Malonjezo kum'mawa - ndi ... kobadwa nako malformations. Valvular Disease Mtima

Kobadwa nako - ndi chiyani ichi? Yankho la funso limeneli, adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani anapereka. Komanso angakuuzeni zimene mitundu ya zopindika kulibe, chifukwa iwo kukhala, ndi zina zotero.

General zambiri pa vuto lobadwa

Wachiwiri - ndi nthenda chitukuko, komanso mndandanda wa zolakwika chilichonse yachibadwa (muyezo) kapangidwe ka thupi laumunthu komwe kumachitika nthawi chitukuko yoopsa (zochepa postpartum).

Childs, limasinthira chotero anapanga mchikakamizo cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana kunja ndi mkati (mwachitsanzo, matenda m'thupi, chibadwa, wotsika maselo nyongolosi, tizilombo, ionizing poizoni kusowa mpweya ndi zina zotero.). Popeza theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri, akatswiri anayamba muzindikire mathamangitsidwe kwambiri za kusintha pathological. zopindika kwambiri kubadwa zimachitika anthu okhala m'mayiko olemera.

zifukwa n'kutheka

Mu 40-60% ya anthu samadziwa zimayambitsa zolakwika deta. Chotero odwala amatanthauza, zomwe zikumveka ngati "ayi chilema kubadwa." wosonyeza kuti pakutchulidwa za zomwe mwangozi kapena wosadziwika, komanso yafupika chiopsezo kachiwiri yatsoka mbadwo m'tsogolo.

Pakuti 20-25% ya zopindika anthu kubadwa anapanga ku "Mipikisano Chinthu" amachititsa kuti ndi anzake zovuta za nthenda ya kumtundu (kawirikawiri amakhala aang'ono) kapena mfundo zoopsa za chilengedwe. 10-13% ya anomalies ikukhudzana okha kukhudzana zachilengedwe. Ndipo% 12-25 yekha vuto okha chitukuko chibadwa chochititsa.

Motero, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa anthu ena kobadwa nako malformations.

teratogen

The kanthu za zinthu izi zimatengera pa mlingo. Kusiyana teratogenic zotsatirapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhoza zokhudza kagayidwe kachakudya mbali suction luso la mankhwala kuti umalowa mu nsengwa ndi kufalikira thupi lonse.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi kuphunzira zinthu teratogenic

Malformation nthawi zambiri m'zimene amene ali mutu zinthu zotsatirazi:

• matenda amene wadutsa kuchokera mayi kwa mwana wosabadwayo. A zosiyanasiyana matenda tizilombo anasamutsa pa Kubereka monga mumps, chikuku kapena inklyuzionnaya cytomegaly, n'kutheka amathandiza kuti chilema chitukuko.
• Mowa. Chofunika kwambiri ndi uchidakwa ya makolo, kapena kani, mayi wake. Kumwa mowa pa mimba kungachititse kuti syndrome mowa yoopsa.
• Ionizing cheza. Ndinakumana isotopes nyukiliya, komanso X-ray mwina kungasokoneze pa zida za chibadwa. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti cheza (ionizing) ndipo zotsatira poizoni. Kuti mfundo imeneyi chifukwa cha anomalies kwambiri kobadwa nako.
• Mankhwala. Pakali pano, palibe mankhwala amenewa kuti akanakhala anazindikira otetezeka kwathunthu kwa mwana wosabadwayo, makamaka pa trimesters iwiri yoyambirira ya mimba.
• Chikonga. Popelani amayi tsogolo (pa mimba) Kodi mosavuta kutsogolera chakuti mwanayo kutsalira mu kukula.
• Nutrientnye kuwononga. Kusowa kwa chiwerengero cha zakudya (mwachitsanzo, ayodini, myo-inositol, folate ndi zina zotero.) Kodi kutsimikiziridwa chiopsezo chinthu matenda obadwa nawo a mtima ndi zilema ubongo chubu.

Taganizirani anomaly wamba ndi valavu mtima chilema mwatsatanetsatane.

zopindika mtima

matenda a mtima ndi pathologic kusintha valavu, palibe lalikulu thoracic ziwiya, makoma mtima, chifukwa mu akusokoneza magazi kuyenda bwinobwino. Iwo ananena kuti zolakwika akhoza mwina kuthi kapena kobadwa nako.

Nthawi zambiri, ndi makhalidwe oipa kuli nthambi mtima zimachitika chifukwa kwambiri mphamvu m'thupi nkhondowo thupi la munthu ndi walowerera mu izo zoipa tizilombo. Chithandizo cha kupatuka pa chimachititsa m'malo zachilengedwe, koma mavavu zowonongeka, yokumba opaleshoni.

