Virus varicella-zoster - ndichiyani? Herpes zoster: Chithandizo, Amachititsa, Zizindikiro

Katsabola, kapena, molondola, nthomba mphepo, bwino pafupifupi aliyense wokhala pa Dziko Lapansi. Iwo amapereka mphoto kwa ife ndi mavairasi nthetemya otchedwa varicella-zoster, lotseguka mu 1911. Iwo anatenga kuposa zaka kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kutali. Varicella kale kuphunzira m'litali ndi m'mimba, koma kupambana mpaka munthu sangathe. Chifukwa cha ichi HIV matenda sizimawoneka kukhala makamaka kwambiri, chifukwa imfa kwa iwo 1 100 zikwi milandu, ndipo ngakhale ndiye osati kwa iwo okha, koma ku matenda chifukwa cha iwo. Pano ku mavuto awa ndi chinyengo ndi. Varicella-zoster HIV angathe kulowa mu magazi, mu lymph, mu kachitidwe ambiri a chamoyo. Kuchotsa izo kuchokera kumeneko zosatheka. Kamodzi anadzetsa thupi lathu, tiziromboti amakhala nafe mpaka kalekale.

Chithunzi cha mavairasi

Varicella-zoster Varicellovirus wa mtundu zikuphatikizapo 17 mitundu. Mwa iwo amene amakhudza okha nyama kapena mbalame zina, koma pali mwangwiro anthu. Izi nkhawa ndi maganizo kuonedwa ndi ife "zoster". Liwuli limatanthauza mu Greek "lamba" yoonetsa chitsanzo cha zotupa, anati kaŵirikaŵiri.

Igwire ku nkhumba, nkhuku, agalu ndi nyama zina sangakhale. Mu taxonomy lonse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opatsirana umatchedwa Human alphaherpesvirus 3 mtundu. mavairasi onse microscopically kakang'ono, koma aliyense ali wapadera yake "nkhope". The maso akutisonyezera ife kuti varicella-zoster zooneka chonse kapena pang'ono chowulungika, ndi pakati ongokhala DNA, ndi chipolopolo yatcheredwa spines anapanga mapulotini zovuta. Poyamba kumenya thupi la munthu ochitiridwayo, HIV kamayambitsa matenda katsabola.

Njira kachilombo

Varicella-zoster HIV yekha infects anthu, ambiri a mwana wa sukulu ndi sukulu ana. A ambiri makamaka mkulu wa matenda m'masukulu, kindergartens, mu chiwerengero chachikulu cha magulu. Njira - airborne (sneezing, kutsokomola) ndi pini. nthawi zonse anapanga thovu, amene angalandire zikwi zikwi mavairasi mu thupi la mwana wodwala. Pamene thovu awa anayamba, tizilombo exudate mu chilengedwe, ndipo angaloŵe thupi la munthu wathanzi kudzera mwa zonyansa, zinthu kapena kukhudzana thupi, monga dzanja kugwedezeka. Grace mavairasi akhoza unalipo mu maselo kwa munthu Choncho, kukhala kunja, mosavuta. Mosavuta kupha masaka njira, otentha, detergents iliyonse.

zizindikiro

Lifikira mu thupi lathu varicella-zoster kudzera pakamwa, umene unayikidwa pa nembanemba wa mucous. Anapambana wawo woyamba "bridgehead" mavairasi tikuuzidwa mu limfososudy magazi, mapapo, kachitidwe, mantha ndi autonomic, msana maselo chingwe. Ozama mu matupi awa, iwo amayamba kubereka, ndi kale katswiri mu thupi, kuchititsa matenda. Kuchokera pamene matenda mpaka zizindikiro choyamba akhoza kutenga masiku 14 kapena kuposa. The chizindikiro chachikulu cha katsabola ndi maonekedwe a thovu mu totupa onse pa thupi. Poyamba, amaoneka ngati tinatake tozungulira utoto, koma mofulumira kukula kukula kwa machesi mutu kapena pang'ono pokha. Iwo ali pansi pa khungu woonda ndi translucent exudate. Pamene thovu anayamba, ndizoonekeratu exudate, ndipo tikhalebe zilonda pakhungu, pamene desiccation kukhota mu scabs.

