VL10, nyumba zamagetsi: chithunzi, kufotokoza, chipangizo

VL10 - Dothi lamagetsi la DC, lopangidwa ku USSR, lopangidwa ndi zonyamula katundu ndi katundu. Zapangidwa ku malo okwera magetsi a Tbilisi ndi Novocherkassk kuyambira 1961 mpaka 1977. Dzina lakuti "VL" lamagetsi lamtunduwu analandiridwa kulemekeza Vladimir Lenin, ndipo ndondomeko ya "10" imatanthauza mtundu wake. Kuchokera pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1970, VL10 yakhala magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi a USSR. Kuphatikiza apo, inali yopambana kwambiri m'kalasi yake ndipo inakhala maziko a mabaibulo ena a VL11 ndi VL12. M'nkhani ino, tikambirana za chipangizo cha magetsi a VL10 ndi mbiri yake.

Prehistory

Maofesi a magetsi a VL8 kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 anasiya kukwaniritsa zofuna zapamwamba za USSR. Iwo anali ndi injini zofooka (mphamvu zokha 525 kW), kuimitsa kasupe kwa kasupe, ngolo zolemera ndi kanyumba kovuta kwambiri.

February 9, 1960 adavomerezedwa ndi ntchito yamakono yokonza nyumba yatsopano yamagetsi. Ntchitoyi inakhazikitsidwa ndi ojambula a malo apadera ogwirira ntchito ku tbilisi yamagetsi a Tbilisi. Kumapeto kwa 1960, polojekitiyi inaperekedwa ku IPU kuti iwonetsedwe. Kutulutsidwa kwa chitsanzo choyamba kunapangidwira kuti zigwirizane ndi zaka 40 za kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro wa Socialist ku Georgia. Ndi nthawi yoti tiganizire zomanga nyumba za magetsi VL10.

Gawo lamagetsi

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi anali ndi gawo la magawo awiri, gawo lililonse limene linkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalasi awiri kudzera pamagulu anayi a mpira wotsatira. Thupi la thupi linagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunthitsa kusokoneza ndi kusokoneza mphamvu. Mu gawo lirilonse munali makina osiyanasiyana a magetsi ndi magetsi. Kuchokera pambali ya galimoto ya galimoto, thupi linalandira kachipangizo kamodzi kogwiritsira ntchito CA-3, ndipo kugwiritsira ntchito zigawo zonse zopangidwa ndi coupler type TE2 zinagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mizere yonse ya nyumbayi:

1. Kutalika ndi 32.04 m.
2. Kutalika kwa kachipangizo kamodzi kogwiritsa ntchito railroad ndi 1060 mm (kuphatikiza kapena kupitirira 20 mm, malingana ndi momwe mabanki amachitira).
3. Dera la gudumu liri 1260 mm.
4. Koyang'ana kang'onopang'ono kwambiri pa liwiro la makilomita 10 / h ndi 125 m.

Chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha kasupe kuyimitsidwa ndi 111 mm. 63 mwa izo zimagwera pazitsulo zam'mphepete mwachitsulo, ndipo 48 - pamphepete mwachitsulo chamatsinje. Mphamvu yokoka kuchokera pa chithunzi cha trolley kupita ku thupi imafalikira kudzera pa zida za pivot. Malembo ali ndi zida zogwiritsa ntchito. Kuthamanga kapena kuyimitsa ntchito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi za trolley kudzera mu leashes zokhala ndi zitsulo zamatala.

Pofuna kuyendetsa kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa thupi pakati pa chimango cha trolley ndi mabokosi, zidazo zimayikidwa, ndi pakati pa chimango cha trolley ndi thupi la hydraulic vibration dampers. Mapangidwe a nyumba ya VL10 imasonyezanso kukhalapo kwa anti-discharge chipangizo cholepheretsa magalasi oyambirira kuti asatulutse kuchokera pa nthawi yoyamba.

