"Poltava": chidule cha ndakatulo mbiri ya Pushkin

ntchito linalembedwa ndi Pushkin mu 1828 ntchito pa izo, kotero kwayekha nduna magwero a mbiri yakale, ndi nthano, wowerengeka nyimbo ndi Dumas. wolemba si mungondipatsa dzina la ndakatulo "Poltava". Pushkin (mwachidule zifukwa kulemba mankhwala angapezeke mu kafukufuku mbiri) kufuna kukambirana za chinthu choterocho maganizo mbiri monga Nkhondo ya Poltava. Pa nthawi yomweyo, "Poltava" ndi ntchito zamanja.

A. Pushkin, "Poltava": Mwachidule

Mwa ntchito angapo a Pushkin ophatikizana mavuto enaake ndi ndale kuti mwakwiya anthu a m'nthawi yake. Zimene ndakatuloyi chikuchitika mu mzinda Ukraine Poltava. Chidule amatanthauza owerenga zochitika za 1709. Masiku amenewo, panali nkhondo pakati Russia ndi Sweden. Koma ndakatulo si kuyamba ndi ndale koma ndi sewero munthu Ivana Mazepy. Chiyukireniya Hetman ndikutumiza matchmakers kwa Mariya, okongola ndi wonyada mwana wamkazi wa msilikali Kochubey. Koma makolo a mtsikanayo ali anakwiya chifukwa cha zimenezi wa Mazepa, chifukwa Mariya ndi goddaughter wa Hetman. Komanso, mkwati oyembekezera kawiri pa Mkwatibwi. Ngakhale maganizo a makolo, Mary amathawa kuti Mazepa, monga nthawi yaitali mu chikondi ndi iye. Komabe, Kochubey akufuna ndibwezera hetman.

Kenako ndakatulo "Poltava", mwachidule zomwe akusowa zina, amatiuza kuti ambiri mu Ukraine ndikufuna kumbali Sweden, atamasula "zikulumikizana" ndi Russia. Posachedwa Mazepa anagwirizana ndi gulu limeneli. madongosolo Hetman agwirizane Sweden Kochubei anaphunzira ndipo anaganiza kukanena kwa Petro. Wapolisiyo anapeza munthu amene anavomera chilichonse kwa Mfumu Russian. Dzina lake Poltava Cossack munthu kamodzi mu chikondi ndi mwana Kochubey, koma anakana.

Patapita nthawi, anthu Russian kutumiza Hetman chidzudzulo kwa iye, wolembedwa mu mzinda wa Poltava. Chidule zolemba kuti Peter poyamba sankakhulupirira chidzudzulo. Mazepa, nayenso amafuna kuphedwa kwa informers. Ndakatulo "Poltava", mwachidule zomwe sangathe kupereka chinenero inimitable la wolemba, nkhani za Kochubey m'ndende. Iwo Mtsikana wotere manyazi ndi zimene mfumu sanakhulupirire Iye. M'ndende Kochubei akulowa Orlik kuyembekeza kuphunzira za chuma chobisika msilikaliyo. Kochubey ndipo sanali kuganiza kuti kulankhula za izo, ndipo posakhalitsa amapezeka kuti m'manja mwa wakupha lapansi.

Mazeppa samanena kanthu za Mary wake wokondedwa za imfa ya bambo ake. Izi mwana Kochubei amaphunzira kuchokera kwa mayi ake, amene anapempha Maria Hetman kupempha chifundo. Koma pamene akazi amachita malo kuphedwa, Kochubey kale akufa. Kenako Pushkin limafotokoza vicissitudes a Nkhondo ya Poltava. Pa nkhondo, Mazepa ndi Karl kuona kuti mphamvu zawo sikokwanira. Orlik Hetman ngakhale amapereka kubwerera Petra. Koma Mazeppa akufuna kuchita, chifukwa iye amadana ndi Russian tsar ndipo akufuna kubwezera kwa chitonzo. Komabe, Charles ndi Mazeppa wogonjetsedwa. Iwo anathawira. Kumapeto kwa ndakatuloyi Mazeppa wakumana ndi nkhawa kwambiri Mariya. Hetman kudya kukhumba, koma iye akupita panjira.

Ngakhale inde onse a ndakatulo anafotokoza, izo si munthu amaganiza amadziwika Mazepa. Mu malo oyamba zikuoneka mu udindo wa "woipa amene amabweretsa". Komabe, Pushkin anakhoza kulenga bwino kuti losaiwalika fano.