Kuchulukitsa kwa ndalama pagulu. State ndi chuma

M'nkhani pansipa tikambirana chiphunzitso multiplicative la zolowa anthu, limene masiku a kutchuka ziphunzitso Keynesian anachititsa kwambiri kumveka ndi mikangano. Mutu Zidzakhala zosangalatsa aliyense amene sanyalanyaza chuma ano, monga mwa lamulo Kusakhazikika mphamvu osiyana ndi zogwirizana kwambiri kuposa kale.

Ntchito ya chiphunzitso cha multiplier mu chuma masiku ano

Nthawi zambiri, kuti dziko akhoza kulungamitsa malamulo ake ku mbali ya zachuma, limagwiritsa ntchito nambala ya zipangizo zazikulu za citukuko. Kuchulukitsa kwa ndalama zaboma ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zigawo za osiyanasiyana ili lonse, kotero chidwi ndi underpinnings ongolankhula. Kwa zaka zingapo, asayansi ambiri akuyesetsa kupeza tanthauzo la lingaliro ili ndi ntchito mkati angagwiritsire ntchito.

Monzama kulankhula, multiplier ake zimasonyeza kukula zizindikiro zachuma. Ndipo boma ndalama Russia - yotero. More kwambiri mu lingaliro ili anabwera nthumwi za chiphunzitsocho Keynesian zazikulu za citukuko, ndipo iwo anafika pa mfundo yakuti chida ichi chikuwonetsa malumikizanidwe pakati pa mphamvu ya chuma dziko ndi mlingo wa umoyo wa anthu, kaya malangizo a ndondomeko otsiriza zachuma.

Autonomous ndalama ndi multiplier

State ndi chuma n'zogwirizana, choncho palibe chinsinsi chimene kusintha bungwe lina nthawi zonse kumafuna mphamvu zina za makhalidwe munthu winayo. Zimenezi angatchedwe kupatsidwa ulemu, kuyambira chabe Kankhani yaing'ono iliyonse ya zida ndalama zinagwira cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana m'dziko lonselo.

Mwachitsanzo, yoyenda yokha boma ndalama mu chiphunzitso multiplicative anafotokoza ubale kwa kusintha mu mphamvu msika ntchito. M'mawu ena, boma ayenera kupatsidwa ndalama zina pa nkhani ya zina mwa malo anachokera, apa mungathe kuona kuwonjezeka ankaikira ndalama kwa nzika zonse. Ndipo moyenera, akuchuluka mu ntchito. Pakuti kachulukidwe phokoso chitsanzo zokwanira correlate mphamvu ya magawo awa pamodzi.

ndalama Investment

Kapangidwe ka ndalama onse ndi yaikulu kwambiri, kotero muyenera tcheru chifukwa ndi ntchito ndalama mu dziko, ndilo maziko wathanzi mpikisano chuma.

Multiplier ndalama ndalama zikusonyeza chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya ndalama mu malonda makamaka nzeru kwa mlingo wa ndalama variable opaleshoni. Choncho amaona zolondola kusamalira okha itachotsedwa ndalama aakulu mitundu utuluke zachuma.

M'mawu ena, motsatira ndondomeko yomweyo tidzatha younikira mlingo wa ndalama anapalamula boma pofuna kupititsa patsogolo zikuchitika sayansi ndi sayansi dziko, komanso ntchito yawo utuluke chonse zachuma. Ambiri, palibe zovuta mu zazikulu izi si - sitili pa mlingo ndalama otaya adzakhala wofanana ndi chizindikiro ziro, chabwino, ndi kukula kwa ndalama limakula.

ndalama msika ntchito

The multiplier wa ndalama boma mbali msika ntchito ndi osiyana Keynesian chiphunzitso, zomwe ndi zovuta kuyerekeza ndi malangizo ena alionse. Chifukwa ngati ife kale pabwino monga chodabwitsa yachiwiri ya mtengo okwana boma, tsopano tiyeni tiwone mtundu wa angathe zikuphatikizapo mfundo ndalama, kuwonjezera pa zomwe zakambidwa wathu mwachizolowezi.

