5G maukonde: mwachidule, kufotokoza ndi liwiro. m'badwo wotsatira maukonde 5G

5G, lotsatana ndi m'badwo kulankhulana muyezo adzavomereza Intaneti Zinthu, anzeru magalimoto ndiponso zipangizo zina.

The watsopano mafoni muyezo sipadzakhala kale kuposa 2020, koma specifications zogwirizana amakonzedwa pachimake, ndi zimaonekeratu kuti muyezo 5G adzakhala zimasiyana 4G. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kuwonjezeka liwiro kuwombola mauthenga mafoni ndi miyala, ndipo khamu njira zina, omwe ndi zofunika zake.

Maulosi ochokera Ericsson

Monga 5G luso ntchito komanso chifukwa chake anafunika, ngati wapamwamba-kudya mafoni Intaneti zakhalako tsopano?

Malinga ndi kampani Ericsson, tsogolo zikuwonekera.

Opanda ndipo m'pamene magalimoto maukonde muzilumikizana ndi mzake. Pankhani ya ngozi ya galimoto, amene ali pafupi ndi powonekera, izo kukauza makina onse, atakwera pambuyo pake. Izi adzalola kuti afike liwiro m'munsi kapena, mu nkhani ya chotipinga, kuwerengetsa njira yatsopano.

masensa galimoto adzakhala molondola kwambiri kuyeza nyengo ndi kutumiza deta pa Intaneti 5G kuti akonzekere bwino njira galimoto magalimoto.

M'dera la mabasi ndi magalimoto 5G maukonde adzalola zenizeni nthawi kutsatira chiwerengero cha akuyembekezera okwera m'malo okwerera basi. Dalaivala wa basi aphonya amasiya opanda anthu, ndi dispatcher atsogolere magalimoto zina ku malo awo kudzikundikira.

Masiku onse 5G kunyumba zamagetsi adzakhala zogwirizana. Ngati kale kusintha kuchokera ku chipinda wina ndi mzake ankayenera kuti inasamutsidwa kuchoka chipangizo kunyamulika kupitiriza Mwachitsanzo, kumvetsera ku siteshoni mumaikonda wailesi, tsopano oyankhula mu zipinda zosiyana zidzayenera mungakumane ndi mzake ndi kumvetsera kupitiriza ndi malo linasokonekera. Komanso, kudzakhala kotheka kuti aziona mowa mphamvu ya aliyense chipangizo, kapena kupeza momwe kwambiri magetsi amapangidwa ndi mapanelo dzuwa.

5G maukonde idzasintha misonkhano mwadzidzidzi, kupereka mauthenga odalirika zochitika mwadzidzidzi ndikusankha zikuluzikulu za uthenga apolisi ndi ovulala pangozi. zipewa A moto ndi makamera adzakhala wailesi chithunzi lamulo ndi kulandira thandizo ku ntchito yovuta kupulumutsidwa.

5G-luso

Kale kunali kotheka kwa bungwe iwo kwambiri, koma kusankha njira zamakono pa ntchito zawo zothandiza akupitiriza.

Pakati pawo:

• kopitilira muyeso-mkulu pafupipafupi, kukwaniritsa zomwe poyamba zinkaoneka kuti n'zosatheka, kupereka liwiro kwambiri;
• akutukuka kachitidwe, kutumiza deta ndi mbali kakang'ono, kupitiriza ntchito ya Internet zinthu zipangizo zaka zambiri;
• kuchepetsa kachedwedwe ntchito zimene zimafuna nthaŵi yomweyo.

5G-network: liwiro

5G lowunikira la kuchuluka kwa mlingo muyezo poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyomu osokoneza. Ericsson a anatha kukwaniritsa kukula kwa nthawi 50 - 5 Gbit / s. Samsung anachoka pa chithunzi 7.5 Gbit / s mbendera ndi khola 1,2 Gbit / s mu galimoto kusunthira pa liwilo. Partnership "EU - China" 5G iwonjezekera mlingo wa nthawi 100. NTT DoCoMo, ndi Japanese mafoni woyendetsa, molumikizana ndi Alcatel-Lucent, makampani Ericsson, Samsung ndi Nokia akuyesera kuti akafike 10 Gbit / s. Koma asayansi ku University of Surrey amati liwiro la 1 Tbit / s. Zikuoneka kuti ambiri kukula zikwi liwiro Intaneti mafoni patadutsa zaka 10.

The kukula kugunda Pakufunika tinyanga bwino ndi zipangizo, komanso mafurikwense kufala sipekitiramu. Mu US, ndondomeko kufalitsa gwero la wayamba kale.