The kutentha sanayambebe kupita kusukulu matenda kawirikawiri limatuluka kuti mfundo zabwino komanso, monga ulamuliro, umachitika m'dera la 37,5 ° C, zizindikiro za kuledzera zambiri mwaonapo, koma mwana kukhala capricious, akukana kudya, kukhala aulesi. Ana okulirapo (zaka 7-12) zowawa katsabola ndi penapake zosavuta, ngakhale kuti ali ndi matenda angayambe m'njira mwachilungamo mosavuta ndi malungo otsika kalasi ndi wokhutira.

Varicella totupa vuto ndi odwala a mibadwo yonse kwambiri itches. Ana itch ndi Vulani kutumphuka, kusiya khungu moyo wanu chizindikiro ospinki.

Akuluakulu, katsabola chachikulu, matenda nchaukali. Iwo amalembedwa:

• kufooka;
• mutu;
• mkulu zizindikiro kutentha;
• thupi zopweteka;
• kugona chisokonezo;
• Nthawi zina nseru kuti kusanza ndi kuphwanya mpando.

Katsabola mu akazi apakati ndi ana

Mwa katsabola pakati matenda kawirikawiri (osapitirira 5%), chifukwa chakuti ambiri mwa amayi ake woyembekezera katsabola ali wamng'ono, ndipo thupi akhoza kukhala chitetezo kwa varicella-zoster HIV. Atabadwa kwa miyezi 6, iwonso kupereka chitetezo HIV. Choncho grudnichki katsabola pafupifupi kudwala.

Mwatsoka, ngati nthenda yaikulu ya kachilombo koyambitsa nthomba chinachitika woyembekezera, pali chiopsezo kuwononga iwo ndi zipatso (8%). Ngati matenda zinachitika trimester, ndi 5% ya ana zikhoza kukhala zosiyana malformations kobadwa nako (kupweteka, ziwalo, zala achikalekale, nthenda maonekedwe ndi ziwalo). Pamene matenda mu trimester chachiwiri ndi makanda 2% zolakwika anabadwa, pamene milandu umodzi matenda mu trimester lachitatu.

Koma ngati mayi akudwala nthomba kwa masiku asanu pamaso yobereka kapena mu masiku awiri pambuyo ali katsabola akhanda chimaposa zovuta, mwinanso kufa.

Matendawa varicella-zoster, IgG, IgM ndi oteteza ena

Kale matenda a "nthomba" analeredwa zowoneka. Tsopano madokotala ankachita zinthu zingapo mayesero kupeza mtundu wa HIV anapangitsa matenda ndi zimene iye mu thupi kukhala chitetezo. diagnostics Modern zikuphatikizapo:

• Pakani pa M'mimbamo m'kamwa.
• A magazi kudziwa mtundu wa HIV.
• Analysis thovu exudate.
• Oteteza mayeso gulu IgM, amene anapanga pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo pambuyo isanayambike matenda mu lymphocytes chisanadze B, ndipo magazi wapezeka pa tsiku 4 matenda. Kenako odwala kuonetsa chitetezo ndi magulu ena. IgG chitetezo mfundo kukula pang'onopang'ono, komanso pang'onopang'ono yafupika pambuyo mofulumira zizindikiro owoneka a matenda ndi kuwola. Ndi katundu wawo ntchito matenda a mitundu ina ya matenda aakulu.

chithandizo

Childs, odwala katsabola osati kuchipatala. House iwo akuchita mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa ( "Acyclovir", "brivudine", "gerpevir"), pa umboni mankhwala antipyretics, mankhwala, ndiponso totupa onse topaka utoto wobiriwira kapena fukortsinom. Kumapangitsanso chitetezo chokwanira madokotala amatamanda ndi mavitamini ndi zakudya.

