Bwanji Mng'oma wa njanji konkire mu dziko ndi manja awo?

Panagona malo mwina kwambiri zinchito ndi loonekera mchitidwe infield ndi msewu. Kupanga njanji konkire mu dziko ndi manja awo zikuoneka, popanda kuwaika thandizo la Makampani ambiri amene amakhazikika mu ulimi amenewa. Kulephera stacking kudzadalira mbali ndi makhalidwe a zipangizo ntchito, chikhalidwe cha mayendedwe anaika, makhalidwe a dongosolo nthaka pa malo. M'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti adzamvetsere njira anachita osati othandiza komanso cholinga kukongoletsa, anapereka dera la malo kungomwaza maonekedwe ndi chokongoletsera ake ndipo analoledwa kupita popanda chiopsezo kugwa ndi kupeza yakuda mu nyengo iliyonse.

M'nkhaniyi tiona mmene angachitire njira yowona mu dziko ndi manja awo, angachite opanga ndi mbali ya ntchito.

Mukhale pulani

Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri ntchito, omwe sayenera anaphonya. Pamaso kuwayika njanji konkire mu dziko, ayenera kulemba lipoti, kumene ndi momwe iwo kuthamanga. Pa nthawi imeneyi, m'pofunika kuphunzira mbali ya malo achilengedwe, kalembedwe wonse wa munda kapangidwe ndi zofuna zanu mu kusuntha yabwino ndi zopindulitsa kudzera malo. kulinganiza bwino panthawi imeneyi optimally kupeza mayendedwe, kukhala mawonekedwe ndi kusankha m'lifupi anakhumba ndi mphamvu ya mayendedwe ❖ kuyanika.

zipangizo Amafuna

Asanayambe kumanga njanji konkire mu dziko ndi manja awo, ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera zida ntchito: chidebe kapena chosakanizira konkire wosakanizira konkire, zitalizitali, chingwe, fosholo, mlingo, tepi muyeso, labala kutenga nyundo yamtengo ndi chiwerengero cha matabwa. Mwachibadwa, m'pofunika kuti akonze zinthu palokha apanga dongosolo zikuluzikulu za ❖ kuyanika, ndipo ntchito yokonza zigawo konkire: simenti, mchenga, miyala ya tuzigawo twa osiyana, madzi. Usachite wabisa kukonzekera inki kwa chekeni konkire.

Embodiments zakuthupi ntchito

Chivundikiro konkire njanji mu dziko? Mabukuwa akhoza anasankha konkire kwambiri, yokumba kapena zachilengedwe mwala, njerwa, mbale matabwa kapena magawo a makungwa a mitengo, amaika mumsewu matailosi. Zipangizo kutchula monga Mwachitsanzo, mabotolo galasi, zisoti pulasitiki ndi zina - zimatengera pa malingaliro anu, mwayi kupeza ndi tanthauzo zokongoletsa. Mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu uli ndi khalidwe zake zokhudza sayansi yopanga. N'kotheka, tiona zipangizo zikuluzikulu ndi makhalidwe awo mwachibadwa.

Magawo chachikulu cha ntchito

Kumanga njanji konkire mu dziko ndi manja awo, tiyenera kudutsa magawo zotsatirazi:

• Chisankho cha kamangidwe ndi njanji chuma;
• chodetsa gawo;
• nthaka pamwamba recess pa njanji m'lifupi;
• Kukonzekera kwa njanji m'munsi;
• lokonzekera formwork ndi zolimba;
• Lembani njirayo;
• kukhazikika ndipo pamwamba yokongola;
• temporizing oipa konkire;
• kutsirizitsa za njanji.

Kusankha kapangidwe ndi zinthu

Isanafike njira yeniyeni ya vuto, kupanga njanji konkire mu dziko ndi manja awo, chithunzi cha mankhwala amenewa sadzakhala superfluous kuona Mwachitsanzo, m'nkhani ino. M'pofunika kusankha kapangidwe ka mayendedwe pa zithunzi kapena kupanga anu. Sikuti onse mayendedwe ayenera m'lifupi chomwecho ndi mamangidwe. Choyamba, tiyenera kudziwa ndani wa iwo adzaposa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri ndipo intensively Mwachitsanzo, osiyanasiyana yoyenda katundu pa galimoto. Iwo ayenera kukhala onse ndi chopangidwa ndi ambiri olimba ❖ kuyanika. M'mabande zambiri kukhala lonse zokwanira effortlessly ndi mavuto zomera kusuntha kuzungulira malo. Chitsanzo chosonyeza kuti m'lifupi zokwanira munda chiwembu 80 cm.