Polemba chilema

Izi chodabwitsa pathological (a mtundu uliwonse) nthawi zambiri anapanga pamene embryonic morphogenesis (ie, 3-10 masabata). Chimenechi ndi chifukwa chakuti nthawi imeneyi, linaphwanya njira la kubalana, zosiyanasiyana, kusamuka ndi selo imfa. zopambana izi zimachitika madzimadzi, okhudza maselo ambiri, mezhorgannom, extracellular, limba ndi minofu milingo interstitial.

alipo a mitundu

Kobadwa nako - ndi wodziika gulu, zomwe zikuphatikizapo zinthu zosiyana kwambiri ndi anomalies zazing'ono thupi (mwachitsanzo, timadontho-timadontho lalikulu, birthmarks, etc ..) Kuti kuswa kachitidwe munthu (mwachitsanzo, mtima vavu zopindika a nthambi, ndi zina zotero.). Palinso kuphatikiza kuvutika zimene zimakhudza magawo angapo a thupi imodzi. Zopindika kagayidwe Komanso ankaona kobadwa nako.

Mu zochiritsira pali zitatu ndi vuto lobadwa:

• zolakwa chathu chofuna a kagayidwe;
• kobadwa nako thupi anomaly;
• ena majini zopindika.

pafupipafupi yatsoka

Yaitali maphunziro a anomalies kobadwa nako wasonyeza kuti mmodzi kapena malformation ena a mwana wosabadwayo limawonekera pa pafupipafupi zina, malingana ndi kugonana kwa mwanayo. Mwachitsanzo, clavate amasiya ndi pyloric stenosis ndi ambiri anyamata, ndi obadwa nawo m'chiuno dislocation - atsikana.

Mwa ana amene amabadwa ndi impso wina, ndi nthumwi zambiri za kugonana mphamvu. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti ambiri a anomalies awa, chiwerengero owonjezera nthiti, mano, vertebrae ndi ziwalo zina zimapezeka mwa atsikana akhanda.

List of malformations

Masiku ano, pali zopindika ambiri. Nthawi zambiri iwo wapezeka pa kafukufuku ultrasound mayi. Ngati anomaly ndi lalikulu zokwanira, mkazi anapereka kutsirizitsa mimba. Ichi ndi chifukwa makamaka chakuti mwanayo adzabadwa moyo wake wonse pa chiopsezo, ndi kumva kukhala otsika (malingana ndi mtundu wa chosayenerera).

Tiyeni tione pamodzi zimene malformations kulibe:

• kung'ambika chilema;
• atresia wa jejunum ya ;
• agenesis ya phapo;
• acrania;
• amgwirizano aimpso agenesis;
• anencephaly;
• kobadwa nako dislocation a m'chiuno;
• unilateral aimpso agenesis;
• esophageal atresia;
• kobadwa nako cloaca;
• alubino;
• Association VACTERL;
• aplasia ya phapo;
• abadwe;
• kumatako atresia;
• clavate amasiya;
• syndrome pansi ndi ;
• kobadwa nako cretinism;
• kobadwa nako megacolon;
• kobadwa nako matenda a mtima;
• hydrocephalus;
• chophukacho;
• hypoplasia ya phapo;
• esophageal diverticulum;
• syndactyly;
• polysomes ndi X-khromozomu;
• diverticulum Meckel ndi;
• Patau syndrome ;
• mphanga mlomo;
• polysolid;
• syndrome Klinefelter ndi;
• cryptorchidism;
• malformations ziwalo kugonana;
• clubfoot;
• Klippel-Feil syndrome;
• megacolon;
• cri du kucheza;
• microcephaly;
• syndrome Turner ndi;
• hypoplasia wa femur ndi tibia mafupa;
• syndrome mowa yoopsa;
• omphalocele;
• msana chophukacho;
• fibrodisplations;
• pyloric stenosis;
• polydactyly;
• Edwards syndrome ;
• synophtalmia;
• exencephalocele;
• exstrophy a chikhodzodzo;
• epispadias;
• ectrodactyly.

kuti adzimvera

Monga mukuonera, pali zambiri ndithu vuto lobadwa kuti chidzachitika mwana wosabadwayo mu chitukuko utero. Kupewa pakutchulidwa cha kuvutika ngati makolo mwana wawo wamtsogolo ayenera kupewa kukhudzana ndi zinthu zimathandiza kuti maphunziro awo. Motero, amayi tsogolo ndi abambo bwino kusiya kumwa mowa kwa miyezi 6-9 asanayambe mimba, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito iwo ali woyembekezera (akazi). Komanso, muyenera kusiya kusuta fodya, kupewa malo pamene pangakhale ionizing dzuwa, musatenge mankhwala, osati zotchulidwa dokotala nthawi zambiri kuti kukhala panja ndi kutenga zonse mavitamini zofunika ndi mchere.