Article 275 la Code Wachifwamba. Ciwembu ndi udindo pa milandu izo

zilizonse kuti kuchita ndi mphamvu yachilendo kuchita zinthu zimene akhoza kuwononga chitetezo cha yachilendo ya Russian Federation, ndi woukira boma. The Code chilango Wachifwamba kwa upandu operekedwa ndi Article 275. Kodi ana amakumana ndi kutenga nawo mbali pa zinthu zimenezi? Chilango chake chotani akhoza anapalamula ankalamula kuti? Ndipo ziti nkhawa zinthu ngati zimenezi?

kutanthauza

Mfundo monga kuukira boma ndi espionage, pali Zakachikwi. zolalika zawo chikukhudzana zoona, mbiri ya nkhondo. Makamaka, Brussels Declaration anatengera mu 1897, ananena kuti kazitape ndi munthu amene kudutsa kapena chinsinsi njira akusonkhanitsa mudziwe kuti athandize dziko lina.

Komabe, pakati pa mfundo monga "kazitape" ndi "woukira", pali kusiyana khalidwe. Woyamba akupanga zambiri m'dziko lachilendo. The chachiwiri - m'dziko la dziko lawo. Tinganene, ndizichita dongosolo chigawenga amalola naye ku ofesi, chimene chiri kutenga ku malo kwathunthu yovomerezeka ndi zomveka lili ndi mfundo yothandiza dziko. Ndi woukira boma Mwina mulinso tinganene kuti munthu mdani mu nthawi ya nkhondo. Choncho, liwu amatchulidwa mu nkhani ino, n'chimodzimodzi ndi mawu akuti "kusakhulupirika".

nkhani

Lingaliro m'nkhani ino, panthawi zosiyanasiyana ndiponso m'mayiko osiyanasiyana anamasulira mosiyana. Choncho, pansi pa iye mu England pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano anamvetsa mtundu uliwonse kuphwanya malamulo apadera achifumu. Lero, mu dziko lino, woukira boma ali ndi tanthauzo yopapatiza. Iwo anazindikira kuti ndi kuukira pa mafumu. Mu United States mu macitiro enewa wodzudzulidwa nzika kwa ikuchita nkhondo ndi boma, kugwirizana mabungwe ankhanza ndi kuwathandiza. Dziwani kuti m'dziko lino kwa woukira boma satsutsidwa palibe munthu popanda umboni wa anthu osachepera awiri. Komanso, pa theka lachiwiri la XX atumwi, mlandu upandu ndi munthu mmodzi yekha.

Ciwembu mu USSR

Pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo, mu dziko lathu akuti izi zikutanthauza ntchito zosagwirizana aliyense kalasi mfundo. Popeza 1934, m'nkhani ntchito counterrevolutionary kuyamba zochita zosiyanasiyana, komanso zilango kwa iwo. Mwa iwo anali kutchulidwa ndi woukira boma. Chilango cha chotero upandu, osati Soviet Union, komanso maiko ena wakhala kwambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri analangidwa, kawirikawiri ndi imfa.

lingaliro la "kwawo" ndi lofanana ndi mawu akuti "boma" pa Code Wachifwamba wa RSFSR. Nkhani osiyana mlandu umenewu kulibe. Mu mmasate mochedwa Mu zaka zapitazo pa maziko a mlandu wa kuchita khalidwe limeneli anaweruzidwa chiwerengero chosalungama lalikulu nzika Soviet. Nkhani yofanana unkachitika ku Germany panthawi imeneyo. Kuyambira 1960 mu Soviet Wachifwamba Code anali mwasintha kwambiri. mchitidwe Treasonable wakhala apatsidwa osiyana Nkhani 64th.

mu Russia

Zochita ndi boma nzika Russian ndi udindo. upandu khama Nkhani 275. Chilango - kundende zaka khumi kapena kuposerapo. Yokhala mu komitiyi - zaka makumi awiri. Mu 2012, Duma anatengera kusinthidwa kwa nkhaniyi, malinga ndi zimene udindo pa chigawenga overtakes ngakhale nzika amene anapereka chuma, thandizo la ndalama kapena kafukufuku ku bungwe lina. Zimenezi ndi osiyana ofunda njakata. Ndipo chifukwa kusinthidwa latsopano zinayambitsa yoweyula akuwadzudzula.

