Anthu wamba ndi boma: mwachidule za ubwenzi

Pamaso tikukamba za ubale wa boma ndiponso anthu wamba, m'pofunika kuthandauza kwa anthu wamba. Kodi ndi wosiyana ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wa anthu? Anthu aboma popanda kuchotserapo aliyense anapereka ufulu ndi ufulu wa anthu. The boma ndondomeko iyi ndi mbali yaikulu, monga - ndi guarantor cha ubwino wa anthu ake. Modern demokalase wosankhidwa boma sangathe kugonjetsa anthu. Sikukukolana ndi anthu ena amakhala mode kudzikonda.

Kufanana ndi kusiyana

Panopa, anthu wamba ndi boma Mwachidule, simungathe Co-popanda zipani za maganizo. Ufulu wa kulankhula ndi lingaliro zofunika m'banja. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pakati pa anthu wamba ndi boma lili kwambiri kusiyana.

A khalidwe lofunika chipangizo ndi wamphamvu subordination - subordination ulamuliro wa akuluakulu ndi mnzake monga masitepe nomenclature. Anthu ufulu zachokera pa mfundo za mgwirizano mfulu. Anthu mkati dziko loipali pa maziko ofanana. mgwirizano awo anayamba mwa zolinga zofanana ndi chifuniro.

Chikhalidwe ambiri

boma sangaonekerenso popanda anthu, limene chionekera. Anthu amene amakhala pamodzi, amafuna munthu wina bungwe landale ndi mphamvu mwayekha. M'pofunika pofuna kuteteza zofuna zofanana. Ndi mfundo imeneyi, ubale matupi monga anthu wamba ndi boma. Mwachidule za awo "oyandikana" anakambirana za akatswiri wina wakale. Mwachitsanzo, anthu anzeru a Greece wakale anamanga ziphunzitso zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe cha mphamvu zandale.

Choyamba ndi boma la anthu, kuti ndi anthu. Angagwiritsidwenso anayitana fuko. Komabe, pakati pa mawu awa awiri ndi kusiyana. anthu - ndi lalikulu paphwando gulu anthu ake kuuza makhalidwe ofanana chikhalidwe ndi chikumbu mbiri. Anthu a mtundu wina, monga ulamuliro, akutsutsana mofatsa kwa anthu a mitundu ina. Lero m'mayiko ambiri amakhala mitundu yambiri. Kusiyana awo onse Amachitanso anagawira andale. Ubale wa anthu wamba ndi boma Mwachidule, ayenera kukusalani kuthekera mikangano pakati pa anthu, tikukhala mu "nyumba".

Zikamera wa anthu wamba

Kwa zaka zambiri, osauka yomweyi, anthu wamba ndi boma. Mwachidule, longosolani kusanduka motere.

Pa siteji koyamba, ndi yopindika wa prerequisites kwa zikamera wa anthu wamba. Choyamba, mu mawonekedwe a malingaliro ongolankhula. Mawu akuti "anthu wamba," anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII. Komanso ofufuza ndiye ntchito mawu izi mu osiyana penapake kuposa izo ziriri lero, nzeru. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1767 ku Scotland nzeru zapamwamba Adam Ferguson anaitana anthu wamba ndi mbali yaikulu ya chitukuko European.

Chitsanzo chimenechi chikusonyeza kuti khalidwe zofunika za anthu a zaka chikumbumtima dziko la chi. Kale, Zapakati mpaka XIX atumwi, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti palibe kusiyana kuti adzakhala ndi pakati pa anthu boma ndi boma. Fotokozani mwachidule mfundo izi zikhoza ankaganiza kuti anthu ndi losadziwika ngati woima paokha. Iwo anali akadali anapanga mabungwe demokalase zida kudziletsa lamulo. Anthu kuyang'ana mphamvu kwa Mulungu watipatsa zachilengedwe ndi unrestricted lamanja la Mafumu. Pitani ndi mfundo imeneyi ndi chotsutsana ankaona mlandu ngati inu simutero, chinachake opusa.

sayansi

Today maganizo anthu wamba anaonekera chifukwa cha ntchito ya Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles Montesquieu ndi anzeru ena. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII anayamba gawo loyamba la kubadwa kwa democracies ano. Ndicho polimbana monarchies mtheradi linapereka kumvetsa kusintha anthu European.

Pang'onopang'ono zaumunthu akhoza kupanga mfundo yakuti kucheza ndi anthu wamba ndi boma zololedwa (mwachidule mmene zingakhale "chikhalidwe pangano"). Mphamvu ndi anthu timafunika makhazikitsidwe, ndi "malamulo a masewerawo" lolamulira ubwenzi wawo. anthu Civil pakubwera nthawi imene dongosolo la ndale amazindikira lamanja anthu kuti ufulu, anatsindika kufunika kwa chuma payekha, chuma Kudzidalira. Independent umunthu - chimene chamangidwa kuzungulira dziko kwambiri patsogolo. Popanda n'zosatheka kuonjezera bwino ndi kukhazikika.

kumanga malamulo

Ziti zimene zina zimachitika kuwawonetsera anthu wamba ndi boma? Mwachidule za tigwirizane, osanenapo mbali malamulo a nkhani. Chikhazikitso cha moyo ndiponso ndale ndi kuliika mu Constitution. Lamulo limeneli n'kofunika chitsanzo malamulo a anthu. Ndi malamulo a, nzika akhoza kuteteza ufulu wawo pa nkhani ya mikangano ndi mikangano. Motsatirana malamulo anakhazikitsa la anthu, kuthandiza kukhazikitsa mu dongosolo olimba ndi ogwira malamulo.

