngakhale ambiri mfundo katundu Udindo, kuziyika izo modekha, "kumuthira" pa zinthu yapafupi, ntchito phindu "malo kalembedwe: wachibale", ayenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse za tsamba lonse wonse, chifukwa ntchito molakwika mulole mwamphamvu "skew" nkhani yonse yotchinga .

Komanso, katundu uyu yekha limakupatsani mosavuta kutembenuza amodzi kapangidwe dziphunzitsiranso, chifukwa tanthauzo lake adzakhala basi bwanji masamba okhutira. Ndiye ife adakali ndi mpata woti tikambirane zitsanzo ndi zolakwa ntchito mtengo uwu, ndipo mudzaona tanthauzo lake chogwirika kuchita.

Pamene muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pamalo wachibale?

Kuwonjezera kamangidwe ochiritsira masamba HTML, malo ake kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulenga zosiyanasiyana zotsatira chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna chinthu 'anadza' pa tsamba kapena M'malo mwake, linabwerera kupitirira malire ace, ndi ndendende katundu uyu akhoza kukuthandizani kugwiritsa ichi "Mochenjera".

Awa "zidule" ali akuyendera kudzera JavaScript ndi, kapena, ngati inu ndikulinga kuti imposition mwapang'onopang'ono, mwa katundu wa CSS3, zomwe zingakupatseni kusintha kusintha cyclical mu phindu la variable makamaka.

Komanso, nthawi zina n'zotheka kulenga "hybrid" mfundo malo ake. CSS, ngakhale pa nthawi yomweyo limakupatsani kenakake ngati malo: wachibale mtheradi, koma ndi ntchito zidule ena, komabe n'zotheka kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zimenezi. njira imeneyi kungakhale kothandiza pa nthawi imene muyenera kulenga chinachake zovuta monga munthu tooltip kapena Pop-mmwamba menyu. Poganizira zitsanzo, ndidzakupatsa ikulongosola za kapangidwe ka chotero "wosakanizidwa."

Zitsanzo za ntchito wachibale kusanja

Malo ake - ndi wokongola wosalira zambiri koma chida kusintha kuti amalola kugwiritsa zosiyanasiyana zotsatira chidwi. Pofuna kuti tiziwononga nthawi ndi kuika kulemba achabechabe malamulo M'manja, ife azipereka ma aligorivimu angapo m'kamwa, amene akhoza azikongoletsa malo anu kapena masamba enieni.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi "kuthamangitsidwa" mzere. Tiyerekeze muli kufunika kwa mfundo adzakhala "kuyenda" chifukwa m'mphepete kumanzere yotchinga ndipo pang'onopang'ono kusuntha kwa kumanja. Kukhazikitsa ndi "njira" ayenera anapereka udindo: wachibale; kumanzere: -100px, kumene -100 - ndi pafupifupi chiwerengero cha pixels ndi kupanga chipika m'lifupi. kalembedwe Izi adzalola kuti kubisa unit kunja kwa zenera, kuwayika iwo mu "kuyambira malo". Tsopano mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito script zomwe zingawonjezere iliyonse milliseconds ochepa phindu katundu pa wagawo bola zisakhale wofanana m'lifupi osatsegula zenera opanda m'lifupi mchitidwe wa. Chifukwa ndi gulu lomwe likutuluka m'mphepete kumanzere, adagulung'undisa kudutsa yotchinga ndi "yayimikidwa" m'dzanja lake lamanja.

Chitsanzo china limakupatsani kulenga "wachibale-mtheradi" zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kulowa mtheradi mkati wina, ndi malo ake. Motero, tili ndi "wachibale" chipika amene alibe kukula umene mtheradi linalembedwa, panopa akutha kuonekera udindo osadalira pa zinthu m'mbuyomu.

zolakwa Chitsanzo ntchito malo ake

Ambiri kulakwitsa pamene ntchito malo ake ndi ambiri ukonde okonza kuyiwala za luso kusungitsa malo wagawo, zimene udzakhazikitsidwe kulikonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli mwachilungamo lalikulu, n'kuliika panja yotchinga ndi kukhala pamalo wachibale, mu malo chake chidzakhala gaping "dzenje". Komabe, ngakhale chuma ichi nthawi zina amalenga zovuta zina angagwiritsidwe ntchito zabwino, mwachitsanzo, kukonza zotsatira zosangalatsa za "kudziletsa kusonkhana" malo, kumene onse midadada ake pang'onopang'ono pamalo pamwamba: 0; kumanzere: 0; T. e. malo wapachiyambi.