Security gawo (Civil Code). Kubweranso kwa gawo chitetezo

Zochita kwa nthawi yaitali gulu nthawi ya wotuluka ntchito chida monga gawo chitetezo. Civil Code Koma mpaka 2015 inalibe malangizo alionse lolamulira ntchito zake. Panopa, mwalamulo, zinthu lolamulira ntchito zake. Pa malamulo omwewo penapake mosiyana kudziwa kulunjika ake kuposa izo zamveka kale.

Security gawo: malamulo a mayikowo

The Code pali malamulo awiri zokhudza ntchito chida ichi. limapereka tanthauzo ndi limatchula mbali zofunika kwambiri pa malamulo. Security gawo ndi mmodzi wa asapita ophunzira mokomera kuchuluka wina zina. Chifukwa ntchito zake kungakupatseni chipani mikhalidwe ndikupeleka. Imakhala malipiro kuphatikizapo ntchito kuti indemnify kapena kulipira dipo ngati kulakwila mgwirizano. Zimenezi ndi wotetezedwa katunduyo. 381.1 (n. 1) Code.

kusankhidwa

Security gawo ngati njira Kuti akwaniritse udindo ntchito zosiyanasiyana milandu. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo pa ntchito yake adzakhala ntchito ku zoletsedwa zomwe anapangidwa kulemekeza ukutitsimikizira kuti opatsirana kumangidwa, m'matangadza, sheya ena ndi zinthu zochititsa generic. Security gawo Timaipereka ngati njira imodzi ya wotuluka makonzedwe. Mwachitsanzo, pa zosayembekezereka wa zinthu mwachindunji, izo zili m'gulu la alipire ngongole.

kulunjika

M'pofunika timvetsetsetse katundu imene gawo chitetezo. Civil Code la Chitaganya cha Russia saganizira chida ichi monga "chilango", kuchuluka kwa chotayikacho ndi ngongole kuphwanya zinthu ndikupeleka. Izo ntchito kuphimba zomvetsa katundu, ngongole. Izi motere kuchokera kutanthauzira mwachindunji Art. 381,1, p. 1. Mlingo akusonyeza kuti chitetezo gawo ndi chitsimikizo cha kukwaniritsidwa kwa zinthu contractual, ndipo zili m'gulu la alipire ngongole, koma osati owonjezera kuchuluka anasonkhana. Ngati tikambirana chida ichi ngati muyeso wa udindo, tisaiwale apa kuti adzakhala ndi chikhalidwe compensatory. M'mawu ena, ntchito umalimbana kubwezeretsa ngongole malo alipo isanafike kuphwanya zofuna zake. Motero, chitetezo gawo sangathe kutumikira monga njira patsogolo.

amafuna ofunda

Kodi zinthu ayenera kukwaniritsa ntchito gawo chitetezo? Civil Code sikupatsa mfundo zenizeni ntchito mgwirizano wake, kuphatikizapo maonekedwe ake. Komabe, pa zifukwa zopindulitsa ndiponso potengera malamulo a Code, chikalatacho azipereka zinthu kiyi zotchulidwa zipani. Makamaka, pangano ayenera mwachindunji wotani udindo kuti akalandire malipiro, atchule nkhani imene ndi ngongole angathe kukwaniritsa zofunika pa milandu chifukwa izo. Ngati zinthu izi adzachita kukhala ndi chida sangathe ntchito. Komanso, pangano ayenera muli zochepa za malipiro. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti kukula kwake siyana malinga ena. Choncho, m'pofunika kuti mwachindunji mu mgwirizano si lathyathyathya amalipiritsa, mtengo kuchuluka.

nuance

Mu N. 2 tbsp. 381,1 pali umboni wa nthawi yatsoka cha nkhani imene gawo chitetezo angakhale m'gulu la alipire ngongole. N'kutheka makhoti tikambirana pamaso pa chikhalidwe ichi mu pangano kumanga, kuyambira yotchula choterechi malamulo ankamuona ngati kuvomerezedwa. Nthawiyi, kupanda kutchula mawu zosayembekezereka wa zinthu zina kungachititse kuti kuzindikira amachita anamaliza. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti gawo akuchita ngati chowonjezera (zina) udindo Ufumuyo pakati. Choncho, pali choyambirira mgwirizano, chimene ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza nthawi yatsoka wa zochitika.

zochitika

Zochita gawo chitetezo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapeto a preliminaries, pangano, mapangano kugawa. chida ichi chikhonza komanso ntchito zina kupatula malire. Mwachitsanzo, kotheka ntchito ngati akufuna kuti chiyambi cha kukwaniritsidwa kwa zikhalidwe za iwowo. Mu mawu ena, katundu kapena womanga si kuwabwezera wosamalira chiphaso cha malipiro.

