Network protocol - ndi chiyani ichi? ndondomeko Basic maukonde

Osati kale litali, gulu la pa Intaneti wamba kugwiritsa ntchito kuvomerezedwa protocol zolondola. kusankha Izi ndi mbali yaikulu pa mitundu ya makompyuta akhoza olumikizidwa kwa izo. Lero, nayenso ali pafupifupi mbisoweka. Modern maukonde TCP ndondomeko IP m'malo onse amene analipo kale. Ndi njira chilengedwe zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa dongosolo lililonse opaleshoni.

terminology

Network Protocol - ndi chinenero okhazikika amene pulogalamu kulankhulana. Kulanda deta ndi kayendedwe ka mtsinje pokha kudzera chingwe a. Kotero kuti anafika chandamale kompyuta nadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a deta, pamafunika akonzedwa ena a malamulo. Kuti iwo anawerengedwa mwa ndondomeko muyezo. Za iwo zambiri kuti ali ndi mlingo wa kukaikira mazira. Kodi kumvetsa izi? Pali wosanjikiza thupi, ndiwo mndandanda wa matanthauzo Mwachitsanzo, kodi mphamvu chingwe, ndi makulidwe a mitsempha yake, ndipo magawo ena. Tiyeni tinene ndi chingwe wabwino. Ndiye, mapaketi deta adzatumizidwa kwa iye. Koma ena makompyuta a anaakwata? Ndiye ntchito akulowa deta kugwirizana wosanjikiza, ndi paketi chamutu n'chakuti adiresi thupi lililonse makina - nambala inayake sewn mu khadi maukonde. Njirayi imatchedwa Mac-adiresi.

zopezera wolowezana

Link wosanjikiza chikugwirizana ndi Efaneti. phukusili lili ya magawo kumatanthauza kuti amaonetsera mtundu wake. Awa ntchito mwachindunji wa mtundu uwu, ndipo amanena amatanthauza wosanjikiza maukonde. Pali awiri ndondomeko ambiri: ARP, amene ali ndi udindo akatembenuka IP-maadiresi kuti Mac, ndipo IP-protocol yokha. N'zotheka kubweretsa dongosolo IP-paketi. deta zonse anasamutsidwa ndi thandizo la kale kutumizidwa ku adiresi yeniyeni maukonde. phukusi angapo mu mtundu mwachindunji, kusonyeza mtundu wa protocol.

Ambiri mitundu iwiri: TCP, ndi UDP. Pakati pawo pali kusiyana ena operekedwa chakuti woyamba ali ndi digiri pazipita zodalirika, chifukwa pamene kutumiza paketi izo mosalekeza amatumiza pempho lake ndipa. The chachiwiri maukonde protocol - ndi chida chothandiza Mwachitsanzo, pamene kumvetsera wailesi Internet. Amaganiza kutumiza mapaketi popanda mfundo iliyonse afufuze chiphaso awo. Atafika, mudzatha kumvera wailesi, ndipo ngati si - palibe mfundo macheke ndi polojekiti.

Features phukusi yobereka

phukusi ndithu mwatchutchutchu doko chiwerengero, chimene kutumiza. Mwachibadwa, chizindikiro ichi anatsimikiza ndi mtundu wa protocol pa mlingo ntchito - malingana ndi ntchito, kuti mfundo zake imatsogoleredwa. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito madoko sanali muyezo ndi misonkhano, palibe amene amaletsa zimenezo. The odziwika bwino maukonde ndondomeko mu nkhani iyi ndi HTTP ndi POP3. Apeza utsogoleri wolowezana wa phukusi zinapeza malo okhala. The Efaneti-phukusi ophatikizidwa ndi IP, TCP zina kapena UDP, ndiyeno deta lolunjika pa ntchito yeniyeni.

mbali zimasiyanitsa

Network protocol, motsutsana ndi protocol kutengerapo deta si womangidwa ndi zida makamaka. awo kukhazikitsa chimachitika mapulogalamu, kotero inu mukhoza kwabasi ndi kuchotsa pa nthawi iliyonse.