Kupangira mphamvu

Wosonkhanitsa wamakono kuchokera ku malo ochezerana nawo akutsogoleredwa ndi osonkhanitsa wamakono T-5M1, omwe ali kumapeto kwa gawo limodzi lirilonse. Mkati mwa gawoli wagawidwa m'magulu atatu. Mutu wake muli mbali ya nyumba. Pambuyo pake ndi VVK (high-voltage chamber), yomwe imamangidwira pamtunda. Pamene akukweza pantograph, iwo amatha kutsekemera mwakachetechete. Mu mchira wa locomotive ndi injini chipinda.

Mu VVK pafupifupi zipangizo zonse zotsegula ndi zotetezera za gawo zilipo: kusinthana kwasweka, kubwezeretsa, okonzeka (mzere, mzere, rheostatic, high-speed and shunting), kubwezeretsa nsomba ndi zina zotero.

Gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri liri ndi kusiyana pakati pa zipinda zam'mwamba. Mu VVK ya gawo loyambalo pali pulogalamu yothamanga kwambiri BV-1, yomwe imateteza magalimoto, komanso mawonekedwe omwe amasiyanitsa mitunduyi. Mu VVK ya gawo lachiŵiri la BV-2 limateteza makina othandiza, ndipo kusintha kumeneku kumasiyanitsa liwiro la mafilimu. Kuphatikizanso apo, pali kusiyana kulikonse mu magawo. Mwachitsanzo, sitima yailesi ndi mpikisano wothamanga zili pa gawo limodzi la VL10.

Nyumba yamagetsi imakhala ndi makina atatu othandizira mu chipinda cha injini. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi wopikisa galimoto. Chipangizochi chimapangidwa ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri, wotchedwa centrifugal fan (amawotcha VVK ndi traction motors) ndi wothandizira jenereta (amapanga zipangizo zamakono zowunikira zakudya ndi makina a magetsi a magetsi VL 10). Ma motors of motor-fans at low-speed mode akugwirizana mndandanda, ndipo mofulumira kwambiri mawonekedwe - mofanana.

Kupereka makina oponderezedwa mpweya ali ndi makina opondereza. Amakhala ndi njinga yamtundu wofanana ndi injini yamoto, ndi kT-6 ya compressor atatu. Mphepo yowonjezereka ndi yofunika kuti: Njira yopumula yokhazikika ndi sitimayi yonse, mawotchi opuma, kutsekedwa kwa chipinda chapamwamba, magetsi opanga mpweya ndi zizindikiro zomveka. Compressor ya magetsi a magetsi VL 10 akugwirizanitsidwa ndi injini mwachindunji, popanda kuchepetsa. Choncho, sitimayi sangathe kudzipangira. Kuti muziziziritsa, mpweya umaperekedwa kuchokera kwa woyendetsa galimoto.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothamanga wa magalimoto opangidwira mu regenerative braking mode kumachitika mwa kusintha komwe kuli ndi magetsi amphamvu komanso jenereta. Mphamvu yamakono ya jenereta ndi 800 amperes. Pazitsulo zokondweretsa pamakhala kuthamanga kwachangu komwe kumatsegula injini ngati pangakhale kuwonjezeka kwa msinkhu woyendayenda. Zosangalatsa za jenereta zimachokera ku batri kupyolera mu kukana. Poyendetsa galasi la woyendetsa galimotoyo kwa inu, woyendetsa angathe kuchepetsa kukana kwa kutsutsana. Pa nthawi yomweyi, magetsi opangidwa ndi converter akuwonjezeka, monganso momwe magetsi amathandizira, ndi mphamvu yopuma.

Nyumba zamagetsi zimaloledwa kugwira ntchito pamtunda wa mamita 1200 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kusinthanitsa kosinthika ndi kotheka pazogwirizana zonse zitatu. Kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la SMET (dongosolo la magetsi ambiri) linakhalapo mu 1983, pamene zipangizo zamagetsi zinkasinthidwa.

