Zisudzo nsalu yotchinga. Zida ndi kamangidwe ka zisudzo powonekera

Aliyense amene wakhala ku bwalo lamasewera, akukumbukira kuti zisudzo nsalu yotchinga ndi mbali yofunika ya mkati ndi gawo kamangidwe. chikhumbo wayamba kusintha kwakukulu ndi chitukuko cha ganizo luso ndi zamoyo wa luso ed. Ndipo lero, powonekera nsalu yotchinga - izo zangokhala chigamba cha nsalu pa chingwe, ndipo zida mwaukadaulo chipangizo ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za mbali ndi ntchito.

nkhani

Woyamba siteji nsalu ankagwiritsa ntchito ngakhale mu zisudzo of Ancient Greece. Iye analamulira chiyambi ndi chitsiriziro cha kanthu kwambiri. Katani ngati zida chipangizo kupangidwa mu za m'ma 17, pamene patsogolo mofulumira anali chitukuko chithunzi cha ed. Pa nthawiyo, zinali kusunthira zokongola, tcheru koposa linaperekedwa kwa okonza kupanga anapereka zokongola komanso nsalu si chinthu luso mu kusintha kwa zojambula, komanso mwayi kwambiri limaonetseratu.

M'zaka za m'ma 18 siteji kamangidwe, nsalu anayamba mbali yofunika ya nthano. Nthawi zina unachita zofunika kwambiri. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa bokosi gawo nsalu amamuonera zitayamba ndipo wakhala chinthu yofunika kwambiri kolowera.

Mu scenographers m'ma 20 anapitiriza kulimbitsa Chofunikira kwambiri za chinthu ichi chokongoletsera siteji. Anakhala mbali ya polojekiti, amene mwapadera wokonzedwera kwa makatani sewero. Mwachitsanzo, kwa kupanga Lermontov a "Masquerade" pa zisudzo wojambula Mariinsky Theater kudziwika Golovin anapanga nsalu 10 zithunzi lililonse kusintha.

kusankhidwa

Gawo loyamba amachita nsaru mpanda ntchito ya maso amaonetsa. Iye sakuona kamangidwe ndi zokongola pamaso kanthu kutseka powonekera pa nthawi ya kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Koma, mu Komanso, pali nsaru ndi zolinga zokongoletsa. Choyamba, amam'dziŵitsa chiyambi cha nkhaniyo. Kuwulura nsalu yotchinga akutenga wowerenga mu dziko maloto, mu mphindi, iye mingoli mu m'mlengalenga mwa misonkhano ndi zamasewero ku yonyenga. Chachiwiri, chochingira ntchito monga mbali ya ntchito luso danga, ndipo monga khalidwe osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu "Hamlet" pa Taganka Theatre, iye ankasewera udindo wa Time, yaimfa, Rock, etc.

Nsaru ndi njira zina za mawu Mwachitsanzo? draperies kuwala kapena makatani stylized angalenge ndi nkhambakamwa za malo ena kapena malo. Ngakhale sitili kwake kungakhale ena luso mfundo - owonetsera ena amakono kuzikana. Umu ndi mmene mwana K. Raikin "Satyricon."

Zida ndi zipangizo

Zisudzo powonekera okha ku holo amaoneka molemera ndipo ngakhale chikondi. Ngakhale pamene nsalu yotchinga anatulukira ndi limagwirira ndi zovuta, kenako mwamphamvu modernized. Kuonetsetsa yosalala, munthawi yomweyo ndi yunifolomu kusamutsidwa ndi razdvizheniya nsalu amagwiritsa dongosolo limodzi pagalimoto. Poyamba iye anagwira dzanja okokedwa, ndiye - pa magetsi, koma lerolino umamangidwa ndi kulamulira kompyuta.

Kukweza ndi kutsika limagwirira zipangitsa yunifolomu kayendedwe ka yomanga lolemera kwambiri. Kuti mbali mbali asachite mantha, iwo angagwirizanitse njanji lolemera. The pulani yovuta kwambiri amapereka ndi kutsetsereka kuyenda ndi zitsulo. otchedwa msewu wamangidwa ntchito nsalu yotchinga. Pali mitundu ingapo ya izo: liniya, osalunjika, ndi zingwe. Masiku ano kayendedwe nsalu amagwiritsa zovuta machitidwe njanji, amene amalamulidwa ndi mphamvu ya kutali.

kufanizitsa

Kugwira ntchito angapo, nsalu yotchinga angakhale osiyanasiyana. Pali classifications angapo monga njira Kuwulura, ntchito ya sewerolo, chifukwa njira zakale draping. Mukhozanso kusankha mitundu ya nsalu malinga ndi ndondomeko kulamulira samatha kulamulira, mu nkhani iyi anatchula Buku, makina, magetsi ndi zipangizo makina a.

Pali ankafuna m'kagulu siteji draping nkhani chimene anazipangira. Choncho akutali, veleveti ndi nsalu zotchinga. Komabe, magawano amenewa ndi untenable chifukwa nsalu yotchinga - ndi Mipikisano wosanjikiza dongosolo limene limapangidwa wosanjikiza akunja chamkati, mthunzi, aliyense shilsya ku zimakhala zosiyana.

Species malinga ndi njira Kuwulura

Mu njirayo ndi kuoneka kotereku makatani zisudzo, monga kutsetsereka ndi zochotsa ndi downcomers.

