Folk chikhalidwe. Russian wowerengeka chikhalidwe. Folk chikhalidwe ndi miyambo

Pafupifupi fuko lirilonse liri ndi cholowa chake. Chimodzi cha zida zikuluzikulu za HIV ndi pawailesi (folklore). Kenako m'nkhani tikambirana mfundo za mwatsatanetsatane, tiyeni tifananize ndi mumaganiza amakono.

zambiri

Mu mbiri ya mtundu uliwonse kumeneko, ndi wowerengeka, ndipo ano. Yotsirizira ndi chodabwitsa ano. Chitsanzo cha chikhalidwe otchuka: a gulu la achinyamata kuimba nyimbo ndi wojambula wotchuka, akuyendayenda m'misewu. view wina ndi yosiyana. Folk chikhalidwe ndi kuphunzira magwero a atchuthi kapena m'mafanizo, nthano, ndi mapulogalamu ena. Pa mfundo imeneyi, zimaonekeratu kuti m'nkhani yoyamba tikulimbana ndi mores ano. A wowerengeka - wowerengeka chikhalidwe - limafotokoza moyo wa atumwi wotsiriza. Zonse Mitundu ya folklore akhazikitsidwa kalekale ndipo tsopano ankaona cholowa mbiri. A mbali yaing'ono ya ntchito za zaka zapitazo wakhala mbali ya dziko ano.

mlingo wa chitukuko

Pali magulu awiri a chikhalidwe otchuka - mkulu ndi kuchepetsedwa. Woyamba zikuphatikizapo nkhani, nthano, kuvina wakale, epic, ndi zina zotero. N. yafupika ankaona kusonyeza chikhalidwe otchuka. Kwenikweni, zintchito kwa nthawi makedzana, ndi ndiAmene anonymous. Fairy nkhani, epics, kuvina nyimbo, nthano ndi mwa ntchito kwambiri wapatali kwambiri luso. Iwo alibe kanthu kochita ndi mawonetseredwe osankhika. Akukhulupirira kuti chikhalidwe otchuka wabwera mu dziko yamakono ya kalekale. mutu wake akuganiza kuti mtundu wonse. Apa, palibe ndiAmene munthu ndi Akatswiri amene anayamikira aliyense payekhapayekha. Chotero chikhalidwe ndi gawo la moyo ndi ntchito ya anthu. Ntchito zonse anaperekedwa pansi pakamwa ndi mungachite ochepa. Kusewera chikhalidwe wowerengeka akhoza kukhala munthu (nkhani, nthano), misa (carnivals), gulu (kuvina gule kapena kuimba nyimbo).

omvetsera

Society wakhala anasonyeza chidwi ano, choncho alandirika ku mafakitale ndi chikhalidwe magulu. Komabe, kuno ku positi-mafakitale zinthu zachilengedwe kusiyana pang'ono. Ngati ife kulankhula za kusiyana wowerengeka ndi chikhalidwe mkulu, ali ofanana ndi a Kusiyana mafuko akunja. Kodi kusiyana kwake? chikhalidwe National ndi mkulu imafalikira yekha mu kulemba. Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko ndi mitundu - yosiyana (m'kamwa, olembedwa, ndi ena). chikhalidwe osankhika analenga anthu ophunzira, ndi mafuko - nzika bwino ophunzira. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu amakono anachita chidwi mu chikhalidwe wowerengeka ndi miyambo.

chigawo zokongoletsa

Ndi chiyani icho? Folk luso chikhalidwe ndi munthu amene ali mwini, chifukwa mphamvu yake kuganizira zinthu zina, ndi zopanga zonse izi mu mpukutu watanthauzo akhoza kusonyeza zonse izi mu mawonekedwe a nyimbo, kuvina komanso ndakatulo. Chifukwa ichi pali chitukuko zokongoletsa wa munthu makamaka ndi anthu onse. Art chikhalidwe akhoza kuwakopera zambiri za anthu. Zonse zinalengedwa ndi akatswiri ndi Amateurs. nyimbo zonse, lyrics, ndakatulo amene lotereli, ndi anatengera kukhala luso. Munthu amene amadziŵa mmene angaperekere maganizo ake ndime, nyimbo kapena zovina, wolemera mwauzimu, iye ali ndi maganizo ofuna moona amauza zidindo wake. anthu a chaka zikomo kuti aluso chaka ndi mwayi kuti akatidzadza dziko wamumtima, mudzaze chikukanika moyo.

Russian wowerengeka chikhalidwe

zodabwitsazi amaphunzira sayansi ambiri. Aliyense chilango amaona yakeyake phunzirolo ndipo njira yake kufufuza. Voliyumu ya nkhani kusinthidwa mwakuti asayansi tiribe nthawi kuti aziona izo ndi kukhala kwa patsogolo maphunziro ndi chidziwitso munthu. Zotsatira za chikhalidwe wowerengeka tsiku lililonse likadutsa kumakhaladi zambiri. Komanso, aliyense chinthu akudzitcha kuti mbuto ikulu imene kusunga mphamvu zonse za padziko lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa mwambo nzeru zawo monga zochuluka kwambiri m'munda wa zauzimu: nthano mabuku, mbiri luso - kuchokera zithunzi kuti musicology ndi zomangamanga. Munthu aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi mu chikhalidwe Russian wowerengeka, amadziwa zinthu zonse kupambana zikhalidwe izi ngati iwo ali omveka, angathe kuwaŵerenga ndi kuika poyera. chiwerengero chawo ndiponso kudzibisa kuti kubadwa kwa zinthu wowerengeka. Ndi zizindikiro zimene mwakhama kubwereza kuti iwo anali katswiri wa chikhalidwe Russian, kuika chithunzi luso la anthu Russian.

kumvetsa

Pali maganizo osiyanasiyana pankhani mawu akuti "ano." M'munsimu muli mfundo zazikulu view:

• chophunzitsa makalasi m'munsi mwa anthu;
• lithandize "osaphunzira" anthu;
• chikhalidwe zayamba osankhika, koma akhala "adatchithisira" pansi.