Mitundu yamagetsi yamagetsi (TED) ya TL-2 ndi kusimitsidwa kwa axial inali ndi mphamvu ya 650 kW iliyonse. Chombo cha nyumba ya magetsi ya VL10 chinkachitika ndi mitengo 6 yowonjezera ndi 6. Zida zoterezi monga mafupa a injini, okhala ndi chitetezo, zitsulo zamatabwa, makina a brush ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono, anali ogwirizana ndi TED ya magetsi a VL60.

Malo oyendetsa magetsi, pafupi ndi mapangidwe a magetsi a magetsi a VL8, analola njira zitatu zogwirizira magalimoto othamanga:

1. Zogwirizana.
2. Zogwirizana mofanana.
3. Kufanana.

VL10U

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1976, m'malo mwa chitsanzo cha VL10 chinayamba kutulutsa mawu ake olemera, dzina lake lomwe linawonjezera "Index". Chifukwa cha kuyika pansi pa thupi la katundu, katundu wochokera pa gudumu pamapirili anawonjezeka kuchokera pa matani 23 mpaka 25. Motero, mawilo oyendetsa magetsi anagwira bwino kwambiri pazitsulo, zomwe zinkachititsa kuti katundu azilemera kwambiri. Pa mbali yamagetsi, magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, komanso machitidwe ake oyambirira, anali ogwirizana ndi zitsanzo za banja la VL80. Ponena za thupi, ogwira nawo ntchito, komanso zipangizo zamakono ndi zonyamulira, iwo anali ogwirizana ndi VL10. Mitengo yamagetsi VL10U inachokera ku conveyor mu mabuku okwana 979. Nyumbayi inakhazikitsidwa ndi chomera cha Tbilisi, koma inapangidwanso kumalo a zomera za Novocherkassk. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chitsanzo ichi chimayimilira m'zithunzi za TEVZ ndipo zimapangidwanso. Maulendo awiri omalizira a VL10U anapangidwa m'chaka cha 2005 malinga ndi mmene sitimayi ya Azerbaijan imayendera.

VL10N

Chitsanzocho ndi chimango cha magetsi popanda ntchito yowonongeka mobwerezabwereza, yomwe inamangidwa mwachindunji kwa sitima yapamwamba ya Norilsk, monga momwe amasonyezera ndondomeko ya "H" mu dzina. Yopangidwa ndi chomera cha Tbilisi kuyambira nthawi ya 1984 mpaka 1985. Pa nthawiyi magalimoto 10 a magetsi asiya msonkhano. Mpaka lero, iwo atha kale kulembedwa.

VL10P

M'chaka cha 2001, malo okonzekera kukonza malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi a Chelyabinsk awonjezereka gawo limodzi la maulendo a VL10-523 ndi VL10-1867, kuwasandutsa ku maulendo awiri a VL10P oyendetsa galimoto. Pachifukwa ichi, mtundu wa VL10P-523-1 uli ndi kabichi yoyambirira ya magetsi oyendera magetsi VL10. Chitsanzo cha VL10P-1867-1 chinalandira nyumba yosinthidwa, yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma VL10K. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzozo chinalembedwa mu 2012, ndipo chachiwiri chaka chimodzi.

VL10K

Mu 2010, zomera zowonongeka za Chelyabinsk Electric Locomotive zinakonzanso maulendo a VL10. Kusintha kumeneku kunakhudza kanyumba ndi dera lamagetsi. Woyendetsa galimotoyo anachotsedwanso ndi kayendedwe kachipangizo kamakono ka magetsi. Ndipo m'malo mwawo mawonekedwe amasinthasintha okha. Ogwirizanitsa amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo ya kusintha kwa chipata kuchokera ku mgwirizano mpaka kugwirizana kwa magalimoto othamanga VL10. Mapulogalamu a magetsi anatha kugwira ntchito m'zigawo ziwiri, 3 ndi 4, kusintha kwa kusintha kwa magetsi. Mbali ya mawotchi, makina othandiza ndi magalimoto oyendetsa, iwo sanasinthe.