Internet a zinthu

Ndi kuchepa mtengo wa polumikiza zipangizo zambiri ndi mwayi Wi-Fi. Lingaliro la kaphatikizidwe foni, khofi ndi makina ochapira, Zomverera, magetsi ndi china chirichonse mu maukonde limodzi lotchedwa Internet Zinthu. Ndi 2020, ankayembekezera kuti m'dzikoli zidzakhala oposa biliyoni 26 zipangizozi. chiwerengero cha kugwirizana adzakhala wamkulu.

Luso la zinthu "kumva" mothandizidwa ndi zimatulutsa ndi chosonyeza motsatira malamulo adzapeza ntchito pokonza mapulani a m'tawuni, sayansi ya "wochenjera" kunyumba, kutentha ndi kulamulira magetsi kachitidwe, chitetezo, kuwunika thanzi, mabasi ndi magalimoto, retailing.

Internet Zinthu kumafuna yaing'ono kugwirizana liwiro, koma ambiri zipangizo. Kale pali Intaneti odzipereka ntchito yopapatiza pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana, ndi muyezo 5G kutukula amafuna kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito imeneyi.

Choncho, maukonde kutumiza mauthenga adzakhala ndi kuthandiza osati ogwiritsa m'manja, komanso "wochenjera" zinthu. Management kotero magalimoto sakanikira cholinga amathandiza a muyezo latsopano.

kuchedwa

Mwachionekere, yotsatira m'badwo maukonde adzavomereza ndi 5G luso magalimoto opanda ndi ntchito zenizeni augmented. Pankhaniyi, zambiri ayenera kupezeka mu nthawi yeniyeni. Handover nthawi Intaneti 4G, oposa 10 MS, umene uli kwambiri. Muyezo m'tsogolo akhoza kwathunthu kusintha zomangamanga maukonde anasamutsa yosungirako malo deta ku malo deta kuthetsa mfundo, kuphatikizapo zipangizo "anzeru".

Kupita galimoto Mwachitsanzo, amafuna deta pa malo a zoyendera yapafupi. Alipo Intaneti ndi nthenda deta kwa magalimoto atatu kale amalephera kupirira. The kuchedwa zikuluzikulu ukuthamana amafuna deta m'dera kugawa.

Amaganiza kuti Kuyankha wa m'badwo wotsatira Intaneti adzakhala maximized. Kuchedwa kufala deta sadzakhala upambana 1 MS, ngakhale pamene osachiritsika mathamangidwe a 500 Km / h. kachedwedwe Izi ndi lalikulu galimoto imayambitsa chilengedwe cha umisiri watsopano, monga kasamalidwe ka magalimoto galimoto mzinda opaleshoni chapatali.

kuwafika kugwirizana

Ngati vuto ndi tanthauzo la osiyanasiyana matekinoloje angathe akweza, njira yokha akadali akupangidwa mu 2015. Ndi chofunika kudziwa ndi zimene 5G umisiri ndi zofunika mu malo oyamba, ndi zomwe zagwiridwa ina. N'zokayikitsa kuti zimenezi zidzachitika mu 2016.

Ngakhale chosowa mfundo ndi chidaliro mwa njira zamakono patsogolo pa, kupanga makampani akuyesera kutsogolera Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa 5G umisiri kutenga malo zabwino m'tsogolo.

Nokia Company mu April 2015 analengeza kupeza Alcatel-Lucent madola US biliyoni 16.6, ndi US kutumiza mauthenga kampani Verizon Opanda zingwe analengeza kuti maukonde United States loyamba 5G lidzakhala lilipo mchaka cha 2016.

zizindikiro zoyambirira

Pali kale 5G-network prototypes. Choyamba 5G-network anapezerapo ku Korea South. The kampani luso ndi ndani Telecom anayambitsa umisiri pa kutsegula kwa pakati kafukufuku, umene ukugwira chitukuko. Ndipo kwa XXIII Olympic Games Zima mu 2018 ku Korea South, kampani akufuna kumanga zopezera 5G m'dziko lonselo.

NTT DoCoMo nayenso akukonzekera kukhazikitsa 5G-network ku Japan kwa Chilimwe Olympic mu 2020 ku Tokyo.

5G maukonde motsutsa US

5G muyezo monga mfundo m'mbuyomu, akufotokozera 3GPP Consortium ndi ovomerezedwa ndi ITU iye la International telefoni Union. Iwo samafuna kuima pambali opanga. Mu October 2015, magulu ena a dera agwirizana kukumana miyezi sikisi iliyonse ntchito udindo wamba mfundo 5G.

mgwirizano amenewa anali atafika mu September 2015 pakati pa EU ndi China. Ericsson ndi TeliaSonera anavomera pa mgwirizano njira kuonetsetsa kuti makasitomala a woyendetsa m'manja mwa Tallinn ndi Stockholm, kupeza maukonde 5G mu 2018

