Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler: mbiri ya moyo ndi yonena

Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich - Soviet screenwriter, wosewera, wotsogolera ndi kuulutsa. Iye anabadwa mu banja wamalonda wolemera Ayuda ndi, motsutsana ndi zofuna za bambo ake, iye anayamba kuchita pa siteji. Anali kuyembekezera kukhala woyamba wokondedwa wamkazi Stalina Svetlany Alliluevoy ndi chikondi chatha luso poetess Yulia Druninoy. Wake "Cinema" anali pakati pa ziwonetsero wotchuka kwambiri TV TV Soviet, ndi mafilimu limene ntchito, ndi katswiri wa mafilimu a kanema dziko.

Kubadwa ndi banja

Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler anabadwa pa September 28, 1903 (malinga ndi zina - 1904) mu Kiev, anthu olemera Ayuda. Pobadwa anapatsidwa dzina la Lazaro, koma pambuyo zimenezo. awisi anali wotchuka Kiev telala Kapler Yakov Naftalievich. Mu situdiyo wake, yomwe ili mu msikawo, kubvala za anthu onse mkulu wa likulu Chiyukireniya. Kapler zinkadulidwa ankasoka zovala cha kapangidwe iliyonse. zitsanzo lake mphatso pamwamba pa zisudzo lonse. Kuwonjezera situdiyo, James Naftalievich anali mmodzi wopambana mu Kiev bungwe kusamba, kumene kunali kotheka osati kuti konzekera, komanso kusambira mu dziwe kapena kutenga mphamvu shawa. Chuma akhama telala analinso malonda malo, umene lendi kunja hotelo "Zion" ndipo ngakhale sunagoge yaing'ono.

kumulakalaka zisudzo

Yakov Kapler ndi mkazi wake Raisa Zaharevna ankaganiza kuti Lazaro adzapita ku mapazi atate wake ndi kupitiriza bizinesi. Komabe, malonda nkhawa mwana wawo wamng'ono. Back kusukulu ya sekondale iye kwambiri chidwi luso zisudzo, ndipo anayamba kulota za akuchita ntchito. Pamodzi ndi anzanu ku sukulu anathawa, kubisala kuseri tchire atachuluka pa magombe a Dnieper, iye kuyeserera kusewera Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. Ana adatengedwa akuchita mwakuti mu 1917, atangotha zisinthe, iwo anakhazikitsa ang'ono awo zisudzo lotchedwa "Harlequin". mwana telala anali kale anatha kusintha dzina kwambiri ndipo Alexis. Ndi abwenzi ubwana Grishka Kozintsev ndi Serozhey Yutkevichem, amene anadzakhala kanjedza odziwika a mafilimu a kanema Soviet, Alexei Kapler anasonyeza amaonetsa zidole limasonyeza zochokera ndakatulo Pushkin a.

Njira yoyamba pa siteji

Oyamba mummers ankadziwa kuti Kiev, sangathe kukwaniritsa kutchuka maloto, ndipo posakhalitsa iwo anaganiza zosamukira Petrograd. Apa mu 1921, Kapler, Yutkevich Kozintsev ndi kukhazikika fakitale ya wosewera eccentric (FEKS) limene Leonid Trauberg anagwirizana posachedwa. Zisudzo mu zisudzo wongokhazikitsidwa ndi mwapadera kwa chuma zachikhalidwe. Zoimira Kiev zisudzo wodzazidwa nthabwala, maseŵeralo zidule manambala ndipo zosiyanasiyana zinachititsa mofulumira changu anthu.

Kapler Aleksey: ntchito wosewera ndi ntchito wotsogolera

Patapita zaka zochepa mu Fakisi ndi Lucy Kapler (monga Alexei abwenzi otchedwa) anali kutapa mafilimu awiri. The "Ferris Wheel", analengedwa mu 1926, iye anafika chosatha ndi pafupifupi imperceptible udindo. Mu chaka chomwecho, wosewera wamng'ono amene watenga munthu kwambiri Gogol a "The chikhoto." Nditamaliza ntchito pa mafilimu, Kapler anakhumudwa mu akuchita ntchito. Iye ankafuna kuti alenge mafilimu awo, osati kubwereza olembedwa alendo ntchito malemba.