The kulunjika mikhalidwe

Iwo chinanena mu Dec. 2 ndi 3 tbsp. 381,1 wa Code. Ndime yachiwiri, makamaka limanena kuti nkhani ya si zosayembekezereka wa tsiku chifukwa zotchulidwa zochitika zokhudza pangano ophunzira akhoza kubwerera gawo chitetezo. Ulamuliro N'chimodzimodzinso likhoza kuthetsedwa pangano zofunika kwambiri. zipani mwina Komabe, kukhazikitsa zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira mu ndikupeleka timaona kuti chitetezo gawo adzakhala m'gulu ngati malipiro a malonda mu nthawi posachedwapa, ngati zambiri za mankhwala anasamutsa kapena ikuchitika kwambiri za ntchito / ntchito. Pankhaniyi, palibe chifukwa kukayikira kuti mawu a ndikupeleka adzakhala anaphedwa. Mofananamo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo lipoti mu mgwirizano pangano. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kuphimba ngongoleyo mwezi watha. Izi kupewa anasamutsidwa angapo a ndalama pa nkhani wina ndi mzake, monga wokongoletsa ndalama ali kukhala pa kutaya chitetezo gawo. Mavuto ndi njira ya osiyanitsidwa kutumiza ndalama ku wokongolayo sadzalandira.

Tikuyambitsa ntchito

Mu N. 3 tbsp. 381,1 wa Code imafotokoza kuti zipani mwina amatchula mavuto mawu oyamba zambiri kapena kubwerera gawo chitetezo mu chochitika cha mavuto ena. Makonzedwe amenewa limachititsa Zimachititsa malamulo counterparty khalidwe. Monga ulamuliro, izo ntchito Mapangano nthawi yaitali kuonetsetsa yake alipire ngongole. Mwachitsanzo, wokongoza akhoza kudziikira malire udindo. Mu chochitika cha ukuwonjezeka owonjezera ndi kuchuluka kwa amachotsera. Monga wokongoza, pa dzanja zina, akhoza kuchepetsa yokonza, ngati ngongole kubweza udindo.

Mavuto wotuluka

Security gawo sangathe ntchito kupereka udindo si ndalama. Iwo Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kukhala chikhalidwe cha kulanda yake pa chuma anausiya kuti mwini, yokonza malo bwino ndi zina zotero. Yokhala, luso kupereka si ndalama malipiro udindo kumeneko. Komabe, chifukwa cha vuto limeneli, pali njira. Kugwiritsa ntchito gawo chitetezo udindo sanali ndalama ziperekedwe ndalama. ngongole ayenera kuperekedwa mu pangano la zilango ndalama chifukwa chophwanya mawu a ndikupeleka (chilango). chitsimikizo A kuphedwa chake chidzakhala ndendende chitetezo gawo.

ntchito compensatory

pangano pakati pa zipani akhoza kupereka obwezeredwa wa gawo chitetezo pa Kulipira mgwirizanowo , pakalibe chisokonezo cha zikhalidwe zake. Izi zingachitike pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, mu Mulimonsemo, ndondomeko ayenera kukhala kwawo pa mbali ya onsewo. pangano kuti atsimikizidwe kupatsidwa chipukuta misozi mwambo unilateral kuchotsa ubwenzi. Komabe, ophunzira nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti chitetezo gawo ndi sanali refundable, ndipo zili m'gulu la alipire ya ndalama izi.

Kusiyana kwa gawo la

Monga tanenera, monga mbali yaikulu ya gawo chitetezo mutuluka malipilo Nkosatheka imfa. Iye sangachite monga chida cha chilango chipani linaphwanya mgwirizano ndikupeleka. Ichi ndi chosiyana ndi malipiro a gawo lapansi. Pangano zaposachedwapa ubale wa ophunzira kuti akalandire pa kuchuluka kwa imfa nazo zithandizire, ngati si anakhazikitsa pangano ayi.