Thupi anali atadwala kwa moyo ndi chitetezo ku HIV varicella-zoster, amene ndiotetezedwa ku reinfection. Kwenikweni oteteza izi IgG magulu, koma kupezeka ndi gulu IgA, IgM. AT IgA mlingo akutsikira kwambiri ndi mwezi 4 pambuyo matenda. Kwenikweni iwo kuteteza nembanemba mucous ndi ziwalo zimapanga 20% ya chitetezo onse. IgM wa immunoglobulins okwana ndi 10% ndi 75% IgG. Ali wokhoza kudutsa nsengwa ndi (kuyamika kukula kwake yaying'ono), ndi kupereka chitetezo chokwanira kwa mwana wosabadwayo m'mimba.

zosokonezeka

Popeza pambuyo katsabola mu thupi anthu chitetezo kwa varicella-zoster HIV IgG, iwo adzalandira chitetezo chokwanira ai. Zovuta za matendawa ana wabwinobwino akhoza kukhala matenda, zidalembedwa zimakhalapo papules. A ana ofooka kwambiri ndi zotheka mavuto:

• chibayo (zizindikiro: chifuwa, malungo, cyanosis wa khungu, kufupika kwa mpweya);
• Encephalitis (zizindikiro: litsipa, malungo, kupweteka, imfa ya kuyenda, nseru);
• bursitis;
• nyamakazi;
• thrombophlebitis.

Akuluakulu, pa maziko a katsabola angathe:

• laryngitis;
• tracheitis;
• meninjaitisi;
• encephalitis;
• chiwindi;
• nyamakazi;
• erysipelas;
• abscesses, cellulitis, streptoderma.

zimayambitsa matailosi a

matenda umatchedwanso "matailosi." Varicella-zoster HIV, kamodzi otsekeredwa mu thupi, ndi moyo mu zobisika (anafooka) boma maselo mitsempha ya chingwe msana, mu misempha cranial mu ganglia ndi (masango manyuroni) ya ubongo. Ngakhale chitetezo anthu ndi mphamvu, pansi ndi sindikufuna vuto. Koma mwamsanga pamene thupi imafoola, mavairasi yomweyo adamulowetsa. Chifukwa, watsopano nthomba sizichitika, koma Munthu akayamba zina matenda - matailosi, kunena gulu la matenda opatsirana, ndiponso akusonyeza totupa khalidwe m'thupi.

zifukwa:

• maopaleshoni, kuvulala ndi matenda ena, kuphatikizapo matenda pachimake kupuma, fuluwenza;
• mantha nkhawa;
• osauka khalidwe chakudya;
• khama, yotopetsa thupi;
• zinthu osauka moyo;
• matenda aakulu, amene anapereka musabise;
• mimba;
• hypothermia;
• limba kupatsidwa zina;
• ena mankhwala kuti kubisa chitetezo cha m'thupi;
• ukalamba.

zizindikiro

Matailosi zambiri amapezeka mu akuluakulu komanso ana lofooka amene anali katsabola, amathanso matenda. zizindikiro zazikulu zithunzi ndi zidzolo pa thupi, ali makamaka ili kumeneko, kumene makungwa mitsempha. Ndi nsungu pafupi mphuno ndi pa milomo ya matenda ziribe kanthu kochita, monga HIV wina wotchedwa kusanthula ziwonetsero. Virus varicella-zoster, kupeza ufulu kuchokera kuwasungira cheke chitetezo chokwanira, ukuonekera maselo mitsempha ndi potsogolera axons awo kuti nsonga mitsempha. Akufika pa cholinga, izo zimayambitsa matenda khungu. Zizindikiro-precursors:

• kutentha;
• osadziŵika kutopa, ndi malaise;
• kusowa mphamvu;
• mofulumira kudya;
• ululu ndi kuyabwa (nthawi zina zachilendo kumva kulasalasa) m'munda wa kuphulika m'tsogolo.