Mu 1927 anasamukira ku Odessa ndi ntchito yothandiza wotchuka wotsogolera Alexander Dovzhenko filimu "zida". Komabe, kuyenda yaitali kuti othandizira ndi wofuna Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler sakanakhoza. Mu 1930, iye anachoka monga wotsogolera filimu yake yoyamba, "Ufulu wa mkazi" ndipo chaka chotsatira lofalitsidwa chokulungira wake wachiwiri filimu "Anga ndi 12-28." Koma Lyusyu Kaplera owawa zokhumudwitsa mu sitolo: boma la Soviet analetsa kusonyeza ntchito onse wotsogolera wake. Pankhaniyi, filimuyi "The lamanja la mkazi" anatsimikizidwa aipa chifukwa chakuti khalidwe waukulu anasiyana ndi mwamuna wake, amene kupewedwa iye aziphunzira pa anayambitsa.

Kubera bwino

Pambuyo loletsa mafilimu sanafooke Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. mbiri zake imasonyeza kuti iye anali munthu wolimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndipo kawirikawiri mphwayi weniweni. Atalephera mu ayendetsa, Kapler anayamba kuphunzira ntchito za screenwriter. Mu munda wa Alexey Yakovlevich kuyembekezera bwino kuposa kale lonse. Pakuti screenplays wake kuti filimu "Lenin mu October" ndi "Lenin mu 1918" mu 1941, iye anali kupereka yapamwamba Stalin Prize. Kenako Kapler anali mmodzi wa olemba otchuka Soviet. Iye wamanga mafilimu monga "Kotovsky", "Pakuti kuwonetsa wa m'sitolo", "milozo ndege", "Amphibian Man", "The Blue Mbalame" ndi zina zotero. D.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo, kukumana ndi Svetlanoy Alliluevoy

Mu zaka 30 Stalinist kupondereza izo zowawa unyinji wa oimira anzeru Soviet, koma iwo simunandikhudze Kapler. Adalandira boma mphoto yapamwamba, iye anakhala mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa amene angatchedwe wokondedwa chuma. Koma sizinakhalitse. Pa chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo Alexey Y. anapita kutsogolo monga nkhondo mtolankhani. Mu November 1942, iye anabwerera ku Moscow ndipo anaitanidwa mwana Stalin Vasily ku phwando odzipereka kwa chikumbutso wa October kuukira boma. mwambo panafika mwana wamkazi wa zaka 16 zakubadwa mtsogoleri wa anthu onse a Svetlana Alliluyeva. Screenwriter, amene adayamba zaka 39, kugona tulo chifukwa msungwana, ndipo iye anati kwa iye kubwerera. Komabe, kukakomana ndi mwana wamkazi wa kuti munthu waudindo waukulu sizinali zophweka. Kuwala sanapite kunyumba unaccompanied, ndi wolemba anakakamizika kuyendetsa iye zisudzo, mafilimu a kanema komanso zinthu zochititsa chidwi kuyang'aniridwa alonda.

Ana Alliluevoy wachiroma Kapler anali woyamba kwambiri kumverera, chimene iye anali wofunitsitsa kuchita chirichonse chimene iye ali. Alexei Yakovlevich pamaso kukumana ndi Svetlana anali kumbuyo boma chimodzi ndi banja awiri boma. Mu zaka 1921-1930 anakwatira Ammayi Tatyane Tarnovskoy. Ku ukwati anakulira mwana wa Anatoly. Pambuyo pa banja, anakhala nthawi ndi anzake Tatiana Zlatogorovoy, ndiye anali pa ubwenzi ndi Ammayi Galinoy Sergeevoy. Koma mwina Kapler anatambasula ndi ulemerero wa ngwazi amakonda, iye kwenikweni anam'konda mwana wamkazi wa Stalin. Iye mozama ankakonda mkazi odzichepetsa komanso ophunzira, ndipo sakanatha kuchita chilichonse ndi maganizo awo.

mmangeni

Alexei Kapler ndi Svetlana Alliluyeva Ya sanadziwe zaka zosiyana ndi kumva wamphamvu osangalala. maulendo awo kawirikawiri anali osalakwa kwathunthu, koma Stalin, pakumva za mwana wamkazi wa chibwenzi wamkulu, anadza anakwiya kwambiri. Pa malangizo ake mu 1943. Kapler anagwidwa ndi mlandu kazitape United Kingdom. Pa milandu yabodza, iye anali m'ndende kwa zaka 5 m'ndende ndipo anatumizidwa kukatumikira sentensi mu Vorkuta. Svetlana komanso bambo ake ndi lisamenye chachikulu, ndipo patatha chaka anakwatira mnzake wa m'bale wake Gregory Morozov. Pa moyo, Svetlana anali 5 nduna anthu koma kwa aliyense wa iwo Sanakumbukire mu Maulendo Ake ndi wachikondi, monganso chibwenzi chake choyamba Kapler.