Limagwirira wa mankhwala kutsetsereka ayenera kupereka Kuphunzira lathunthu zochitika kwa maso a omvetsera, zimathandiza ndi kapangidwe wapadera ndi fungo lalikulu - kuitana chinsalu wina ndi mzake. Masamba ali wokwera pa njanji osiyana ndi kufika kwa mmodzi wa likulowa ena. Komanso, limagwirira kutsetsereka awonetsetse zoyenda zojambula synchronous. Bukuli lili ndi dongosolo limodzi pagalimoto.

Aliyense zisudzo powonekera kwa omwe - ndi mtima wake, kusamalira kuti limagwirira nsalu galimoto wakhala ntchito m'njira mwamsanga, bwino, synchronously ndi mwakachetechete. Akukhulupirira kuti nsaru kutsetsereka ali lalikulu mwayi limaonetseratu kuposa kutsika. Makutu, kayendedwe mungoli yodziwika ndi luso popereka kutengeka. Onyadira nsalu Bolshoi Theatre, gawo lalikulu limene chokongoletsedwa ndi zazikulu kutsetsereka chinsalu mu mawonekedwe a amapereka a.

Kukwezedwa ndi downcomer zimagwirira - zikamera wa wakale kwambiri. Ngakhale mu zisudzo wakale Greek anali nsaru kuti anagwa pamaso kuonetsa mu kagawo wapadera ndipo anakwera kuchokera mu icho mwa mapeto a choonetsedwa lapansi. kutsitsa limagwirira zachokera dongosolo muyeso, kuchokera ikulendewera tsamba amateteza atsogoleri wapadera mbali.

Palinso ophatikizana makatani, chomwe chili mbali ya kutambasuka yopingasa ndi ofukula zochotsa ndi kutsitsa. Iwo akuyimira pazipita zovuta dongosolo.

Komanso, n'zotheka kukumana ndi lopinda nsalu, imene ukonde aumbike mwa zowonjezera loyamba, lachiwiri, atatu kapena anayi. zitsanzo yoteroyo imalola kutseka chabe theka pamwamba pa danga siteji ndi zambiri yokongola.

Chinthu chofunika cha ntchito

Mwayi nsalu ntchito polenga sewerolo, ndipo maziko a izi, iwo agawanika pa njuga ndi tableau. Tableau nsalu zisudzo ndi njira partitioning danga la zochitika isanayambe lililonse kanthu, ndipo kumaliza sewero. zitsanzo izi ndi mbali ya gawo okhazikika kamangidwe. Game zitsanzo polenga kwa zisudzo ena, ndipo ndinu gawo la kamangidwe akonzedwa. Iwo akhoza kukhala mbali ya ulemerero wonse, ndi mbali ya overture fanizo yothetsa pa ziro kwa bwalolo. makatani Game tinapangidwa kulenga chikhalidwe wapadera wa sewerolo, ndi kuphatikiza ndi kalembedwe ndi mtundu wanyimbo.

kuwala nsaru

Pali mtundu wapadera, amene analengedwa ndi kuwala. Modern zisudzo zida akhoza m'malo kuwala ndi spotlights pa nkhaniyi, zomwe ati achite ntchito nsalu yotchinga a. Mfundo ntchito yake imakhala mu chiwalitsiro cha particles zizikhala mpweya. Pali njira ziwiri kulenga katani kuti: yopingasa ndi limbikitsa. Mbali yoyamba, mizere kuwala projectors akuuzidwa horizontally kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pofuna pachilichonse za nsalu yotchinga nthawi zambiri amapereka mwa wakuda veleveti mkhalidwe zithunzi. Yachiwiri njira ndi anachepetsa kwa fluxes kuwala kwa kusiyana kutsogolo kwa gawo pa denga pa nyumba yochitiramo msonkhano, amene alimbane ndi wakuda veleveti. Kuwala nsalu mwangwiro amakwaniritsa ntchito ya alipo powonekera ku maonekedwe a omvera, komanso atenge mbali ya njira yapadera limaonetseratu, chimene mobwerezabwereza nthawi zambiri yekha timapitiriza zotsatira zake.

mitundu mbiri

Palinso zingapo zimene mungachite kuti makatani, analandira dzina la ulemu la zisudzo imene ntchito. Choncho, pali chitsanzo Austria, yomwe ndi misonkhano osiyana mu makutu lalikulu, anatenga chinsalu. A chimodzimodzi ali zosiyanasiyana Venetian, icho zina chokongoletsedwa ndi pleats choimirira. Katani amatchedwa "Chitaliyana", sizachilendo mu zisudzo zachikhalidwe. Amakhala webs awiri umodzi, limene kwa ngodya m'munsi adzauka m'mwamba. Mitundu zotsatirazi komanso kulibe: kabuki, Punchinello, makatani Wagner ndi Brecht.

kulembetsa

Kuwonjezera kusiyana kandalama makatani, ndithudi, mwina ndi kapangidwe wapadera. Mwachionekere, kapangidwe siteji ayenera pamodzi mkati mwa bwalo lamasewera, komanso zoyenera zinthu zochititsa chidwi ankaimba. Nthawi zambiri otsogolera kulenga makatani wapadera kwa chuma chawo, kuwonjezera masewera otchuka zambiri ndi nsalu zawo wapadera kuti akhale chizindikiro awo. Choncho, Bolshoi Theatre, siteji lalikulu limene chokongoletsedwa mbiri "golide" nsalu yotchinga, anakhala zambiri anthu oti ndi chuma adzabwezeretse mankhwala wotchuka. Pa Mariinsky Theater nsalu Golovin mu 1914 imatengedwa nduna chizindikiro. Monga nsaru Tirhana Theatre, analengedwa ndi kapangidwe ndi nyumba Interiors F. Schechtel.