Ballerina Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: yonena ntchito ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Iye - ndi ndi chi chi ya Pushkin, mmodzi wa wotchuka ovina kuvina nthawi yake prima kuvina Didlo. dzina lake si monga opezeka ntchito za ndakatulo kwambiri. Iwo anabadwa, koma anamaliza buku "Awiri ovina" imene zinachitika mmodzi wa heroines anali momwemo - Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina. Kuwonjezera pa wovina talente, iye wogwidwa chithumwa zodabwitsa ndi kukongola ndipo chimodzi cha akazi ambiri wokongola wa St. Petersburg pa nthawi. Mwachibadwa, iye anali ndi khamu lonse la mafani ndi mwa iwo - anthu olemekezeka a ufumuwo.

Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: yonena

Evdokia (monga zinalembedwa m'buku chipika) anabadwa January 6, 1799 ku St. Petersburg. About amene anali makolo ake, pali Mabaibulo angapo, koma ndithu kwambiri ndi limodzi mwa amene bambo ake anali apolisi wapolisi Ilya Istomin, amene anatenga kumwa ndipo anamwalira ali ndi zaka 2-3. mayi ake a mtsikanayo, Anisa Istomin, adafanso atangochoka, ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi Dunya anali wamasiye. Mwamwayi, mtsikana sichinayambe anatsimikiza amasiye, ndipo anakwera Imperial Theatre School. Iye, chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, ankakonda sukulu awathandize bwinobwino ndipo anatenga ku gulu zonse. Ndi apa kuti Istomina Avdotya comprehended ed luso. Mwatsoka, palibe amene alibe chinkhoswe mu ophunzira maphunziro ambiri.

learning

Wosewera mu zaka za m'ma 19, si anawonjezera kuti yapamwamba, kotero sukulu kawirikawiri nawo ana kuchokera makalasi m'munsi, kapena wamasiye, ngati heroine a nkhani yathu. Kenako, pamene iye anakhala wovina kwambiri, ambiri anachita chidwi mu funso - amene anali mphunzitsi wa kuvina ovina Avdoti Istominoy? Poyambirira iye ankaphunzitsidwa luso la kuvina mtsikana wotchuka St. Petersburg ballerina Ekaterina Sazonov. Zinali iye, anaphunzira kukhala oleza mtima, kulangidwa, amakhala ndi sindigonja. Komabe, mphunzitsi waukulu Avdoti Istominoy, amene ankamuphunzitsa luso kuvina ndi zochita - ndi, ndithudi, French wovina, choreographer ndi mphunzitsi Charles-Louis Didlo. Iye anali wolemekezeka ndi nkhanza za ana awo, zinali wovuta kwambiri ndi okhwima, kaya kugonana awo ndi zaka.

kuwonekera koyamba kugulu

Istomina Avdotya, monga ambiri a ophunzira a Imperial School, anayamba m'banda kuonekera pa siteji. Kale pa zaka 9 Didlo Nditapita naye kwa kuvina "Zephyr ndi Flora", umene zikusonyezedwa miyala ikuluikulu zisudzo. Kumene, limapereka udindo wodzichepetsa - kukhala mu retinue wa mulungu Flora - woyang'anira woyera wa dziko masamba. Bakuman ntchito pagulu chidwi kwambiri, iye anachita chidwi ndi njira ya zomera ndi kuyamba ndimalota kamodzi ndipo adzakhala prima ballerina, ndi Tionanso wokongola.

Kuyamba St. Petersburg gululo

Mu 1815 Avdotya Istomin - ballerina ndi dipuloma sewero sukulu - limodzi ndi Imperial Bwalo la St. Petersburg, amene gululo anatsogolera mphunzitsi wake Shar Didlo. Nthawi yomweyo wophunzira wake luso yopanga "Acis ndi Galatea", ndi udindo wa protagonist lapansi. Bakuman pambuyo zisudzo choyamba amakopeka anthu. Pa nthawi imeneyo, panalibe kusiyana okhwima pakati Mitundu ed, kuvina ndi ankaona mmodzi wa iwo ndipo anali nayo nthawi kusewera mu sewero ndi zisudzo vaudeville. Pasanapite za kukongola ballerina analankhula onse Russian kuwala apamwamba.

mbali

Woyamba Russian zisudzo istograf Pimen Nikolaevich Arapov Koma monga tafotokozera Istomin: "Iye anali wa msinkhu ambiri okongola kwambiri, ang'ono, ndi tsitsi mdima ndi wapamwamba chonyezimira maso wakuda, nthawi wandiweyani akulankhula mokalipa, kupereka nkhope yake khalidwe wapadera. Iye anali akulu, miyendo amphamvu, magulu ake anali kuwala ndi wachisomo. " Popeza zonsezi, n'zosadabwitsa kuti ballerina Avdotya Istomin, mbiri limafotokoza nkhaniyi wotchuka kwambiri pakati osankhika lolemera. Iwo amanena kuti Pushkin mwiniyo sanali osayanjanitsika kwa iye, ndipo ngakhale mazunzo odziwa nsanje. The mores nthawi kuti analola njonda Wolemekezeka akhala akupereka ballerinas pang'ono. Kwa kanthawi iye anali mu malipiro a wotchuka General Orlov - ndi Decembrists m'tsogolo. Pushkin mu saizi ya nsanje, analemba epigram pa iye, kuyambira ndi mawu akuti: "Orlov Istomina pabedi ...". Iye ananena kuti Laisa kuti anali tanthauzo lofanana ndi liwu "courtesan".

