Bologna dongosolo maphunziro

Popeza 2003, pambuyo inalowa Russia kuti pangano Bologna, Russia ambiri ndi intensively anayambitsa dongosolo Bologna wa maphunziro. Pofuna kuti azolowere maphunziro apamwamba ku Russia pansi mfundo European, Unduna wa Maphunziro anayambitsanso dongosolo ziwiri gawo wophunzitsa mayunivesite: gawo loyamba - Bachelor, chachiwiri - Master. Mfundo yaikulu ya Utumiki wa Education anali ophunzira Russia kuphunzira za mlingo European, komanso kukhazikitsa malamulo wamba maphunziro adzatha kulembetsa digiri ndi kupitiriza maphunziro awo ku bungwe la European Union.

luso limeneli lili pluses ake ndi minuses. Bologna dongosolo maphunziro ali ndi adani ambiri, onse pakati pa ophunzira ndi pakati aphunzitsi ndi rectors yunivesite. Ena a iwo amanena kuti Russia adzakonza kwa zasayansi kwa West. Koma drawback lalikulu angakhale kuti Ambuye mu Russia ilipiridwa. Malinga ndi Zoneneratu wa akatswiri a akuluakulu ufulu mu Russia sadzatero. Ku Ulaya, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa maphunziro kwa mbuye amachokera mayuro atatu zikwi zisanu pa chaka.

Russian Student Union amakhulupirira kuti kuwamana ophunzira mwayi wolandira ufulu maphunziro ku mayunivesite katswiri Motero akuphwanya Russian Constitution ndi lamulo feduro "Pa Apamwamba kumadera osiyanasiyana akamaliza maphunziro Professional Education" ndi "Pa maphunziro". Mu Russia, dongosolo maphunziro Bologna zidzapangitsa kuti zimene zidzachitike kugulitsa kuposa maphunziro apamwamba Ndipotu, monga iwo amati akatswiri ena, uphimbika kusintha kwa ufulu maphunziro analipira.

Bologna dongosolo la maphunziro anayambitsa mu 1999 mu Bologna, kumene m'mayiko 29 European asankha asonkhanitse dongosolo maphunziro osiyana ndi anayambitsa dongosolo ziwiri gawo la maphunziro apamwamba amene amapatsa ophunzira mwayi atalandira digiri yoyamba sikuti kutsiriza Ambuye mbali yaikulu komanso m'munda okhudzana ndi kukonzekera bwino ntchito akatswiri. i dziko la ziyenera wophunzira yapangidwa. Izi amachepetsa chiwerengero cha wamba, kutsegula zinthu, ndi kuganizira kupeza luso la ntchito. Khalidwe la maphunziro kuunikira chimaonekera ndipo malamulo okhwima okhudza magawo.

Anthu ena otsutsa ndikukhulupirira kuti mayunivesite Russian sadzatha kumasula mu zaka 3-4 akatswiri kwambiri aluso popanda kutaya khalidwe la maphunziro ndi atsatila ndi West, njira Russian wa maphunziro ayenera zasintha. Mwachitsanzo, sitinathe n'komwe nthawi yaikulu pa ntchito palokha kunyumba, ndipo muiganizire okhawo maola maphunziro, amene anali kuchoka kwa omvera.

Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira ngwosakhutiritsa kwambiri kuti nkhani yoyambirira pulogalamu maphunziro a digiri yoyamba n'chochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi nthawi yokonza katswiri, tingayambe mapangidwe mipata mu amalanga ambiri sekondale. Panopa, kusiyana pakati pa maphunziro a kusukulu ndi sekondale ndi lalikulu kwambiri ndipo amakhala kwambiri m'ma kusintha dongosolo Bologna.

Mu Italy pali gawo wapakatikati pakati pa sukulu ndi sekondale - koleji, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kupita ku koleji. N'zotheka kuti Russia adzatsatira njira yomweyo. Komanso zakonzedwa mu kufanana ndi yoika Bologna kulenga m'masukulu makalasi gawo lotetezedwa maphunziro akatswiri koyamba kwa ana.

Dongosolo la makono a maphunziro ku Japan zikuphatikizapo 5 magawo - ndi sukulu ya mkaka, pulayimale, sukulu pakati m'njira ziwiri - m'munsi ndi apamwamba - ndi yunivesite. Dongosolo maphunziro apamwamba monga awiri gawo - Bachelor ndi Master.

Dongosolo maphunziro Japan ali ofala Mwachitsanzo, magulu osiyanasiyana a kusintha chaka chilichonse, komanso kusintha ndi aphunzitsi. Kumapeto kwa chaka ophunzira kutenga mayeso, kotero sukulu chaka kwa iwo - ndi kukonzekera izo. Izi Ikufotokozanso misa lofedwa.Ndivomereze maphunziro ambiri payekha, makamaka amene bungwe aphunzitsi kunyumba. Koma chinthu chidwi kwambiri kuti ndi maphunziro Japanese wamng'ono tikuuzidwa pa sukulu.

Katswiri malingaliro za kusintha kwa dongosolo latsopano la maphunziro ndi osiyana kwambiri. Amene amadziwa kodi kwenikweni ...