Nkhani za upandu

zolemba n'kofunika monga Article 275. woukira boma - mlandu umene chilango cha wolakwayo mukhoza kuwamasula ngati nthawi kupewa zotheka chanzeru kupweteketsa la Russia. Ndiko kuti, ngati munthu mwaufulu lipoti boma chikalata, ndi osapatsidwa udindo pa chigawenga.

Ciwembu - kuchita chinthu amene amachita ngati chitetezo kunja kwake kwa dziko. Monga phunziro akhoza ankaona mfundo iliyonse amapanga boma chinsinsi. Wozunzidwayo ndi Russia.

Ndipo tanthauzo mwachindunji chotero upandu woukira boma? Zochita monga makamaka espionage. Kulengezedwa a zinsinsi boma , ndi njira ina kuthandiza gulu yachilendo, ntchito zomwe kumatanthauza mavuto aakulu kwa chitetezo cha Russia, komanso ankalankhula za mfundo za upandu zinafotokozedwa Art. 275 wa Code Wachifwamba.

espionage

Njirayi imatchedwa zosonkhanitsira, HIV, ndi kusunga kuba zachinsinsi - koma aliyense angachite chinthu kugwa pansi tanthawuzo la "woukira boma mkulu". Mosiyana ndi kazitape woukira boma ndi nkhani ya vutolo. Ndi chiyani icho? Pereka woukira boma likhoza kukhala nzika za dziko makamaka kwa ife - Russia. espionage ndi mlandu yekha wa ochokera m'mayiko akunja.

Monga tanenera kale, nkhani ya upandu pansi Art. 275 wa Code Wachifwamba akhoza kukhala china chilichonse chimene kosamugonjera Kuwulura. Ziti monga akewo? Ciwembu - kuchita zimene zimaphatikizapo issuance mfundo zokhudzana ndi zankhondo, zachuma, sayansi, malamulo ena ndi nzeru ntchito za la Russia. Kufalitsa nkhani za chikhalidwe ichi akhoza kuwononga zogwirika kuti chitetezo cha dziko. Choncho, zikalata, kufala limene amaliona monga woukira boma (a Code Wachifwamba), amalembedwa "wachinsinsi" kapena a gulu lapadera. Ngati mfundo zimenezi kwa akuluakulu a boma awo amatumiza nzika yachilendo, ndiye tikulankhula espionage - mlandu zimene zinalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri nkhaniyi. 176 wa Code Wachifwamba. Chilango cha cholakwa ndi - m'ndende kwa nthawi ya zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.

Kusiyana kwina kwa kazitape boma Kusakhulupirira ndi zinalili kale mlandu zoperekedwa monga zithunzi, zithunzi, matchati, kapena kukonza chilichonse, ndi zikalata ofanana lamulo. A nzika yachilendo ali ndi ufulu kusunga mtundu uwu zambiri. Ndipo kotero kuti aulande, ndipo kenako anakhala chuma cha boma, izo akupereka kuba.

njira zina athandize boma yachilendo

Ciwembu (Article 275 la Code Wachifwamba.) - ndi upandu umene sikumangotanthauza kulanda mudziwe wachinsinsi monga "chinsinsi pamwamba." Zimenezi mwina zinthu zina zimene zimachititsa cholinga wa kampani yachilendo, amene kuchita zinthu koopsa Russia. The zili kuchita zimenezi kungakhale yosiyanasiyana.

Mu udindo wa akuganiza mlandu woukira boma akhoza theoretically kuchita nzika ya Russia, amene sali nawo mbali pa ntchito za espionage bungwe, koma ali ndi thandizo.

Amene likuoneka kuti Article 275?

Ciwembu - mlandu umene angakhoze kunditsutsa Russia, nthumwi msilikali kwa intelligence yachilendo, kusankha nyumba abwino mabungwe omwewo kuthandiza ntchito ndodo utumiki. Ngati kukhazikitsa zochita onsewa oletsedwa anachita zochita zina za ndale ndi wamba chikhalidwe chigawenga, iwo ayenera kuonedwa paokha.

Kuchokera pamwamba tingapeze mfundo yotsatirayi: mbali cholinga cha kuukira boma amakhala ndi zochita monga espionage, Kuwulura zinsinsi boma ndi njira zina zothandizira mabungwe akunja kuti sizigwirizana ndi zofuna za la Russia.