Chofunikanso

Mosiyana ndi njira zina zambiri kuonetsetsa kuti, kuwonjezera gawo, ndi malipiro mu funso akulola wokongoza kuti kuchuluka kwa kuswa mfundo za iwowo. njira zina zimagwiritsa kulanda malipiro pambuyo ntchito kanthu ndi wokongolayo. The GC palibe lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo gawo la wokongoza pa zofuna zawo. gawo limeneli lipelekedwa nkhani ngati gawo la ndalama pansi pangano. Pa gawo chitetezo, lamulo limeneli sikuti ntchito ngati unakhazikitsidwa ndi zipani. Choncho simungathe kulandira kuchuluka pangano zazikulu, koma ndi ukutitsimikizira zina ndalama.

Phunziro la ndikupeleka

Monga kuwonekera ndalama waukulu. Civil makope mpaka chuma posachedwapa chofunika, koma mu GC sanali monenetsa anapereka kwa. Ndalama zina saloledwa kuti alandire ndalama kungakupatseni likhoza kusakhulupirika zinthu counterparty. Yekha anaonekera chitsimikizo banki. Iye anali yokhala osadalira pa ngongole yaikulu ndi kupereka solvency za bungwe. The kufalitsa lonse la njirayi chindiletsa apamwamba phindu lake. Pamodzi ndi nkhaniyi kuonetsetsa ena mmene zochita monga kusowa ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya ndalama, ndi wamangawa ndi chodziwikiratu pofuna kutapa izo kuchokera kufalitsidwa. Komanso, salandira ndalama iliyonse. Komabe, maphwando angathe kugwirizana, ndi mawerengedwe awo. Chotero mlandu ukanakhala mokwanira wolungama. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndalama ngongole ndi kwa wokongoza, ndi Code saletsa yotsirizira kuzigwiritsa ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

kulandidwa

Kuwonjezera chitetezo, malipiro angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati "malo thumba". Mwachitsanzo, mwa mawu a ndikupeleka amapereka chipani bwino amene nkhani kugwira ndalama, amawononga iwo pa alipire wa mangawa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wosuta wa pangano la sanapange ndalama zonse, mwini mwina deduct monga gawo chitetezo. Mu milandu, pangano ayenera kupereka malamulo pansi limene mwini wa chinthu amakadziwitsa a lendi za kulandidwa kwa. Iwo m'pofunika kuti auze nkhani zolembedwa. Zamkati za zindikirani akhoza m'gulu kundiuza kuti wakuswa zikhalidwe za iwowo.

mikangano zotheka

Pambuyo pa mapeto a nthawi ya pangano pangano gawo chitetezo ena awerengedwe ngati malipiro a mwezi watha kapena kubwerera wosuta. Komabe, panthawi imeneyi, yotsirizira zina mavuto. Ngati mwini wake mu chikhulupiriro chabwino amakwaniritsa maudindo ake, kubwerera zikutanthauza kuti kudzakhala kovuta. Ngati lendi awapatsa kutsatira mfundo za iwowo, zinachitikira chokana, iye angakhale ndi chidwi ndi bwalo. Khalani mu milandu gulu ili m'malo osokoneza.

Makhoti ambiri udindo pa zimene lamanja la kulandidwa pa gawo chitetezo udzakhazikitsidwadi ndi mgwirizano pakati pa zipani. Ngati ndondomeko mwini zochita kubweza chigawo yotsiriza anaona oletsedwa. Komanso, makhoti amanena kuti kutumiza zidziwitso kuti wosuta za kulandidwa pa malipiro ndi kuvomerezedwa. Pa nthawiyi n'kuti lamulo, lamulo limeneli si okhazikika. Komabe, anauza counterparty, kugula ophunzira timasonyeza chikhulupiriro chake chabwino. Choncho, chitsimikizo cha zidziwitso kuti muthandize kuthetsa choncho.

Pomaliza

Ambiri, tikhoza kunena kuti chitetezo gawo angakhale ndithu chida champhamvu kukakamiza wophunzira wa ndikupeleka kwa ntchito yake udindo wake. Koma mu yokonza zinthu zonse pangano ayenera chinanena bwino. zipani kubwera kwa lingaliro ili, izo sizikanakhala kungapondereze zofuna zawo. Apo ayi, gawo adzatumikira monga chida yotsalidwa. Ngati zikhalidwe za ntchito yake idzakhala mandala, ndiye sipadzakhala mikangano ndi mavuto kuthetsa iwo.