Zizindikiro pa nsonga ya matenda:

• okhadzula mu mawonekedwe a thovu ndi exudate poyela;
• kutupa lymph mfundo;
• neuralgic ululu (awa angathe kukhala ofatsa kapena mphamvu);
• kutentha subfebrile pamwamba;
• zizindikiro za kuledzera.

Matenda chimakhala cha sabata kwa mwezi wonse wathunthu.

Gawo ndi mtundu wa totupa

Varicella-zoster akhoza kuukira mbali zosiyana za thupi, kotero kusiyanitsa mitundu ya matailosi:

• Ophthalmic (anakantha ophthalmic nthambi ya mitsempha trigeminal mu kuti ingawononge diso). Kuwonetseredwa ndi ululu maso, kugwa kwa view, totupa akachisi ndi kuzungulira maso.
• Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (chidwi ndi minofu wotsanzira, zidzolo anamuona pa M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi ngalande khutu).
• Engine (myotomes anadabwa ndi dermatomes, odwala amadandaula kupweteka kwambiri minofu nthambi ya mkono wa).

Monga mwa mayendedwe a matenda kusiyanitsa mitundu:

• abortifacient (popanda ululu ndi zotupa);
• enaake (okhadzula lalikulu kwambiri);
• magazi (magazi pano mu thovu exudate);
• Necrotic (papules zimachitika pa malo a khungu necrosis);
• zowombetsa mkota (totupa onse pa thupi).

diagnostics

matailosi kukomoka ndi zowoneka kale totupa zambiri kolakwika kwa appendicitis, angina, pleurisy ndi matenda ena. kuchititsa kusanthula zasayansi ngati n'koyenera. Varicella-zoster awulule matenda mofulumira, tiyenera kufufuza zitsanzo pansi simungathe kutiona. Komanso ntchito immunofluorescence ndi njira serological. Chipangizo choyezera maphunziro ikuchitika milandu zotsatirazi:

• Grudnichki-odwala;
• ana immunodeficiency limati;
• atypical nsungu;
• zovuta njira ya matenda.

Ana, matenda m'mimba zimapezeka zambiri chitetezo varicella-zoster chitetezo IgG ndi IgM. Zosiyanasiyana imagwiridwa ndi PCR. Zimenezi zimathandizanso kudziwa HIV, pakalibe totupa pakhungu ndi kukhalapo kwake ziwalo mkati.

Chithandizo cha nsungu zoster

Ngati kuwunika anali wotsimikiza - varicella-zoster anapezeka ndi 100% ndithu. Pambuyo pake, adokotala kudziwa chithandizo aligorivimu. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti achinyamata matailosi akudutsa popanda mankhwala, koma yosalekerera zakudya ndi pogona zina. Mankhwala ingatithandize achire komanso kupewa mavuto, komanso kuchotsa ululu ndi kutentha, ngati aliyense.

Mavairasi oyambitsa Kwalamulidwa kwa odwala wamkulu kuposa zaka 50, kwambiri wofooka, anavutika choipa ndi opaleshoni, akudwala matenda osachiritsika, ndi ana. Zofala mankhwala - ndi "Acyclovir" "Famciclovir", "Valacyclovir" ndi pakati othetsa ululu wa "Ibuprofen", "Ketoprofen", "naproxen" ndi analogues. Komanso pa umboni Kwalamulidwa anticonvulsants, antidepressants, corticosteroids. Pamene kachilombo varicella-zoster diso, ndi / kapena wodwala kuchipatala ubongo.

zosokonezeka

Zalembedwa mu 28% achire matailosi. Odwala amadandaula:

• amaona masomphenya;
• kumva imfa;
• pafupipafupi ndi zodabwitsa mutu;
• zokha kuwonekera chizungulire;
• thupi soreness pambuyo kutha kwa totupa lapansi.

Kwa ena odwala akhoza kuyamba mtima ndi / kapena aimpso insufficiency, ikuyenda Vuto la matenda oncological, khungu, ugonthi, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi / kapena msana minofu.

Katemerayu Zostavax lakonzedwa ngati muyeso njira. nchito zake udzakhazikitsidwe empirically, wofanana 50%.