Akuti lamulo la mlandu woukira boma anaonekera kwa ena kusintha zisakuyenda bwino. Zimene tafotokozazi si nthawi zonse mlandu. Ciwembu kapena espionage, osati kale anali ngati kulanda mudziwe wachinsinsi.

zolinga

Zotengera malingaliridwe mbali ya upandu ndi cholinga mwachindunji. zochita Treasonable ndi zolinga zandale kapena kudzikonda. Zochita milandu, pali milandu kumene kulimbikitsa zinthu ngati zimenezi monga woukira boma (a Wachifwamba Code Art. 275), ndi kufuna kupeza dziko lachilendo.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani izi vuto Wonenedwa. Tiyeni tinene kuti CEO mmodzi wa makampani yotulutsa mbali munda roketi ntchitoyo, ntchito zolinga zadyera (ena kuposa mphotho mfundo ngati "kugwirizana", bungwe lachilendo limene kuthandiza boma wompereka nzika ndi kulembetsa), anadutsa zachinsinsi kunja. Maulendo kawirikawiri kunja wotsogolera chidwi ntchito mmboma. Komabe, chifukwa cha mwambo mlanduwo anali mawu a mmodzi wa antchito. Machitidwe anachita kumutu ndi zizindikiro za mlandu pansi Article 275, amene adzakhala alamulidwa.

Amene akhoza tikudzipereka zochita treasonable?

Nkhani izi kuchita upandu yekha Russian amene mfumukazi zaka sikisitini. Malinga ndi milandu wachifwamba amaonedwa konse mlandu nzika yachilendo kapena anthu stateless. Iwo sangakhoze kuchita mayesero monga mlandu incitement. Izi ndi kulunjika lomwe lili m'nkhani ya Code Wachifwamba. Ciwembu - kuchita zimene angathe kulandira chilango yekha nzika ya la Russia. Komanso, kunena, nkhani 106th ( "The Kupha wa mayi wakhanda"), khoti limaletsa okha mayi wa mwana ndi munthu wina aliyense. Choncho, woukira boma ndi espionage - mlandu mosamalitsa mwakukonda kwanu. Azondiwo, monga zanenedwa, amatha kugwiritsa yekha mlendo.

Kusiyana maganizo pakati maloya

Akatswiri sizigwirizana kuti amene akhoza mlandu woukira boma; iye amene ali nacho chidziwitso pamaziko a ntchito zawo, kapena amene analandira zambiri ndi kuba. Ena theorists ndi madokotala ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi angakhale munthu amene anali wodalirika zikalata amapanga boma chinsinsi. Komabe, kuzindikira zimenezo si mu milandu wachifwamba. N'chifukwa chake Mlandu woukira boma mkulu akhoza chikalata kwa aliyense amene anakamunenera ndi zachinsinsi.

zinthu wosamasula

Wachifwamba udindo woukira boma zina kuchotsedwa wolakwayo. Iwo anatinso nkhaniyi. 275. Koma kwa wosamasula chilango ndikofunikira kusunga zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Zaufulu yake matupi uthenga mphamvu zambiri mabuku. Zimenezi kupewa kukumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha mfundo yachilendo dziko, chotero kuchotsa udindo. Koma dziŵani kuti chizindikiro chofunika cha kuzindikiridwa Zoonadi zaufulu yake.
2. Pakalibe upandu wina, osati zokhudzana woukira boma.

Ngati wina zinthu ndi kukhuta, koma gawo, angathe n'komwe mu Kuthi monga mitigating chochitika.

jurisprudence

Information kuti sangathe kuwuluridwa, ali pafupifupi yazamalamulo kapitawo. Ngati nzika, kutenga apolisi kapena mabungwe onse a boma ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri kampani akunja amatumiza mauthenga analandira chifukwa cha ntchito akatswiri anakumana aakulu kwambiri zilango chigawenga.

Monga umbanda wina ofanana colinga angathe kutumikira tiganizira yekha wodzikonda. The chifukwa cha Kuthi wa pa mfundo za machitidwe oterewa zigawenga amakhala m'ndende yaitali boma wompereka Iye.

Mu mlandu ndithu udindo mitigating zinthu. Pambuyo kuchita chimene chinapangitsa chuma mfundo yachilendo ya Russia zinawonongeka kwambiri, initsiiator zosaloledwa, pokhala nzika la Chitaganya cha Russia, kuti sangathe chiyembekezo kwa easing kwambiri chilango. Munthu mlandu wa kuukira boma, kupondeleza ufulu kwa nthawi ya zaka zosachepera khumi ndi ziwiri.