Trite, koma ochepa kutsindikiza mungawononge ubwenzi zotsatirazi. ndalama msika ntchito ali kwambiri yafupika nthawi imene mtengo ndalama mkuuka. Tidziwanso kuti moyo wa anthu ambiri, ndipo ndi zimenezo, komanso kukweza kufunika kwa katundu wa kufunika chachiwiri (zipangizo, zovala, mipando), kuti pakhale pali chizolowezi abwino kusintha kwa alimi awo ndalama. M'mawu ena, ndalama M'dera lina la chuma zikuphatikizapo nyamuka mu phindu mu zina.

Ndalama zachuma ya dziko

The multiplier misonkho boma ndi ndalama mu mbali ya zachuma amatanthauza mphamvu ya kusintha mlingo wa linanena bungwe mu gawo kupanga, malingana mlingo kukula katundu msonkho. Tinganene, koyefishienti izi ndi zoipa, chifukwa chimene oimira pang'ono malonda ndikufuna kupereka gawo la phindu lawo khoka mayunitsi bajeti.

Chinthu china, ngati izo zifika Mwachitsanzo, ndi masiyanidwe msonkho pa Pe kapena chuma payekha. Pankhaniyi, katundu woyikidwa magawo - ndi mlingo chinthu ndalama: ubwino apamwamba - m'munsi mlingo. Koma ngati mchitidwe ziliri pa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zachuma, chiphunzitso chimenechi - chabe enaake, ndipo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi zinthu zenizeni ano.

A bajeti kusamala ndalama national

Kuchulukitsa kwa ndalama anthu mu maonekedwe ake angwiro, kusonyeza mphamvu ya kusintha mu mtengo wa aakulu mankhwala dziko, malingana ndi gawo la chuma cha boma wakhala anakhala ndi cholinga zogula a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala. Komanso, chithunzi ichi ndi inversely njila kwa malire a ogula propensity. Izi zikhoza anafotokoza motero kuonjezera ndalama bajeti, pamene kuchepetsa ndalama zake zopeza wake okha nambalayi wa nkhani.

Choncho, ife tikuona chilinganizo cha bajeti kugwira mowa dziko kukwera ndi kuchuluka (tiyeni kuzitcha izo A), amene amayamba ndi kuchepetsa chokhala mu katundu msonkho kwa mabizinesi, ndi ichi, nayenso, ndi zinadzala ndi kukula kwa phindu ukonde wa amalonda pa mayunitsi A.

malonda okhonda ndalama dziko

The multiplier a boma ndalama (muyeso chilinganizo zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chigawo chimodzi kiyi mphamvu imene kusintha tikufuna kudziwa) komanso ali yofunika kwambiri ulili mfundo pagulu. inawo kuzindikira kokha mwa ntchito kuchita ntchito katundu-inatha. Choncho tikhoza kunena kuti malonda yachilendo si otsiriza, koma udindo waukulu mapangidwe zinthu mtengo mfundo zachuma a boma.

Mu chiphunzitso multiplicative tisaiwale kuti ndalama anapalamula dziko ndi cholinga cha kuzindikira ntchito katundu-inatha, oyesa kusokonezedwa mozungulira mu muyezo wa mayiko ena, ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji pa mtengo wa aakulu mankhwala a mayiko, amene ndi chida mwangwiro mkati.

Choncho, phindu multiplier mu mawonekedwe a malonda yachilendo limanenedwa ngati chiŵerengero pakati GDP ndi kusintha kachulukidwe mu mtengo wa opaleshoni yotsegula anachita kunja kwa dzikoli.

anapezazo

Pamaziko a pamwamba lingaliro yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Ife tayesera kuti atsimikizire kuti kuchulukitsa kwa ndalama onse mokwanira kusonyeza kusintha mu ubale wa chinsinsi chida ndalama mfundo zachuma boma. Ndipo, mwinamwake, tinachita bwino.

Tinatha kuona kuti bwino bajeti ndi Kusakhazikika ndi atengeke zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoweta ndi ntchito yachilendo malonda a dziko, tikhoza kunena ndi chidaliro chonse: palibe ndondomeko amalephera kotheratu, koma makamaka autonomously. Kuchulukitsa kwa ndalama onse adzakhala nthawi zonse angathe kutithandiza kubweretsa ndalama kukula mtengo wa mankhwala dziko, ndi zambiri zizindikiro zina kunenanso thanzi chuma cha boma.