Zinthu zachilengedwe ndi malo lawolawo la likulu Norilsk mafakitale

Norilsk wagawo mafakitale ili pa Taimyr Peninsula kumpoto kwa Krasnoyarsk Gawo, ndi imodzi mwa zovuta dziko lonse kupanga migodi ndi zitsulo. Ngakhale kuti ili pamwamba Arctic Circle, ndi nyengo ndi wovuta kwambiri, m'matauni kuti kutumikira mabizinezi, moti anthu 200,000.

Mbiri ya chitukuko

Zizindikiro woyamba migodi miyala pafupi ndi Norilsk malo mafakitale kunayamba Mkuwa Age - ozungulira nyanjayi Pyasino anapeza zipangizo ndi zida zofunikira yadothi ake. Mu zaka XVI-XVII mzinda sanali kutali ndi kuno Mangazeya, anthu amene amayamba madipoziti mkuwa. Koma kutsekedwa a kumpoto kwa Nyanja Route anatsogolera kugwa wake.

Mu 20 ntchentche za m'ma XX Wofufuzayo wotchuka Nikolay Nikolaevich Urvantsev anachita mndandanda wa Maulendo, ndipo anatsimikizira kukhalako kwa nkhokwe yaikulu ya chuma mchere m'deralo. Anamanga mu 1921 kanyumba ndi nyumba yoyamba Norilsk ndi zitetezedwe Museum.

Polingalira za anapeza nkhokwe yaikulu ya zachilengedwe, mu 1935 anaganiza kuyamba kukula. Norillag iwo unachita bungwe, zomwe akaidi zitsulo chachikulu ntchito mphamvu. akaidi Gulag anamanga mafakitale, ngalandezi zomangamanga ndi nyumba. Pofika mu 1941 ku Madzi oundana iwo anamanga ndege, sitima, 4 mafakitale, mabomba, nakumba 6 quarries angapo. Correctional msasa chinatsekedwa mu 1956, ndi chitukuko winanso wa District Norilsk Industrial (CPD) anapitiriza popanda kugwiritsa ntchito m'ndende.

zinthu zachilengedwe

zinthu Natural wa Norilsk malo mafakitale n'lalikulu kwambiri chifukwa kukhazikikamo. M'dera limeneli, nyengo subarctic ndi yozizira chisanu ndi ozizira kumatenga za 9 miyezi, ndi m'chilimwe ndi waufupi. pafupifupi July kutentha ndi m'munsimu madigiri 15. Pankhaniyi, chisanu miyezi ya chilimwe, akumeneko n'zosadabwitsa. Zikatero, nthaka konse afika ofunda ndi Madzi oundana akusokoneza chizindikiro kwambiri pa luso yomanga nyumba.

Komanso, m'madera ambiri padziko likulu Norilsk mafakitale pafupifupi palibe mitengo Komabe, kampani okha adayamba kumanga, panali wandiweyani nayonso nkhalango. Tsopano asungidwa mu ochepa zitsamba. Izi makamaka chifukwa mpweya amphamvu awonongeka. M'mizinda zisakuyenda angabweretse mitengo zitsulo, masamba amene ku malo - LEDs.

Udindo Hrs wa unit Norilsk mafakitale lili ndi chinthu chinanso zachilengedwe - masiku kumalo ozizira ndi usiku. Kuyambira May 19 July 25 dzuwa sikupatsa, ndipo likadzafika yozizira yekha kwa maola 2-3. Kufunika zonse ntchito kuyatsa yokumba osati kumawonjezera mowa mphamvu, komanso amaika kukakamiza maganizo a anthu. Azilipira kuwonongeka ichi, ndi kupanda greenery m'mizinda, nyumba Norilsk utoto mitundu yowala.

Mchere lalikulu NDP

M'dera la Norilsk wachotsa ndalama yaikulu chuma monga mkuwa, faifi tambala, cobalt, pulatinamu, golide, siliva, palladium, iridium, rhodium ndi ena. Mu ndondomeko ya chiyeretso ndi processing wa ores komanso olekanitsidwa: sulfure ndi chidulo cha safuriki, selenium ndi tellurium. Komanso, panopa akupangidwa, osati chuma zonse zachilengedwe zopezeka mu malo Norilsk mafakitale ndi Akatswiriwa kafukufuku.

Ngakhale kuti anthu a m'mizinda ya NDP nthawi zonse kucheperachepera, mabizinesi kupitiriza kukula ndi chidwi chuma mchere mu Taimyr Peninsula boma si yafupika.

specialization dera

Kumzinda waukulu ndi Norilsk. Ndi chitukuko cha m'deralo anayamba ndi kumanga ake. Kuli pang'ono anthu oposa 100 zikwi. mzinda adjoins mkuwa zomera, malasha kutsuka chomera, makilomita 3 kutali ndi zanga. Mu 2005, midzi ina yonse Ankawaphwanyira mthupi mwawo ndipo anayamba Borough wa Norilsk monga zitaganya ake.

M'dera wachiwiri kukula mu gawo la likulu Norilsk mafakitale - Talnakh, ndi 25 Km ku likulu. anthu ake - zikwi 50 anthu. Yomanga inayamba pano mu 1960 Atapeza madipoziti lalikulu miyala mkuwa faifi tambala. chitukuko zake nthawi zonse.

Mu malo lachitatu Kayerkan ndi anthu anthu pafupifupi 25 sauzande, amene anali Ufumuyo Norilsk. Mudzi anamanga pafupi ndi migodi, yemwe anachitika migodi ya malasha. Komabe, kale mu 70s wa atumwi wotsiriza ogwira NDP kugwiritsa mafuta mpweya, ndi kuchuluka kwa m'zigawo chuma achepetsa. Area chinali chopanda chifukwa anapeza makilomita angapo kuchoka ku Nadezhda zitsulo Bzalani.

Komanso m'chigawo mzinda zikuphatikizapo m'mudzi Snezhnogorsk, mumakhala anthu Ayenela-Hantayskom HPP ndi Oganer kumene kuchipatala ndi 1000 mabedi.

mavuto m'maderawa

An malo kovuta Hrs khamu Norilsk mafakitale amachititsa mavuto ambiri, mkulu pakati pawo - kugula. m'dera alibe kulankhulana dziko ndi mizinda ina, kupatulapo lalikulu nyanja doko Dudinka, yomwe ili makilomita 90. N'kumene akuthamanga waukulu zoyendera madzi mtsempha wamagazi - mtsinje Yenisei, imene katundu chochuluka ikagwa m'madera ena. Waukulu wodutsa magalimoto ndege zoyendera zouluka kuchokera ndege "Alykel". Iwo kupulumutsa katundu pamene navigation pa Yenisei kutsekedwa.

Vuto lina lalikulu malo Norilsk mafakitale - mkulu mlingo wa kuipitsidwa. Machubu zomera pachaka zimatulutsa ndi kuchuluka kwa woipa sulfure, phenols, particles heavy mu mlengalenga. The lonse waukulu zedi moti Norilsk kwa zaka zambiri pa m'ndandanda wa mizinda yambiri wowonongeka dziko, ndi kampani kulipidwa kuti Canada kwa mpweya poyizoni m'gawo lake.