The transistor - maziko a luso michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi

Transistor - membala amveke, m'badwo, ndiponso chifukwa akatembenuka oscillations magetsi. Transistors ndi mitundu iwiri: ochititsa kuti ndi munda.

Maganizo transistor - ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chipangizo ongokhala awiri pn mphambano. Elemental transistor inamangidwa ndi germanium Krustalo, iwo ali prongs ziwiri: ndi emitter ndi wokhometsa, yomwe ikukhudzana pamwamba Krustalo, alibe kuchokera kwa wina ndi mtunda wa 20-50 microns. M'mawu ena, ndi mlatho zikugwirizana ndi emitter maziko a (ilo likutchedwa emitter ziwirizi), ndipo chachiwiri - wokhometsa ndi patsinde pa (umatchedwa wokhometsa ziwirizi). transistors Maganizo anawagawa mitundu iwiri: pnp ndi npn.

Munda zotsatira transistor - ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chipangizo, amene amalamulidwa ndi kusintha kwa munda, mosiyana ndi zinthu ochititsa kuti, kumene linanena bungwe panopa anatsimikiza ndi kusintha athandizira panopa. Field zamakono zili odnozatvornymi ndi mnogozatvornymi.

Chojambula chithunzi cha transistor kumaonekeranso chithunzi m'munsimu. Chiwembu ochititsa kuti chinthu ndi yochepa mzere maziko, ikuimira m'munsi, imene pa 60 ⁰ ndi 120 ⁰ zikuphatikizapo mizere iwiri opendekera, mzere ndi muvi - ndi emitter, wachiwiri - wokhometsa. malangizo a muvi zikusonyeza mtundu wa chipangizo chamagetsi. Muvi kunenanso Nawonso achichepere - ichi transistor pnp mtundu wa m'munsi - npn. Perpendicular mzere m'munsi - m'munsi elekitirodi. Mtengo wa madutsidwe magetsi a emitter ayenera kudziwa bwino kugwirizana transistor kwa magetsi. Chida pnp lembani wokhometsa ndi tsinde m'pofunika kupereka oipa voteji transistor ndi npn mtundu - positive. FETs mu zithunzi ndi anasonyeza motere: chipata anapanga mukapeza anaonetsa, kufanana chizindikiro njira, ndi madutsidwe wa njira umaimiridwa ndi mivi anaika pakati magwero ndi kuda. Ngati mfundo muvi motsogozedwa njira, zikutanthauza kuti zinthu limabweretsa N-mtundu, ndipo ngati zosiyana, ndiye tsa-mtundu. Image m'munda wa zotsatira transistor ndi njira kupatsidwa ulemu losiyana mu zikwapu zitatu yochepa. Ngati chipangizo munda ali zipata angapo, dashes zawo zimasonyeza lalifupi, woyamba mzere chipata nthawi zonse anaika pa kutambasuka kwa mzere gwero.

Pomaliza, kuwonjezera wa transistors si yomweyo munakhala dzina, poyamba anawaitana michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi triodes (ofanana luso chubu). Kotero kuti transistor - ndi transistor, zomwe ndi chinthu controllable, izo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha ndi amplifying madera. Chosowa kwambiri, kudalilika, ang'ono miyeso ndi mtengo - izi ndi ubwino waukulu zipangizozi, chifukwa chimene transistors akhoza dislodge ku nthambi zambiri za machubu luso kuyamwa. The mwayi waukulu zipangizo michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ndi kupanda otentha cathode, amene amadya mphamvu kwambiri, komanso amayesetsa konzekera. Komanso, transistor ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi nyali za magetsi ndipo amatha ntchito pa voteji m'munsi. Zonsezi walola kuchepetsa kukula kwa zipangizo zamagetsi.