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi a VL10

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2010, chomera chomwecho cha Chelyabinsk chinakweza gawo limodzi la nyumba ya VL10-777 ndikupanga magetsi. Chipangizo cha chipinda cha injini chinasweka, ndipo chipinda chopanda chikhocho chinalembedwanso mu chipinda choyendetsa. M'mphepete mwa makoma a nyumbayo, mawindo ambiri anali atayikidwa, ndipo khomo lolowera pakhomo linasunthira kutsogolo kwa nyumbayo. Mkati mwa gawoli, pakati pa denga latsopano, panali nyali zoyatsa, ndipo pambali pa matebulowo munali mipando. Gawo lachiwiri la nyumbayi linapitiriza kugwira ntchito zamagetsi. Chitsanzocho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera utsogoleri wa Sitima zapamadzi za South Urals. Ikhoza kugwira ntchito pandekha komanso ndi magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto. Mu 2013, mu gawo loyendetsa, panthawi ya kayendetsedwe kake, kupsa mtima kunayambika, chifukwa cha zotsatira zake.

4E10

Limeneli linali dzina la katundu wonyamula katundu umodzi wokhala ndi makilomita awiri omwe amapezeka ku Tbilisi chomera kuchokera ku zida za VL10 za Georgian Railway. Zonsezi, kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2008, makonzedwe okwera magetsi okwana 15 anamangidwa. Pa amenewa, anthu 14 ankagwiritsa ntchito mafamulo ku Georgia, ndipo asilikali a Russia analamula. Ngakhale kuti wopanga amaika 4E10 ngati nyumba yamagetsi yamagetsi, ku Georgia nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsira ntchito kuyendetsa sitima zapamtunda. Chowonadi n'chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito malo oterewa kunathandiza kuti atulutse magetsi akuluakulu a magetsi kuti azitumiza sitima zamagalimoto.

Ntchito

Mpaka lero, VL10 ndiyo nyumba yaikulu yamagetsi ya DC yogwiritsira ntchito katundu wonyamula katundu ku mayiko a CIS. Mofanana ndi zina zambiri zogulitsa katundu, zimagwiritsanso ntchito kuyendetsa sitimayo. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyumba zamagetsi za VL10 ndi zobiriwira. Komabe, mabaibulo amtunduwu nthawi zina amawomboledwa mu mitundu ya sitima zamoto. Chithunzi cha nyumba ya magetsi ya VL10 ndi yodziwika bwino kwa ambiri, monga momwe zilili wamba pa njanji zapanyumba. Mwa njira, panthawi imodzi, zigawo za VL10 zinayeseranso kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto a pamsewu monga gawo la sitima zamagetsi.

Wopambana

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1975, makonzedwe a VL11 anakhazikitsidwa, omwe anamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha VL10 ndipo analandira makhalidwe ambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kapangidwe katsopano ka zitsulo sichinali kuyipa kwa nyumba ya magetsi ya VL10 ndi kuwonongeka kwake, komabe ntchito yopanda mphamvu. Poyamba, okonzawo ankafuna kuti azitha kusintha zigawo ziwirizi kuti azigwira ntchito ndi zigawo zitatu. Kenaka adayesetsa kukonzekera VL10 ndi chomera chatsopano. Komabe, zosankha zonsezi zinali zosasinthika, ndipo Tbilisi Electric Mapomotive Plant anayamba kupanga malo atsopano VL11, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa magulu ambiri. Kuyambira mu 1975 mpaka chaka cha 2015, nyumba zokwana 1346 zinamangidwa. Mpaka lero, iwo amapezeka m'misewu yosiyanasiyana ya sitima m'mayiko akale a CIS. Ena mwa iwo, magalimoto a magetsi a VL11 amagwiranso ntchito ndi sitimayi.

Kutsiliza

Tikaganizira momwe polojekiti ya magetsi ya VL10 ikufotokozera, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ntchitoyi ndi yopambana kwambiri ndi ma Soviet magetsi. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuti chitsanzo cha lero chimapezeka pa njanji zapanyumba. Kwa zaka zopitirira makumi asanu, ntchito ndi kukonzanso maulendo a magetsi a VL10 zakhala bwino kwambiri moti sizikuthamangira ku malo.