Zachipembedzo zomatira: kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Clay anakhala mnzawo wa moyo munthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Zomatira poyamba, malingana zakale anaonekera zaka 9500 BC. Wake linakonzedwa zikuluzikulu zosiyanasiyana za chiyambi nyama. Bone ndi tendon, mamba nsomba ndi resins zachilengedwe anali Gawo la zomatira misa. Zachipembedzo zomatira anali ambiri, anagwiritsa ntchito anthu kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka lalikulu.

Kupanga zomatira

A concoction zipangizo masoka ndi zinyalala nyama ntchito ndi makolo athu m'ma 20.

Pamene sayansi anayamba mofulumira, anthu kudziwa zinthu zambiri za khalidwe ndi katundu zipangizo ndi zinthu, anayamba kuoneka zigawo yokumba kulenga ndi zomatira. Woyamba amene analandira setifiketi ya Kutulukira zomatira anakhala Himik Leo Bakelanda. Izi zinachitika mu 1901. Ndipo mu 1909 eni luso anayamba massively kubala phenol-formaldehyde glues ndi madutsidwe. Zachipembedzo zomatira anaonekera mu mmasate mochedwa - oyambirira 40 Mu zaka zapitazo.

Tsopano kupanga zida zomatira ntchito zamakono. Njira zambiri makina. Pa chomera pano tikhoza kuchita ndondomeko lonse, kuyambira kupanga ku zolemba vial pa chizindikiro wake.

Msika wamakono

Chaka chilichonse, makampani mankhwala umabala oposa 100 miliyoni phukusi la pepala ulimbo.

Sales zolowa m'chaka Akuti pa zosachepera $ 10 miliyoni. Opanga kuti kufunika kwa zomatira zachipembedzo si kukula, koma ndi wolimba. Kusintha mtundu umene mankhwala zimathandiza. Pali mitundu yatsopano ya mapensulo, zomata ndi matepi ndi makhalidwe mkulu zomatira. The mankhwala ambiri apamwamba umatulutsa m'mayiko amenewa: Korea South, Russia, Malaysia ndi Germany.

cholinga zomatira

Cholinga chachikulu cha wothandizila aliyense zomatira - osakaniza pamalo awiri. Iwo amasiyana kapangidwe ndi cholinga. Ali ndi fungo osiyana, mtundu, iwo atayanika ndipo sanali kuyanika. Malo zomatira ntchito gluing pepala ndi paperboard wa machulukidwe osiyana. Komanso akhoza kumwedwa zoweta.

zomatira khalidwe la ofesi:

• Kuyanika.
• Frost zosagwira.
• Transparent kapena zoyera.
• Kungakhale madzi ndi olimba.

Mlengi ayenera kupeza kalata ya khalidwe pa ofesi ulimbo. The zikuchokera mayesero kwa kawopsedwe ndi kugwilizana ndi zofunika zachilengedwe.

Mitundu ya pepala zomatira

Ulimbo ndi mtundu madzi: silicate ndi PVA zomatira ofesi.

Kaperekedwe zomatira silicate amalola ntchito pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Dzina chachiwiri - madzi galasi. Izo ntchito chuma cha dziko. Pakuti pepala si yabwino, ndi mwamphamvu kufalikira. M'zaka zapitazi, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kamodzikamodzi.

Zachipembedzo zomatira PVA glues mosavuta pepala, zikatoni, mapepala. Kuuza pakuti ali, ndi zambiri viscous, amene amalola ntchito kulamulira kufalitsa ake.

The zikuchokera zomatira kwa malo

Silicate malo zomatira zikuchokera umene kumatanthauza dzina lake, tsopano ntchito kwambiri yomanga. zigawo zikuluzikulu: a silicate, polysilicates wa lifiyamu, sodium ndi potaziyamu. Zimachitika zokha mu madzi mawonekedwe.