Partitioning gawo

Pakuti njanji Kamangidwe molunjika ndi losavuta - mothandizidwa ndi zitalizitali malekezero a zigawo ndi chingwe. Pakuti mayendedwe mitundu kumulowetsa amafuna zitalizitali zambiri anakonza pa mtunda wamfupi.

earthwork

Ntchito yomanga njanji konkire mu dziko si popanda kukonzekera nthaka, imene imakhudza kuchotsa nthaka pamodzi kutalika lonse la njirayo. Kuya kwa wosanjikiza pochotsa nthaka zimadalira kapangidwe kake. Ngati ndi miyala kapena mchenga, ndi okwanira kuchotsa 20 cm, ngati dongo, kuchotsa adzakhala masentimita osachepera 30 dothi. Pansi pa chifukwa mphepete mwa ngalande ayenera lembani katundu, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wosanjikiza miyala woyamba coarse nusu, ndiye - ang'onoang'ono, ndipo potsiriza, wosanjikiza mchenga. Izi ndi zofunika kuletsa madzi aakulu pamzere olondola ndi pafupi kwa iye.

yokonza formwork ndi

Pofuna kuti njanji konkire mu dziko ndi manja awo pa mbali ya formwork ayenera kukhazikitsidwa. Chifukwa chaichi, bolodi m'lifupi osachepera chakuya anatsanulira wosanjikiza simenti ndi makulidwe a osachepera 15 mm. M'pofunika kuti matabwa chapamwamba odulidwa anali yosalala kuti agwirizane adalira anatsanulira wosanjikiza konkire.

Formwork anaika pa mlingo kuti njirayo linali lathyathya. Koma tiyenera kupanga otsetsereka pang'ono (madigiri 1-2) kuchokera ku mbali imodzi njira zina chifukwa chololera kuchotsa Madzi a mvula. Kuonjezera mphamvu structural tiyenela kuiganizila pamene kutentha nthaka ndi mpweya konkire, komanso zinthu zina zilizonse izo zimasintha miyeso yake liniya. Choncho ndikofunikira lembani njirayo si mosalekeza riboni konkire, muchigawane mwa kulowetsa kupyolera PAD mamita 1-2 yopingasa slats makulidwe a 1-2 cm. Pofuna kuthandiza kuchotsa wotsatira wa iwo TACHIMATA ndi mafuta zinyalala. Mbali shuttering matabwa angongole limodzi mwa n'kupanga. M'pofunika kuti pamene priming kuti tisasokoneze kukhulupirika kwa casing lapansi.

zolimba

Musanayambe kutsanulira konkire njanji mu dziko, ndi zofunika kuchita zolimba awo. Pakuti imeneyi ivomelezana ndi gululi ogwiritsa kapena zigawo chabe zolimba, yaikidwa pa okonzeka khushoni 10-20 masentimita onse pamodzi ndi kuwoloka pa njirayo. Ndi zofunika kuti vavu si atagona pansi pa m'munsi okonzeka. Kuti tichite zimenezi, pansi enclose Mwachitsanzo, Nkhata Bay mabotolo, zidutswa za matailosi kapena njerwa.

lembani

Kenako, matope konkire kukonzekera ntchito simenti mtundu osachepera M400, mchenga (makamaka kuchapa mtsinje) ndi miyala (lubwe zopindulitsa kwa ntchito kumapangitsanso mphamvu ya ❖ kuyanika) mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1.5: 2.

madzi kuphatikiza anawonjezera kwa makulidwe a kirimu kapena nkhungu. The njira zochepa madzi, mphamvu za njira zopezera, koma pamafunika khama kwambiri kapena wapadera akututuma kwa tamping wosanjikiza konkire. Komano, njira madzi ndi yabwino kugwira ntchito ndi flatten izo. Choncho, kachulukidwe wa Sankhapo.

Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti njira okonzeka ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ora limodzi pambuyo kusakaniza. Kuwonjezera madzi kulemera yophika wa omuthandizira ali osavomerezeka, chifukwa kwambiri chatsitsa mphamvu ya ❖ kuyanika.

Younikira Sanapatuke imvi tatty, kujambula iwo. Izi zikhoza kuchitika zatsirizidwa kale ❖ kuyanika, koma ❖ kuyanika ngati nthaŵi yochepa. Bwino kuwonjezera utoto pigment pa kusanganikirana konkire. Ndiye likukhalira akuda wosanjikiza wake wonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo Komabe, kumwa pigment ndi apamwamba, koma zotsatira chifukwa n'kosathandiza. Pakuti mtundu, mukhoza kusankha mtundu uliwonse, koma chiwembu munda agwirizane bwino achikasu, maganizo, Maonekedwe ndi ocher.

Kusalaza wosanjikiza konkire adatengedwa ndi chapamwamba wosanjikiza ulamuliro formwork. Kuti padziko sanali yosalala ndi unatengera, mukhoza n'kuikapo kujambula. Nthawi zambiri, zimenezi pogwiritsa ntchito stencils wapadera Chinsinsi (otchedwa yowona mwasindikiza). kulembetsa akhoza mwachita maola angapo kapena tsiku lotsatira, pamene konkire ndi katengedwe pang'ono, koma musaumitse kwathunthu. Pamaso opaleshoni zimenezi umagwiritsidwa padziko njira toning fixer. Izi zimathandiza kupereka pambuyo embossing pamwamba modziwika kapangidwe wokongola simulating zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe (amaika mumsewu njerwa, miyala, ndi matabwa yazokonza pansi Al.). Chitsanzo ntchito pamwamba pa njira yowona, zimatengera yekha m'maganizo anu.

Kuteteza utoto ndi kapangidwe wa kusindikizidwa simenti ndi makina ndi weathering pamwamba pake lokutidwa akiliriki impregnation. Pambuyo limodzi kapena masiku awiri mosamala anachotsa tepi yopingasa unsembe mu konkire.

kuyembekezera oipa

Pambuyo kuthira konkire pamwamba zace ali ndi pulasitiki Manga kuti pang'onopang'ono chisanu. Pa yotentha chilimwe, ndi zofunika kwa nthawi yonyowa, kukonkha ndi madzi. wokonzeka Final tingaone ndi mtundu wa simenti. Ngati akadali yonyowa, ndi chonyezimira ndi mdima. Ntchito njira n'chotheka pambuyo kuyanika zonse (masiku 5-6 pambuyo kuthira).

kutsirizitsa Track

Pa nthawi imeneyi, a formwork atachotsedwa. Komanso seams yopingasa wodzazidwa ndi mchenga kapena dothi, nthaka ndi nakonza ku m'mbali mwa njanji.

❖ kuyanika mitundu ina

- njerwa kanjira. Mbali A ndi maonekedwe ake okoma, luso kupirira mtunda wina pakati njerwa kudzaza mtundu mchenga, matope simenti-mchenga kapena pansi pa kumera la udzu. njerwa anaika pa wosanjikiza wa njira kuti pamwamba ndi 10-15 mamilimita pamwamba pa dothi ozungulira, kupereka otsetsereka yaing'ono ku malo kwa m'mbali mwa njanji. The madzi mvula sangakhale pa njirayo. Kukonzekera m'munsi si wosiyana choncho anafotokoza kale koma kuti akuya m'munsi zogwirizana ndi makulidwe a njerwa ntchito.

njerwa Vykladyvanii yofanana ndi mphira nyundo, kukulitsa njerwa pogogoda pa izo, ngati n'koyenera. Ngati njerwa ayenera adzaukitsidwa, ndiye kuchotsedwa, wakumvera izo pang'ono pokha wa njira ndi kuika kumbuyo. M'malo mwake, njira yabwino ntchito youma simenti-mchenga kusakaniza. Pambuyo atagona pa njirayo madzi, ndi kusakaniza izi kenako amakhazikitsa ndi ikamauma. Mwachibadwa, sikutheka ntchito njanji mpaka solidification chomaliza cha njira kapena osakaniza umene njerwa anaika.