Cherche La femme

chibwenzi chake choyamba anali kapitao ndodo Vasiliy Vasilevich Sheremetev. Akanakonda zimenezo, ndipo zaka ziwiri iwo anakhala ngati banja. Komabe, ndi kukula kwa kutchuka kwake monga katswiri wovina, anakhala wovuta kwambiri ndi capricious, ndipo posakhalitsa anagwa naye ndipo anabwera kudzakhala bwenzi lake lapamtima Mary Azarevichevoy. Zibwenzi zonse anazinga ndi chikondi unyamata yawo, komanso admirers ya ballerina ukalamba kwambiri. Iye anali abwenzi ndi Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Griboedovym ndi kamodzi anavomera kuti Wolemba wina ndi nthumwi abwere kudzandichezera bwenzi lake A. Zavadovsky, amene yochepa ankakhala St. Petersburg. Pambuyo pa ulendo uwu, Istomina Avdotya yanjanitsidwani ndi Sheremetev ndipo anabwerera kwa iye, koma kuunika kwa mbiri za ubwenzi wake ndi Zavadovsky. Pamene ballerina wokondedwa adamfunsa mafotokozedwe za mphekesera izi, iye sanazengereze ndipo anavomereza kuti Griboyedov wina kuwavutitsa ake m'njira grossest pa ulendo naye kunyumba kwake. Sheremetev sangathe kukhululukira ndi Zavadovskiy anaitanidwa kuti duel a. Pa nthawi yomweyo mnzanu wapamtima Vasily A. .Yakubovich Ndipo, kuganizira zonse za Mlengi A. Griboyedov, iye anawatsutsa iye duel a. Choncho, tsiku lomwelo anali kuonedwa machesi awiri. Choncho, mu November 1817 mu Volkov Field ku St. Petersburg ife kulimbana ndi mitundu iwiri iwiri. Komabe, pamaso duel ndi Griboyedov ndi Yakubovich nthawi sanabwere, chifukwa Zavadovsky Sheremeteva anaphedwa ndi duel chachiwiri chinalinso ndi kaye. Ngati inu mukukumbukira ku mbiriyakale, duel pakati pa Wolemba wina ndi Jakubowski ankapeza chaka, koma kale mu Tiflis. Chifukwa, izo Griboyedov anavulazidwa, koma osati chitavulala. Komabe, ndi chipolopolo chilonda Yakubovicha analola kudziwa zina thupi anapha Persian zamtendere Griboyedov.

Didlo prima Theater

Istomina Avdotya, amene anali ndi zaka 18 zokha, anaphunzira za imfa ya wokonda ake, pikulu nkhawa anadandaula, koma mu zisudzo palibe amene amandikonda za mavuto ake. Mu 1818-mamita Charles Didlo anaganiza kubwezeretsa ndi kusintha pang'ono mumaikonda a kuonetsa - "Zephyr ndi Flora" amene nyimbo linalembedwa ndi K. A. Kavosa. Avdotya mobwerezabwereza nawo chuma choyambirira cha kuvina izi. Ndipo tsopano maloto ake wakwaniritsidwa, ndipo iye anali kuima mu njira ya zomera okongola ndi kusewera mutu udindo. omvetsera moni latsopano "woyang'anira zomera" ndi kuphulika. Zinali kupambana kwenikweni kwa ballerina lapansi. Pambuyo pake, iye kudawaunikira pafupifupi udindo waukulu onse mphunzitsi wake: "African Mkango", "Baghdad Caliph," "Evtimii ndi Evharisa", "Deserter," "Lisa ndi Colin", "Cora ndi Alonzo, kapena Virgin ya Sun", "Roland ndipo Morgan "neri Al.