Constitution - lamulo zofunika, koma kupatula kuti pali malamulo ena ambiri. Pamodzi, iwo anawagawa m'magulu angapo, malamulo mbali zina za anthu. Palinso malamulo amene zithandiza kumveketsa pa nkhani iliyonse malamulo awo.

chinthu milandu

Independent bwalo - chida china chimene Mzimuyo chiŵerengero cha lamulo ndiponso anthu wamba. Mwachidule mmene iye ayenera otchulidwa, ngati chabe chifukwa anali ndi thandizo la anthu mungapeze kuphedwa kwa malamulo.

Court - wochititsa mkulu wa malamulo. Ndipo ngati iye ali m'chikalata yekha chikalata ake, mothandizidwa ndi adversarial ndondomeko Company zipangizo mfundo izi osalembedwa ntchito.

kulimbikitsa

Pakuti chitsanzo ogwira andale amafuna udindo mgwirizano, amene pamodzi kuchitira anthu wamba ndi boma. Philosophy mwachidule koma momveka anayankha funso kaya, zimene mtundu ayenera kukhala paubwenzi.

The State amalandiranso udindo kuteteza nzika zake. Chida chachikulu, kukonza khalidwe la maulamuliro, ndi lamulo. Iwo amakonda utsogoleri mwankhanza ndi sapereka boma kuwononga palokha anthu wamba.

Kulekana kwa mphamvu za

ntchito State lagawidwa mitundu ingapo: Yolamula, milandu ndi malamulo. Mlembi wa lingaliro ili anakhala Montesquieu. Mu popanga chiphunzitso chake chokhudza m'buku lake "Mzimu wa Malamulo" anadalira pa kafukufuku wawo akalambula chimodzimodzi wotchuka: Aristotle, Plato ndi Locke. Mfundo Kulekana kwa mphamvu za wakhala maziko a Declaration of Human Rights, anatengera ku France mu 1879.

Ntchito chitsanzo ichi - chitsanzo chabwino cha mmene angakhalire pamodzi ndi boma, malamulo ndiponso anthu wamba. Mwachidule, longosolani chibwenzi angakhale chitsanzo cha nyumba yamalamulo - aphungu. Mu mkhalidwe malamulo ndi yosadalira pa pulezidenti ndi kusankha paokha. Choncho, mabungwe ziwiri izi zimatsutsana. Komanso, khoti palokha kuwakonda. wa ku Izi amalenga bwino zinthu. Palibe mphamvu adzatha kukhazikitsa kupondereza ndi zoika maganizo awo kwa ena. Choncho ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika zonse za dziko, chifukwa pulezidenti ndi yamalamulo amasankhidwa ndi anthu. Choncho anagwira mfundo wa mavoti otchuka. Posankha zochita, maguluwo kwenikweni kokha nacho ndi zolinga za m'nyanjazi awo. Choncho anthu wamba anakopa moyo wa dziko, kupanga bwino ndi yabwino kwambiri. Ngati nyumba yamalamulo kapena mutsogoleli wadziko zophwanya ufulu wa anthu, angathe kupita kukhoti ndipo, kachiwiri, kuteteza zolinga zawo kudzera pa chida yovomerezeka.

akuluakulu kufanana

Pa chikhalidwe cha aphungu ndi yayikulu, chifukwa malamulo zosasintha onse. Koma si mtheradi. Nthambi Yolamula ili ndi zambiri ufulu, makamaka, akhoza kupanga njira malamulo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito veto. Ndi zonse zimenezi ayenera Kutsatila lamulo lalikulu ladziko ndi malamulo ena analandira mwalamulo.

Pankhani ya Court, ndi ofunika kuti munthu ndi boma lonse. Bungweli ayenera kukhala osadalira pa chokhudza ndale, zokhota ndi sympathies munthu. Njira yokhayo adzatha kukhala wopanda tsankho muyezo wa anthu wamba ndi boma. Mwachidule dismantling mfundo za nthambi mphamvu yonse, ndi tisaiwale kuti alekane Mulimonsemo sizikutanthauza kutsutsana ofunika. Mu chochitika cha mkangano mabungwe boma monga tawerenga kupitiriza kulimbitsa chivundi akuyamba, kenako zachuma ndi kuchepa anthu athanzi.

Ufulu ndi kumasulika

ufulu nzika 'ndi ufulu zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu waukulu. The choyamba - mmodzi ndale. Izi zikuphatikizapo ufulu msonkhano mtendere, ufulu nawo chisankho (kuti osankhidwa ndi kuvota) ndi boma. Zambiri mokwanira woganizirana gulu. Amakhala ndi mbali yofunika ya ufulu wa munthu ndi kayendedwe, moyo, ndiponso ufulu wa kulankhula, kuganiza, ndi zina zotero ..

Ngati boma silinena kuti mfundozi, zifika mu njira ya kupondereza ndi Ulamuliro. Chofunikanso ndi gulu lachitatu la ufulu ndi kumasulika, okhudza mbali chuma, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha moyo wa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, zimenezi zimaphatikizapo mfundo yofunika ya inviolability katundu payekha.