Kulimba mtima kotero ikuchitika mfundo chidziwitso pa nkhani ya kuona makamaka ndimeyi mbiri.

Traditional wowerengeka chikhalidwe cha Amaya

Inakhalapo pa maziko a kumvetsa achipembedzo. Izo sizinali choncho kwambiri maziko auzimu, zili zazikulu za moyo wauzimu. chikhalidwe wamba anali kugwiritsa ntchito zawo zosiyanasiyana zipangizo, zimathandiza kudziwa ndiponso molondola kuona dziko, kuwathandiza kuti adziwe maganizo kwenikweni ndi supersensible. Malinga ndi malingaliro angapo a olemba akhoza kuvala yemweyo mlingo mfundo "chipembedzo" ndi "ano". Development wa uzimu wa amphawi ndi gwero lofunika pa patsogolo pa anthu mu Mibadwo Middle. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ambiri mofulumira Mizinda Europe. Tinakhazikika anthu ambiri anatsimikiza - linga, ang'onoang'ono ambuye amene ankafuna kusintha miyoyo yawo. ingapezeke ntchito: malonda, malonda.

mbiri

Ndi maphunziro chakale mu Russia kalelo sizinali zabwino kwambiri. Ndiye anapambana sakhulupirira za "achikunja" sayansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali ndi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri. Mwa iwo Dziwani iconography, zomangamanga mpingo, mapemphero kuimba ndi mbiri. Russian mbiri m'nthawi akhoza kukuuzani kuti cholinga cha nkhaniyo, anali historiosopher, katswiri wa nzeru ndi mbiri. Amenewa "chiphunzitso", "mawu" anali wotchuka kwambiri. Ngakhale polemba malamulo unakhazikitsidwa. Russian wowerengeka chikhalidwe, unali mbali zonse za ku Ulaya. Ndipo mukanthawi analibe kusiyana folklore Mkhristu.

chipembedzo

chipembedzo Folk ku Russia anali ndi mayina awiri mu mpingo ndi mabwalo sayansi zana la 19. Iwo anatsimikiza chikhalidwe yake kaphatikizidwe wa chikhulupiriro chathu ndiponso "achikunja" zikhulupiriro. Dzina choyamba chinali - "chikhulupiriro wapawiri", wachiwiri - ". Ziphunzitso zoweta" Woyamba imakhudzanso ntchito sayansi ndi ano, iwo anazindikira asayansi yokhala. Kwenikweni, akuti ayenera kumvetsa ndi kugwirizana pa zikhulupiriro ziwiri mu chipembedzo otchuka. Ambiri maphunziro zikhulupiliro za Asilavo wa East (ndi Russian) chidwi ethnographers waukulu umalimbana "zinachitikira achikunja", kumanganso zitsanzo chachikale chinkawavuta ndi kutanthauzira. Mu Middle Ages ku Russia ndi ku West panali kusiyana buku miyambo ndi chikumbumtima ambiri zikhalidwe anthu ochepa. Russian anzeru amene amafuna kukhala ndi Chigiriki, kuphunzira izo pansi Prince Yaroslav Wanzeru: omasulira awo analipo mu Kiev. Panali kugwirizana pakati pa Middle East ndi Russia, madera Mkhristu, ndipo kenako ziribe kanthu zomwe zinachitika si linasokonekera.

mtengo

Kodi anali mapangidwe makhalidwe abwino? Popular chikhalidwe - ndi wauzimu luso mankhwala, amene analengedwa ndi makope lonse. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti khamu la anthu, ambiri a amaonetsa. ntchito yake yaikulu ili kuti lakonzedwa osati kuchereza anthu ambiri, komanso waphindu. maganizo awo. Folk chikhalidwe zitsanzo za zomwe zaperekedwa pamwambapa, zogwirizana kwambiri masiku ano. Masiku ano, pali anthu ochepa amene alibe cholowa chauzimu cha makolo. Popular chikhalidwe kuzindikira pafupifupi munthu wa msinkhu uliwonse ndi mlingo uliwonse wa maphunziro. Mbali Aika - kuphweka (malemba, kayendedwe, zikumveka mosavuta adazindikira mwa anthu). Culture lakonzedwa kuti anthu mtundu maganizo.

kukula m'nzeru

chikhalidwe chilichonse Timaona zinthu zazikulu ndi malo amodzi. Ndithudi, kukula mwauzimu yotero. Mapangidwe chikhalidwe - chodabwitsa m'malo ovuta. Statics amapereka danga chitukuko. Imafufuza chikhalidwe chilango kufanizitsa, kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe ndi dongosolo. Izi synchronous njira yophunzirira. Culture ndi m'kagulu wauzimu, thupi, chuma ndi luso. Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane chikhalidwe chauzimu. Bukuli lili pa ntchito yolenga, amene afotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe zotengera malingaliridwe ndi zosoŵa zazing'ono anthu. Kapangidwe tichipeza chikhalidwe chauzimu; achipembedzo (zikhulupiriro, miyambo amakono), wamakhalidwe malamulo (lamulo, dongosolo wamkulu), ndale (mfundo), kuphunzitsa (zolinga za kulera ana), aluntha (mbiri, maphunziro, sayansi) gawo. Muyenera kudziwa kuti zinthu za nkhaniyi monga zakale, masewera malaibulale, cinemas, sukulu, maholo konsati, mabwalo amilandu.