Ndipo pang'ono anasiya kudikirira Launch 5G-network mu Russia. MTS ndi Ericsson anasaina mgwirizano kugwirira limodzi luso lachisanu m'badwo umene chingandithandize mayeso oyamba 5G-network ku Russia pa World Cup mu 2018, zaka ziwiri izi zisanachitike kuposa 5G-network ku Japan. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mu 2016 kuti kudzachitika LTE-U ntchito kwa LTE ntchito 5 GHz, ntchito kugwirizanitsa kupeza mfundo Wi-Fi. Komanso, luso Ericsson Taphunzira Okupatsirani adzayesedwa, lomwe bungwe la kufalitsa magalimoto ndi kuchepetsa yapakati-selo kuwasokoneza, kuwonjezeka kutengerapo liwiro ndi Kuphunzira, amathandizanso pa mapulani a maukonde.

Monga mukuonera, mayiko kugwirizana kugwirizana munda. Onse, kupatulapo kwa United States amakonda kutenga ndi udindo waukulu mu zonse.

4,5G amakonzekera m'tsogolo

Qualcomm wapereka ganizo 4,5G LTE mwaukadauloZida ovomereza luso, kumayambiriro zomwe zakonzedwa zaka zinayi. Ndiyamika kampani izi tidzatha kuthandiza monga lonse osiyanasiyana mafurikwense zofunika 5G muyezo kale kufalitsidwa LTE network umene kuchepetsa kachedwedwe ndi kuonjezera matulukidwe.

Features wa maukonde:

• Mkulu matulukidwe ndi kaphatikizidwe pafupipafupi makulidwe;
• kuthandiza ntchito 32 pa nthawi yofanana ndi kuwonjezeka matulukidwe ndi kaphatikizidwe pafupipafupi ndi kufalitsa magalimoto maukonde pakati pa ntchito;
• 10 khola kuchepetsa kuchedwa poyerekeza ndi LTE mwaukadauloZida ntchito nsanja analipo mafurikwense 1 MS 70 MS;
• kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kulankhulana mzere lilinkudza zosowa za kucheza;
• kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha tinyanga pa okwerera m'munsi kuonjezera mphamvu ndi nkhani za chizindikiro;
• IoT-kusintha kwa zipangizo mphamvu zopulumutsa kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana mpaka 1.4 MHz ndi 180 kHz (mpaka zaka 10 pa batire umodzi);
• 1 Gbit / s kwa nzeru zambiri pakati pa magalimoto oyenda pansi ndi IoT-zipangizo;
• kuyang'ana chilengedwe popanda kutembenuza pa Wi-Fi kapena GPS pa foni.

zopinga zamakono

Mu Institute Fraunhofer kwa kutumiza mauthenga ku Berlin imachitika choti mafurikwense wa 40-100 GHz, ndi Samsung amagwiritsira ntchito zatsopano wake pafupipafupi 28 GHz, ndi Nokia - owonjezera 70 GHz.

Ntchito zipangizo mu millimeter waveband ali mbali monga yogawa osauka kwambiri cha chizindikiro, mphamvu zimene zayamba amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka mtunda ochokera m'munsi. Komanso, chizindikiro kusokonezedwa bwino zimayamba ndi thupi la munthu.

Anakonza - MIMO

Zipatso ndi ntchito MIMO luso (zingapo Lowetsani zingapo linanena bungwe), pamene kutumiza ndi kulandira chizindikiro angapo nthawi imodzi. Tsopano ntchito LTE ndi WLAN. Pakuti mafurikwense mkulu ntchito ikuluikulu MIMO - kukhathamiritsa sayansi ya phwando pamene foni atakutidwa ambiri tinyanga ang'ono ndi mazana - mu chopatsilira wa.

Wopanga SkyCross tinyanga analenga MIMO 4x4 dongosolo, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa 16x10 masentimita kudwala. Umenewu ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa wa tinyanga kwa LTE lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa LG G4 - 15x7,6 cm, Samsung Way S6 - 14x7 cm, ndi apulo iPhone 6 Plus ndi - 16h7,8 kuona MIMO 4x4 dongosolo si chatsopano -. Kupatula LTE-mwaukadauloZida malo, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa Kanema machitidwe TV, amafuna okhwima kukula ndi mphamvu mowa zake mlandu. Choncho, zinthu zolengedwa waung'ono foni ndi tinyanga anayi udzayesera okonza.

Kukula kwa malo kunyamula Ziyeneranso khama kwambiri. Malinga woimira wa kampani Texas Chida, kuti kulenga Chip angathe kupatsira Deta mafurikwense mkulu amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri watsopano.

Mu 2015, ntchito ya kulenga 5G muyezo inali yololedwa dzina lake IMT-2020. Ndizachisoni kuti ena onse akadali sitinamuone kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi.