Asilikali zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo, Akatswiri ndi Signal Corps silikhali Utumiki St. Petersburg

Asilikali zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo asonkhanitsa mndandanda wa manja zaka 300. ndalama zimasungidwa rarities chibwenzi kumbuyo kwa zaka za m'ma 15, ndi zida zamakono amatha kunyamula zokwana nyukiliya. The kufotokoza mwadzaza amapeza mbiri, ambiri alibe analogues.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Asilikali zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo anaonekera St. Petersburg, komanso ambiri zokopa za chiyambi cha mbiri ya mzinda, pa chifuniro cha Peter I. The m'chigawo choyamba kuyambira 1703 ili mu zankhondo, pa Foundry Avenue, kumene kusunga mfuti akale. Malo panopa, pa Kronverk Petro ndi Paulo linga, m'nyumbayi anagwidwa mu 1869.

Pomanga "kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga mtima" (kronverka) anali anayambitsa mu 1705 kuteteza njira kumpoto kwa mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Ntchito yomanga inatha mu 1709. Long yomanga anapangitsa moto kumene kunachitika mu 1706. Mu malo a nyumba tcheru anaiika malo - chakudya, zida zankhondo, Cannon, anali wokonzeka doko la zombo zapanyanja, m'nyumbayi asilikali achitetezo ndi kusunga chida cha Preobrazhensky Regiment.

Mu 1752, kukhazikitsanso zinachitikadi, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 19 onse nkhokwe zilipo zida m'manja mpanda wolimba kwambiri. gawo anakhala kronverka kutumikira monga partikuljarnoj doko la zombo zapanyanja. Mu 1808, nyumba munali sukulu ya shipbuilding ndi amalinyero. Open kuti Kronwerk Museum of History usilikali anapereka Mfumu Nicholas Ine, nayenso akufuna dongosolo. ntchito Design anatumizidwa ku wamanga PI Taman.

Kronwerk ndi Museum

Maziko a nyumbayi inatha mu 1851. Yomanga zinachitikadi ndi phiko lamanja, mkati kokha chinkhoswe wamanga V. K. Reyr. The nyumba yosanjikizana ali mawonekedwe a horseshoe, ndi mezzanine inali pamwamba pa tambirimbiri opunthira choyamba.

pamakoma zomangamanga amatikumbutsa nyumba European mpanda wa Ages Middle. Utali pamodzi mzere ofananira ndi 472 m, makulidwe a makoma akunja ndi mbali kutsogolo za 1.8 mamita, mbali mkati - mamita 1.3.

Kutumidwa chinachitika mu 1860, nyumbayi kunditumiza ku ulamuliro wa Dipatimenti zida zankhondo. Mu January chaka chotsatiracho, Old nkhokwe, yomwe inali pa Foundry Avenue, nayamba kunyamula mfuti pa malo atsopano kukhudzana.

Tatseka kum'mwera kwa chipata pabwalo ndi gorge khoma mu 1861, ndipo Kronverksky Khwalala pamodzi mzere wa padoko atavala lubwe ndipo akukonzani Marina. Mu 1868 maselo kanthu ndende inali ku phiko lamanja, anatembenuka pa zipinda zakale, kumene kuika zotsalira za zida zankhondo owonetsera zakale.

History zosonkhanitsira

Tsar Peter ndinali akukhudzidwa polemba zosonkhanitsira, amene wosindikiza lamulo wapadera, anatumiza kwa akuluakulu onse a Russian Ufumu. Akusonyeza akubwera kuchokera konsekonse pa dziko, ku chigawo Smolensk anafika pa kulingalira 37 mfuti (mfuti mortars). Ndiyeno mfumuyo inatumiza nthawi kuyendera zida ndiye zambiri anatumiza kuti anasungunuka pansi zida zankhondo yatsopano, ndi chofunika kwambiri kukula deta ya zankhondo.

anathandiza kuti ntchito m'nyumbayi anathandiza aliyense amene akanatha ndipo ankafuna. Mu amalonda 1722 ndi F. P. Borsukov Anikeev POGAWANA analandira mwa asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda mmodzi wa zida za wotchuka Russian mbuye Andreya Chohova - Cannon "Mfumu Achilles" - ndipo anapereka kwa nyumbayi. Mfuti "Inrog" ulamuliro wa Ivana Groznogo anabweretsa likulu la German Johann ndi m'manja dipatimenti zida zankhondo, pamene iye anapita ku chipinda chodyeramo. Zochuluka choyamba cha zopereka zinachitikadi mu 1725, chaka chomwecho zochita pa kulanda onse mfundo mbiri lankhondo la St. Petersburg ndi Moscow ku usilikali-zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo.

Buku lathunthu la moyo owonetsera zakale anayamba ndi mayikidwe ake Kronverk linga. mbali ya bwalo wakhala allocated zida lolemera. Poyamba zosonkhanitsira ankatchedwa "Nyumba ya zinthu losaiwalika", kuyambira 1903 dzina linasinthidwa kukhala the Historical Museum wa zida zankhondo. Kudziwika analandira pambuyo 1872, pamene gawo chionetserocho nawo chionetsero Polytechnic, odzipatulira kwa chikumbutso 200th kubadwa kwa Peter I.

Chiyambi cha ntchito ya sayansi

Kafukufuku ndi ntchito sayansi nyumbayi anayamba ndi udindo wake monga mkulu wa mbiri asilikali NE Brandenburg. khama lake anali kulenga ndi Archive, laibulale, nayamba kulalikira m'ndandanda. Ndalama zinatumizidwa kudzadza mfundo mbiri ku arsenals wa Ufumu Russian - Kiev, Bryansk, Kazan, etc. A mbali ina ya chopereka zapita mchitidwe umenewu -. Solovetsky, Tikhvin, Cyril Belozersky, komanso ndalama ku mabungwe ena ndi mabungwe -. Amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida, m'mabwinja Commission, etc. The zosonkhanitsira anayamba kuchita mitundu ano zida.

Popeza 1889, m'nyumbayi ndinkakhala nalo chikondwerero cha chikumbutso 500th wa zida zankhondo Russian, amene kwalimbikitsa chidwi onse ankhondo ndi zopereka, laibulale ndi ntchito za bungwe la. Nyumba ya nyumbayi amatenga alendo masiku atatu sabata, miyala ndi laibulale anali wotseguka ku ntchito ya olemba mbiri asilikali, ofufuza.

Kuukira ndi nkhondo

Pamene ulimi itayamba, asilikali-zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo mu St. Petersburg anali anasamutsidwa kuti Yaroslavl kuti tisunge ndalama. Atatu mabwato kumtunda kutumiza pafupifupi 75% ya ndalama zonse, mlandu oposa 200,000 zikalata archival ndi 70,000 zinthu wapadera. Koma pali sidawapulumutse makhalidwe onse.

Dera la Spassky ansembe yotchedwa kumene anapitiriza zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi zikalata, wakhala bwalo kwa misa chosintha. The kusiyana zinachititsa moto, amene anatentha 2 zikwi mbendera, a zikho zonse za nkhondo, pafupifupi 300 mitundu ya zida wakale. Komanso kwathunthu anataya Archive wa theka lachiwiri la m'ma 18, mbali zowonongeka m'chigawo awasungira pa Bwato lapansi.

kuwonongeka ndithu anachititsa osefukira zimene zinachitika mu Leningrad mu 1924, koma ndodo anatha kusunga zonse zimene zinali zotheka, ndi kukuza mndandanda wa chimaposa cha zakale 27.

The anatseka misewu ya usilikali-zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo (St. Petersburg) mobwerezabwereza pansi shelling, koma ndalama otetezeka pogona ndi anadzazidwa ndi zida anagwidwa ndi zotsalira za Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mu 1946 m'nyumbayi kunditumiza ku Ofesi ya Academy of zida zankhondo Sciences. Woyamba positi-nkhondo chionetsero anatsegula November 24, 1946, iye anali odzipereka kwambiri zotsalira za nkhondo itatha. Subordination cha nyumbayi anathandiza kukhazikitsa zozama kusonkhanitsa pamodzi, kumasula akalozera angapo, bungwe msonkhano ndi kufufuza mwayi kwa chilengedwe cha zinthu zoyenera pa kusungiramo zinthu zamtengo wapatali.

Kuphatikiza ndalama

Popeza 1948, asilikali zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo anayamba apereke Mipikisano buku lofotokoza za mbiri ya zida zankhondo Russian. Mu 1963, ndalama anali kudzadza mndandanda wa ku Central zakale Museum ya usilikali Engineering, omwe anasonkhana pa zaka 150. Zosonkhanitsira zikuphatikizapo mbiri zitsanzo malo a asilikali ku nkhondo za kukonda dziko lako nkhondo Napoleon mu 1812, Chirasha Turkey ndawala 1877-1878 Wamkulu kumpoto Nkhondo ya 1700-1721.

Asilikali zakale Museum la asilikali zomangamanga kudzadza ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho latsopano ndi yachokera mu 1965, pamene iye anali m'gulu la asilikali Museum wa zoulutsa. Mwa zotsalira wapatali - woyamba mu atomu wanthambo mu 1832, anatulukira ndi Kwacha PL, wailesi A. S. Popova, 1895. chidwi ndithu ndi Baudot wanthambo, imene uthenga kugonja kotheratu kwa Germany analandiridwa mu 1945.

Kenako kukulitsa chifukwa kusamutsa kwa Asilikali History Museum Zosonkhanitsa la nyumbayo Museum M. Kutuzov, ili mu Poland. Mwapadera Kutuzov Hall analengedwa kuti zinthu za chopereka.

mafotokozedwe

Pa gawo lino la asilikali-zakale Museum ya zida zankhondo ndi kusonkhanitsa waukulu zamtengo ndi zikalata osati Russia komanso dziko. Mwa mpanda wa kronverka anasonkhana zosonkhanitsira yaikulu ya zida za mbiri yakale, zikalata archival, nkhondo zida zomangamanga, mphoto ndi mbendera ya Nthawi osiyana, mikono ang'ono ndi mipeni. maholo Museum ali chokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula za akatswiri otchuka, ziboliboli, zithunzi za mafumu ndi akazembe.

ndalama nonse ankakhala mu maholo 13 ndi malo okwana chimakwirira 17 zikwi mamita lalikulu. The thumba owonetsera zakale tso 850 zikwi zinthu wapadera chidwi sayansi, mbiri yakale komanso luso. Chidwi cha anthu ndi asayansi Ustiug chakudya (14-16 atumwi), mfuti gunsmith Yakobo chojambulidwa cha m'ma 15, rifled chida 16-18 zaka.

Kunyada kwa deta ndi kuyambitsa kwa ambuye Russian mmikono - Mosina S. I., A. P. Engelgarda, V. S. Baranovskogo ndi yaikulu mu dziko phindu la mndandanda wa manja ang'ono ndi zida bladed. Ena mwa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zokambidwa ndi okonza, monga ngati Kalashnikov mfuti.

Luso ndi mbiri yakale Mtengo kutsogolo kettledrum magaleta, kupangidwa ndi m'misili Russian ndipo anafuna kuti katundu waung'ono Cannon ndi mbendera zoseketsa asilikali Tsar Peter I. The nthandala ya zipinda zilipo ndi pafupifupi mphoto onse ankhondo a mafumu Russian, Zamgululi ku Krustalo, ntchito siliva aluso wotchuka nthawi yake, chida munthu akazembe ambiri, mafumu, Soviet atsogoleri a asilikali.

malo osewerera panja

Mu 2002, pambuyo pa ntchito yomanga chionetsero kumene anatsegula ili m'bwalo la nyumbayi. Iwo ali ndi malo a mahekitala oposa 2, mapangidwe zopereka anayamba mu 50s oyambirira. Open mwayi alendo anapereka makope oposa 250 wa zida zankhondo mfuti kopita zida mzinga, njira kulankhulana ndi luso zomangamanga ntchito ya usilikali.

Zosonkhanitsira zikuphatikizapo zipangizo za ulimi zoweta ndi achilendo, kuphimba panyengo zosiyanasiyana zakale - kuchokera wakale zipangizo zamakono chida. Mlendo naye bwino ndi kudzikonda injini ndi towed zida, odana ndi ndege mayunitsi, kuphatikizapo mayunitsi ndi onyamula zokwana nyukiliya. chidwi chachikulu ali wamkulu komanso kukhudzana ana, maulendo omwe amachititsa usilikali-zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo. Photos zida zankhondo ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zina kalekale kukhala mbali kuvomerezedwa za pulogalamu ya maulendo.

The Chimatisi yopemphereramo nyumba kulenga wina wa nthambi ya nyumbayi, imapatuliridwa mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi kufalitsa cadet Corps mu boma Russian. nyumbayi si mwangozi. Linamangidwa ndi mmisiri wotchuka Quarenghi ndi mbali ya gulu loyimba wa Vorontsov Palace, pamaso anawaika Page Corps ya Imperial Wake Ufumu.

Museum wa History wa cadet Corps adzatiuza nkhani ya Kadetstvo ku Russia mpaka 1917, a Cadet kuyenda mu ukapolo. kusonyezedwa Special Amakonda sukulu yapadera asilikali - Suvorov ndi Nakhimov, kukonzekera, ndipo amasonyeza chitsitsimutso sukulu asilikali Russia lero.

Permanent chionetserocho

Permanent chionetsero imafalira pa maholo 13. Pa maguwa anapereka ozizira, mfuti, mfuti, nkhondo ndi zida zomangamanga, mauthenga ochokera kwa oyambirira kuti maofesi ano, mphoto, mbendera asilikali kuwalitsa mbiri ya zida zida zankhondo za asilikali kuyambira zaka 14.