IP ndi TCP / IP

protocol izi zopezera sikuti ntchito pa Intaneti, komanso mu opaleshoni dongosolo. Iye ndi zoyendera ndi maukonde wosanjikiza, kotero kuti mayunitsi deta HIV. zaka zambirimbiri zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito UNIX ngati Intaneti, ndipo tsopano kuti intaneti wakula mofulumira kwambiri, ndi protocol IP maukonde lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito iliyonse mtundu Intaneti m'dera kompyuta. Pa nthawi imene amagwira ntchito monga protocol chachikulu ambiri ntchito kuthamanga pa machitidwe opaleshoni.

Intaneti Local ndi anazimitsa

The ndondomeko yakale maukonde zina nzeru yeniyeni, ndipo TCP / IP ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito zimenezi, amene sanayambe awona NICs. Intaneti kudzera pa modemu kapena zopezera m'dera anaonetsetsa pamene ntchito protocol chomwecho. ndondomeko ya kusintha amadalira pa mtundu wa pawiri ntchito ndondomekoyi. Dziwani kuti ndondomeko maukonde wosanjikiza ndi osiyana ndi wina aliyense, ndi zoikamo kwa maukonde m'deralo kapena kudzera modemu, naponso, ndi zina zabwino zina. Oyimba-mmwamba kugwirizana bwino kukhazikitsa ndi kasinthidwe basi wa pulogalamu, umene umaperekedwa ndi athandizi a. Apo ayi, muyenera pamanja kulowa magawo zonse zofunikira. Mungabwereremo ndi ndondomeko zofunika maukonde.

The protocol IPX

zida anali mwakuchita Novell kuti ntchito yake opaleshoni dongosolo NetWare. IPX ndi pang'ono ofanana TCP / IP, ndiko kuti, chikuphatikizaponso za ndondomeko ya paketi, koma kampaniyo kumbuyo kukopera ake. Komabe, Microsoft wakhala analenga protocol kuti n'zogwirizana ndi anthu anaikira kachitidwe opaleshoni ya banja Windows. IPX ndi maukonde protocol kuti ndi ofanana mu mawu a IP zinchito. SPX - chida kwa zoyendera wosanjikiza, limene lakonzedwa kuonetsetsa kuwombola deta paketi pakati pa makina osiyana.

Pa nthawi, protocol izi zokha ntchito Intaneti ndi makina kumene Baibulo lakale la NetWare. amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamodzi ndi ena amaika zina za ndondomeko maukonde. Tsopano kampani Nowell kwathunthu anasamutsidwa kuti latsopano chilengedwe protocol TCP / IP.

NetBEUI

protocol izi zopezera ntchito Intaneti ang'ono-kakulidwe. Iwo anali koyamba mu Windows NT 3.1, komanso Mabaibulo angapo wotsatira wa dongosolo, komwe ntchito zotsatira. Atsopano mabaibulo machitidwe m'malo ndi bwino TCP / IP. protocol Ichi ndi wosavuta, ulibe zambiri pathupi ntchito milandu patsogolo kwambiri. Si oyenera deta kuwombola pachipata. Zingakhale zothandiza losavuta pachinzawo network koma tsopano iye sali ngakhale anapereka monga muyezo chigawo Os, izo chofunika kukhazikitsa paokha ndi chimbale cha.

NetBEUI - njira yachidule kulenga chingwe kugwirizana, ndi lingaliro limeneli ndi protocol kochepa amene ali wofunikila mapangidwe ndi chisawawa maukonde pa Mabaibulo Windows 9x.

anapezazo

Nkofunika kukumbukira mphindi ena. Panthawi palibe Intaneti protocol umodzi. Onse a iwo anaikira kulankhulana, koma aliyense wa iwo ndi ntchito chosiyana, pali ubwino ndi kuipa poyerekeza ndi ena. The ntchito ya aliyense wa iwo amatenga kuli zinthu zina ntchito, omwe kawirikawiri zotchulidwa protocol lapansi. Posankha njira m'pofunika kudalira njirayi.