Avdotya Istomin ndi Pushkin

Kumayambiriro a 1823 ku St. Petersburg Big Stone Theatre ndinkakhala nalo ndi kuyamba ntchito - kuvina zochokera ndakatulo Pushkin a "wamndende wa Caucasus", ndi nyimbo sewerolo olembedwa Katarino Kavos. Istomina anapatsidwa chipani Circassian. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti woyambitsa wa ntchito, A. S. Pushkin, pa nthawi imeneyo, anagwidwa ukapolo Chişinău. Ataphunzira kuti likulu ayenera kutenga malo ntchito izi, iye analemba kuti m'bale wake Leo: "Pitani," Mkaidi wa Caucasus "Tandiuza za Didlo ndi wokongola wanga Circassian-Istomin. Nditazindikira trailed kumbuyo kwake ngati mkaidi wanga. " Kodi kakasi anali mu mizere. Pushkin anali wamng'ono kwambiri chibwenzi ndi mnyamata Istomin. Iwo ali, monga taonera kale, anali ndi zaka zofanana. Iye ni mmodzi wa oyamba kuzindikira ake mwa anthuwo. Koma kuvina "Acis ndi Galatea" kotero namkhudza iye, kuti iye zoyenera wakuda eyed Galatea wosafa mzere wake "Eugene Onegin" buku. Ngakhale sananene za iwo mu dzina kwambiri, akazindikira kuti akulongosola wovina - Avdotya Istomin. ndakatulo Pushkin nthawi zonse akhala zosangalatsa ndi zoona, makamaka pofotokoza akazi nkhawa. Iye akanakhoza mpuhe manja wapadera kapena nkhope kuti anali atachoka amaonekera kwa anthu ena.

The heroine wa buku analephera

The chidwi za umunthu lalikulu ndakatulo ndi Istomin anali zakuya kuposa kuti anafuna yekha. Iye anali kubwera kwa iye, fano lake mu maganizo ake anali nthawi zonse owala, kulikonse kumene iye anali. Pushkin ankafuna kulemba buku za izo, ndipo ngakhale sketched. Izo poyamba zinakonzedwa dzina buku "Russian Pelham." Koma kenako, anaganiza kuti iye adzatchedwa "ovina awiri". Alexander akhafuna kuti iye apisanjike pa tsokalo, ndilo ponena mosadziwa anakhala wovina - ndi pafupifupi duel pakati Sheremetev ndi Zavadovsky. M'mipukutu ya Pushkin anapezeka dongosolo buku. Iye anayang'ana motere:

• Ballet Didlo.
• Zavadovsky.
• Wokonda.
• Mbuyo powonekera.
• Duel.
• AI ndi kugwira pa.
• Mdzakazi.
• Ukwati.
• kakasi
• Istomin mu dziko.
• Kukanidwa.
• madyerero yakuthupi
• Bakuman T. D.

History pointe

Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina anali mpainiya woona mu Russian kuvina luso. Iye anali woyamba Russian wovina amene anaima pa pointe. Izi zisanachitike, ndi ovina ankayesa kufika pa chala chachikulu, koma wapadera nsapato kuvina kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19, izo sizinali. Akukhulupirira kuti pointe woyamba Mesiya Italy Mariya Taloni. Izo zinachitika pa siteji ya Royal Theatre mu 1830. zaka Koma mu Russia, izo zinachitika zingapo m'mbuyomo, zikomo Didlo ndi Istomina, izi zachititsa kuti kusintha panopa kuvina lapansi.

kukhwima

Avdotya anatumikira mu Ballet Imperial kwa zaka zoposa 20. udindo wake nayenso ankaona Rosalba a "Dona Karlosa", Chitaliyana Susanna "Almaviva ndi Rosina" Eliza mu "Pazhah Vendôme Duke"; Wotchuka Albert mu "Phunziro wamatsenga," etc. Kwa zaka zambiri, iye anayamba gruznet, ndipo nthawi zambiri mbaneta ... Iye anayamba kupereka maudindo ochepa. Mu 1830, anayamba matenda chala, ndipo iye anali kupita kuti muoneke maphwando. Dzina lake Avdotia Panaeva mu Maulendo Ake analipira kwambiri ballerina masamba angapo. "Istomin kwa zaka 40 wakhala imene inali yovuta kunyamula, rastolstevshie mkazi. Iye anayesera Young ndi ntchito zochuluka za kudzipangitsa - woyera otsogolera Rouge. Tsitsi si kukhudzidwa ndi imvi, ndipo iwo anali wakuda ngati phula. Panali mphekesera zoti iye anali mitundu yawo. "Ndi zaka ogula si kwa iye, ndipo iye anathandiza ojambula zithunzi wamng'ono, mwa iwo anali wosewera modabwitsa Godunov. Theatre otsutsa ankamuona yawo, koma Istomin sanali kuperekapo maganizo awo Iye anali wamng'ono kuposa zaka zake 21. Komabe, sanaleke iwo kukwatira. iye amapereka mphatso mtengo, diamondi, iye monyada anakhala naye mu mabokosi zisudzo ndi kusangalala ndi ubwino ndi moyo wosangalatsa. koma N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwamuna wamng'ono posachedwapa anadwala ndi Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi ndipo anafa. Avdotia chisoni zopita monga mviligo koma asanafike za osati doschlo, ndipo anapitiriza kutumikira monga sewero.

epilogue

Kungotchula lotsiriza la dzina la ballerina pa playbill anali mu January 1836, ndipo ntchito yake yomaliza zinachitika mu Alexandria Theatre mu tsiku lotsiriza la January chaka chomwecho. Komabe, pambuyo pake, iye anakhala zaka 12 anafa kolera. Pamaliro anali wodzichepetsa, palibe amene anakumbukira kuti anali mmodzi wa ovina chachikulu munthawi yake.