Mphamvu ya ❖ kuyanika si wolakalakika ntchito njerwa ochiritsira ndi chibanthu (amaika mumsewu) akamagwira kuwombera pa kochulukira kutentha sukulu yapadera ya dongo. Silicate njerwa zoyera oyenera mapepala mkati kapena pakhoma, ndi wofiira pang'onopang'ono anawonongedwa ndi mvula. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa njanji, ndi zofunika kukhazikitsa ndi zithetsedwe. Apo ayi, pa nthawi, kapangidwe amabwera mu ziyambe kukonzedwa, kuyambira njerwa kwambiri.

- Njira ya amaika mumsewu slabs. Makonzedwe si wosiyana ndi njerwa ndi. Kupatulapo ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana matailosi (malonda zilipo), akalumikidzidwa ndi mitundu. Mbali yapadera kuti simungathe ntchito matailosi kwa mkati - ndi sakhalitsa ndipo anawononga nyengo siili mu nthawi yochepa. The makulidwe a matailosi amaika mumsewu ayenera kukhala osachepera 6 cm. Makongoletsedwe mbali ndi matailosi ndi amasankhidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mtundu, kuyambira pakatikati njanji kwa m'mbali. M'mbali mwa kufalikira mu yomalizira, monga iwo nthawi zambiri amafuna matailosi kudula monga kasinthidwe wa malire pa njirayo. Kudula angagwiritsidwe ntchito chopukusira ndi kudula zimbale Konkire. Pofuna kukwaniritsa mawu durability yaitali ngati zofunika kukhazikitsa njanji bwino kumathandiza kuchepetsa.

- The mayendedwe a kudula mtengo. Iwo mwinamwake kwambiri kupanga bajeti ndi kuyang'ana wokongola kwambiri. Opatsa mphamvu chuma chofunika kwa kupanga awo anaona kudula mitengo yakale ya diameters zosiyanasiyana 10-15 cm wandiweyani. Iwo ayenera kulandira chithandizo kupewa lawola njira. Pakuti ichi anaona kudula ndi chisanadze mankhwala Mwachitsanzo, mafuta linseed kapena njira ya sulphate mkuwa ndi zouma. Gawo la odulidwa anaona, amene adzakhala mkati maziko njirayo, zina ankachitira mwa kumiza mu phula chosungunula.

Mosiyana ndi luso kale zikusonyezedwa yokonza m'munsi chozama Malinga spilite wandiweyani. Iwo angakhoze kuikidwa mwachindunji mu bedi mchenga, koma bwino - mu mtondo simenti-mchenga, akukankha kuti akuya phula ankachitira. mipata pakati pa magawo yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda spilite kenako wodzazidwa ndi mchenga, mwala wosweka kapena miyala melim. Mukhozanso kuzikwaniritsa ndi nthaka ndi kubzala udzu kapinga. Pamwamba kunja kwa SPIL zofunika sanded ndipo mkati mwa zigawo zingapo varnish ntchito panja. Zikanakhala bwino ankaona nkhuni kapangidwe.

Yokonza njanji konkire mu dziko ndi manja awo

Ndi ndime ya nthawi mchikakamizo cha mayendedwe makina ndi weathering kuyamba kuwonongeka. Izi kwambiri kapena zochepa ankaikira zipangizo zirizonse ntchito kwambiri, makamaka ngati kupanga ndondomeko si asathe. Nkofunika kuzikonza, popanda kuyembekezera kusintha zonse ku mkhalidwe ziyambe kukonzedwa. Kuchita izi, ntchito zipangizo yemweyo amene anatengedwa dongosolo lawo. mbali kuonongeka anawachotsa ndipo m'malo ndi opanda cholakwa chomwecho. Choncho nkokoma mu kusinthika njira chosungikira pasadakhale ndi zochuluka ❖ kuyanika mavuto yake ndi wathunthu kukonza.

Pomaliza

Tinkaona mmene kulenga njanji konkire mu dziko ndi manja awo. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani pamwambapa kukuthandizani kukhazikitsa ndondomeko resettlement kapangidwe m'deralo.