Zachipembedzo zomatira PVA ali ndi mawu olembedwa: polyvinyl nthochi. Ndi amadzimadzi njira ya mankhwala ndi Kuwonjezera plasticizer ndi kusintha zina. Komanso, pali olimba zomatira ofesi. kapangidwe kake zosiyanasiyana mankhwala ofunikira. Iyi ndi polyvinyl nthochi (PVA) kapena polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). PVA zomatira angakhale zopangidwa angapo amene amaonetsera mphamvu yake:

1. Universal;

2. Super zopezeka.

Ntchito mu ofesi ayenera sitandade. Super zopezeka angagwiritsidwe ntchito yopanga zipangizo ndi kumanga.

njira phukusi

zomatira zachipembedzo chogulitsidwa zosiyanasiyana ma CD. Zomatira madzi mmatumba mu mabotolo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chachikulu kusiyana - ndi mtundu wa chubu ndi kapu.

Super - kapu ndi yopapatiza, elongated, unscrew chophimba. Zomatira umagwiritsidwa pamwamba mwa kapu ndi.

Kapu - burashi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mabotolo ndi zomatira silicate.

Ndi yabwino ntchito zomatira madzi kusasinthika.

Kapu - bakha anati yekha ikuluikulu wapamwamba-kapu ali onse kutsegula.

Clay - pensulo malo tsopano amene ambiri. Iye ndi yabwino ntchito. Ntchito mosavuta, kodi sinafalikire, ndi ndalama, ali katundu kwambiri zomatira.

Zomatira Utsi - mtundu watsopano wa pepala zomatira, zomwe zimathandizanso kumata nkhuni, thovu ndi zitsulo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito pepala zomatira kunyumba

Anthu kupeza njira akadali ambiri ntchito ulimbo ofesi. Zofunika kulola ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Tsopano tikambirana momwe mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ulimbo silicate kapena PVA ulimbo.

Silicate guluu kapena madzi galasi - mankhwala kuti ntchito yomanga. Cholinga cha ntchito - kumatira.

Mitundu ya ntchito zomatira silicate.

• Anawonjezera mu utoto kwa pamakoma. Amatipatsa kukana.
• Chithandizo makoma, ndi apansi mu bafa musindikizidwe.
• Izo ntchito kumatira maziko.
• Anawonjezera kuti polimbikitsa ndi konkire kupeza njira zatsopano mtundu.
• Gwiritsani kupanga putty wapadera amene samveka mipope madzi.
• Impregnated nsalu adzakhala zipangizo amphamvu zozitetezera.
• Wamaluwa ankachita kudulira tchire malo ndi kuteteza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Iwo kuphimba pamwamba kutetezedwa ku kukhudzana ndi cheza ultraviolet.
• Ntchito kutsuka mbale zauve ndi ziwaya.

Chinsinsi kuchotsa coke ku ziwaya za ntchito silicate zomatira.

Mu njira iyi, ntchito ndi grandmothers wathu ndi akulu-grandmothers. M'pofunika kutenga zitsulo mbale kapena poto lalikulu. Mmenemo ndi kutsanulira chubu silicate zomatira. Kuwonjezera mpaka poto onse ndi chikuto. Popeza kuvala moto ndi chithupsa. Mozizwitsa, ndi mbale akubwera kuchokera madipoziti onse mpweya. Pambuyo ziwiya zonse ayenera bwinobwino rinsed pansi madzi. Pali Chinsinsi ofanana ndi Kuwonjezera sopo ndi koloko phulusa.

PVA zomatira ndi bwino kudziwika kwa omanga ndi opanga mipando.

Mitundu ya ntchito PVA ulimbo.

• Ntchito pamene kusonkhana mipando.
• Chabwino secures ya muofesiyo pansi.
• Odalirika pamene kukonza linoleum.
• Ntchito gluing matailosi.
• Zidzakhala zothandiza pasting mapepala khoma.
• Anawonjezera kuti phunziroli ndi filler mu utoto madzi ofotokoza.

PVA zomatira chapeza kutchuka chifukwa chakuti sanali kawopsedwe, moto, mkulu kulumikiza mphamvu ndi chomasuka ntchito. Iwo akhoza kumata pepala, chikopa, galasi, nsalu, pulasitiki, zitsulo.