Nyumba ya nyumbayi:

• History zida zida zankhondo mpaka cha m'ma 19.
• Mbiri ya asilikali zida zankhondo ndi zida pamaso 1917.
• Mikhail Kutuzov ndi nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.
• History mphamvu zida zankhondo nthawi zaka 1918-1941.
• 2 zipinda odzipereka zida zankhondo nthawi 1941-1945 Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo nthawi.
• Mbiri ya chitukuko chida.
• asilikali injiniya Russian chisanadze chosintha nthawi.
• Army Corps wa Akatswiri kuyambira 1917.
• Kalashnikov Hall.
• Signalers panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri (1941-1945 g).
• Mbiri ya chiyambi ndi chitukuko wa Signal Corps.
• Nyumba ya mbiri ya chida 15-17 zaka European.
• Mbiri ya cadet Corps, masukulu Russian asilikali.
• Panja malo osewerera.

zisudzo

Kuwonjezera pa kufotokoza okhazikika, zisudzo, Kusinthaku, m'nyumbayi unachitikira amene ali makamaka lalikulu kapena lalingóno zipinda chokumanako. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, ambiri anafika anali "Zida za m'ma 20", "Mfuti nthano za m'ma 20", "Mphamvu Special ndi mantha" ndipo ena ambiri.

Mapepala okhomedwa mu 2017 amapereka kukaona chionetserocho:

• "Russian mphungu mu Balkans" (lidzakhalapo mpaka mapeto a January 31, 2018). Zoyenera tsiku 140th wa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo.
• "Nthawi ife anasonkhana regiments nkhondowo ..." (umatha kumapeto kwa September 2017). Ndinakumana kuganizira kagawo nthawi zochitika ndi yonena za msilikali-General VE Taranovich.
• "Kupambana Design" (lotseguka mpaka September 2017). Zoyenera kuti patha zaka 120 ya mlengi mfuti-makina PCA WWII G. S. Shpagina.
• "Zitasintha chuma D. Brianchaninov" (mpaka mapeto a May 2017). Anamuuza za moyo, ndi tsogolo la ntchito za St. Ignatius Brianchaninov.
• "Kuyambira OSAVIAHIMa kuti Yunarmii" (mpaka September 30, 2017). Zoyenera mbiri ya sukulu DOSAAF.

zisudzo zosakhalitsa motsogozedwa maulendo, amene adzakhala chidwi kwa achikulire ndi ana.

Reviews

Asilikali zakale Museum la ndemanga zida zankhondo ndi sukulu zabwino analandira chokwanira, wolemera mbiri cholowa, maulendo khalidwe ndiponso zimene mosayembekezera kumene kupanga alendo onse amene analowa zipinda. Alendo taonera bajeti mitengo tikiti ndi kulola zithunzi chionetsero chachikulu, komanso kupeza ufulu malo.

alendo onse anadabwa weniweni bwino anasunga kawirikawiri mitundu ya zida. The kufotokoza zinali zosangalatsa osati alendo wamwamuna, ambiri apeza kugonana chilungamo. Alendo mwansangala amalangiza kukaona m'nyumbayi ndipo akukhulupirira kuti, kum'menya kamodzi, aliyense mukufuna kubwerera kangapo.

maganizo oipa, koma pali madandaulo za kuyatsa osauka a zipinda zina, makhalidwe chachifupi kwambiri ndi mapepala mfundo ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho chidwi.

mauthenga othandiza

Kodi asilikali zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo? Vutolo nthawi: St. Petersburg, Alexander Park, Kumanga 7 (Art "Gorky" okwerera sitima.).

chikuonetseratu:

• Akuluakulu - 400 rubles.
• Ana - 250 rubles.
• Magulu ŵakwenera alionse - 250 rubles.
• Ophunzira sekondale, ophunzira sukulu oyamba, pensioners - 100 rubles.

Malipiro ndi ndalama, makhadi sawalola. Phone chifukwa nkhaniyo angapezeke pa webusaiti boma lomwe, ndithudi, ndi asilikali zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo.

The opaleshoni akafuna maholo chionetsero - 11: 00-18: 00, azisangalalo - Lolemba ndi Lachiwiri ndi aliyense Lachinayi yomalizira m'mweziwo.

Sikuti showrooms chidwi usilikali-zakale Museum wa zida zankhondo. History umaonekera zikalata, yachokera, mabuku a mbiri yakale, kukumana zimenezi mu laibulale bungwe lasayansi. Maola - Lachiwiri ndi Lachinayi (11: 00-17: 00), wosiyana archival zikalata mumatsegula Lachitatu ndipo Lachisanu (10: 00-16: 30).