Prison moyo, chikondi Valentine Tokarski

Mu Vorkute Aleksey kuthetsa ndithu mosangalala. Woyang'anira ndi kumvera chisoni filmmaker wotchuka ndi kumulola kuchoka m'ndende mzinda. Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler ntchito chithunzi labu m'derali ndipo mu tinkasangalalira analemba kwambiri ndi kuganizira za moyo. Mu Vorkuta, anakumana ndi wotchuka Soviet Ammayi Valentina Tokarski, amene anali kutumikira chiweruzo chakuti pa chiyambi cha nkhondo anagwidwa ndi Germany ndipo kupulumuka, walola kugwirizana nawo. Ngakhale mu ukapolo, wolemba anamupempha kuti akwatirane ndipo analandira chilolezo cha yankho. Tokarskaya ayerera m'ndende mlungu Alexei Yakovlevich ngakhale anakoka naye kunja kwa kuzungulira, pamene nthawi wamkulu kusimidwa, anayesa kudzipha.

Mu 1948 inatha chiganizo Kapler. Iye mwamphamvu analangiza kuti asabwerere kwa Moscow ndipo mukhale kutali kwa Alliluyeva. Alexey Y. ndi sanaganize kuyang'ana misonkhano ndi mwana Stalin, koma anaganiza zopita ku likulu, kuti mwa kupita Kiev kukaona makolo ake. Mwamsanga pamene iye anali mu Moscow, anamangidwa kachiwiri koma mulandu wina Kuzipeka anatumizidwa ku msasa m'mudzi wa Inta. Izi nthawi Kapler analibe chifundo iliyonse. Pamodzi ndi akaidi ena anayesetsa mu mgodi. chikondi kwa ena Vorkuta Valentine Tokarski chinamuthandiza kupulumuka pa nthawi yovuta. Lolingana ndi mkazi anamkonda, iye ankakhulupirira kuti tsiku lidzafika pamene iwo kukakhalanso muyaya.

Tinakumana ndi Julia Druninoy

Mu 1953 iye anafa Iosif Stalin, ndi Kapler, monga anthu ambiri ankadana naye, anali asanakalambe anamasulidwa. Kamodzi ufulu ndi Tokarskaya. Kufika mu Moscow, okonda anakasuma mlandu kwa kaundula, ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala nduna mkazi. Alexey Y. anayambiranso kulemba zolembedwa, mkazi wake anaitanidwa nyenyezi mu kanema. Koma chimwemwe m'banja lawo sanabwere. Mu 1954, Kapler 50 wazaka anaitanidwa kukaphunzitsa pa Maphunziro Apamwamba olemba script pa Union of Cinematographers. Mmodzi wa ophunzira ake anali wamng'ono koma kale odziwika poetess Yulia Drunina. Pa nthawi ya chikondi sanali ufulu ndi kwa nthawi yaitali kuyesera kuchita naye mwadzidzidzi amphamvu maganizo kwa iwo. Koma chikondi anapambana, ndipo mu 1960, analekana ndi mkazi wake, Alexei Kapler ndi Julia Drunina m'banja.

About wolemba buku ndi ndakatulo anati onse Moscow. Okonda kwa aliyense sanabise maganizo ake sanali wotopa anazindikira mnzake m'chikondi ndi zochitika onse anaonekera pamodzi. Drunina mwamuna odzipereka ambiri ndakatulo wokongola, ndipo kwa zaka atakhala naye, analemba script zabwino.

Jobs mu chimango cha

Mu 1966, iye anafika kwa ntchito TV presenter mu pulogalamuyi "Cinema" Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler (chithunzi kuchokera akonzedwa pansipa). Iye anaima pakati pa anzake. Wokongola, yowala ndi wachikoka, Kapler anali asanawerengepo zimene'zi lemba pa pepala, ndipo sanapange nkhope kwambiri pamaso pa kamera. Iye mavutowo, kunena kuti zimene akuganiza, ndipo saopa kufunsa alendo mafunso ndithu womasuka mu situdiyo. Alexey Y. anakhala amakonda kutsogolera anthu ambiri Soviet. Wake "Cinema" anayang'ana ngakhale anthu amene alibe chidwi mafilimu a kanema. Mtsogoleri yamphamvu ya pulogalamu izo zinali isanafike 1972

imfa

Alexei Kapler ndi Julia Drunina akhala pa banja kwa zaka 19. Mwatsoka, iwo analibe ana. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake wolemba ankadwala khansa, imene anamwalira September 11, 1979, pamaso kubadwa lotsatira pasanathe mwezi. Alexey Y. m'manda pa dera la Starokrymsky manda, yomwe ili pa phiri Kuzgun-baka ichidachi mu Crimea. Apa m'mandamu Yulii Druninoy yemwe anamwalira mu 1991.