Chitoliro (nyimbo chida): mitundu, zithunzi

Nyimbo mphepo chida lipenga - nthumwi zipangizo kupanga phokoso Alto-woimba m'kaundula. Mwa zida ofanana kuti ali phokoso apamwamba. Chitoliro ntchito kuyambira nthawi yakale, pamene icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbendera. Oimba anapita kwa zaka za m'ma 17. Kamodzi limagwirira ndi kupangidwa mavavu, chitoliro atenge mbali ya chida zonse kunachitika kuchitila nyimbo zachikhalidwe. The timbre owala, waluntha. chida angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati payekha wojambula mu mphepo ndi nthetemya Banda, jazi ndi Mitundu ofanana.

nkhani

chida ichi ndi chimodzi mwa akale kwambiri. Kutchula koyamba za zipangizozi anatuluka mu nyengo ya pafupifupi zaka 3600 BC. otukuka ambiri ntchito paipi - ndi Ancient Egypt ndi Ancient China ndi Ancient Greece ndi zikhalidwe zina ntchito m'mafanizidwe a mipope monga kusonyeza zida. Kwa zaka zambiri anali ndi udindo waukulu anatulukira ichi.

Mu Middle Ages mbali ya asilikali ankafunika malipenga amene anatha kupereka zomveka mbali zina za dongosolo, ili pa mtunda wautali Chrixitu. Masiku amenewo, chitoliro (nyimbo chida), ngakhale kuti anachita mokwanira ntchito zake, koma masewera anali ndi luso osankhika pa izo. Tikuphunzitsa luso limeneli kokha ndi anthu anasankhidwa. The chete, si asilikali nthawi malipenga anali kuvomerezedwa gulu la chikondwererocho, jousting. M'mizinda ikuluikulu panali wapadera nsanja malipenga kuwadziwitsa chizindikiro kubera anthu lalikulu, kusintha nthawi ya tsiku, nagonjetsa a asilikali mdani, kapena zochitika zina zofunika.

Atatsala pang'ono isanayambike wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, umisiri watsopano zathandiza kutulutsa changwiro choposa nyimbo mphepo chida. chitoliro The anachita ndi oimba ena. Komanso, malipenga ndi zambiri katswiri, kuphunzira luso CLARÍN. mawu amenewa amanena za kufala phokoso diatonic ntchito pereduvaniya. nyengo Baroque mosavuta kaye "golide zaka machubu chachibadwidwe". Popeza ati zaka tingachipeze powerenga ndi chikondi, kuika maziko a nyimbo lonse, lipenga zachilengedwe anaphwa mu mbiri monga kulephera kusewera mizere melodic. Okhaokha kuphedwa wa magawo waukulu wa sikelo ntchito oimba wa chitoliro lapansi.

chitoliro zamakono

choimbira analandira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19, limagwirira valavu, poyamba analibe choyenera kutchuka. Chifukwa n'chakuti mawu sinali intonation bwino ndipo analibe kamvekedwe komweko. Zambiri, kulanda mau chapamwamba anayamba cholusa mphalasa mawu ake anali lililonse limatisokoneza kwambiri, ndipo makhalidwe luso langwiro. Koma pachiyambi cha m'ma, pamene chubu anali bwino kamangidwe, mphalasa anayenera kusiya gulu. Pomaliza chubu anatha kusonyeza onse phokoso limene zifunika loimba la zida mphepo. Panopa, chipani kale analengedwera Cornets, amachita chitoliro. Nyimbo zoimbira, chithunzi chimene Ufumuyo nkhaniyi, kwathunthu kuchita masewera lonse, chifukwa limagwirira zotsogola.

chida lero ntchito ku oimba mu ntchito ya nyimbo Mitundu ska, jazi, Funk, komanso payekha wojambula.

Kapangidwe ka chitoliro ndi

Zamkuwa ndi mkuwa - zipangizo imene nthawi zambiri chopangidwa chitoliro. Nyimbo zoimbira ndi yasiliva kapena zitsulo zina angapezeke kwambiri kamodzikamodzi. Ngakhale kalelo kuti anali anatulukira njira kupanga ku pepala limodzi la zitsulo.

Chidwi mawonekedwe ali chida ichi nyimbo. Chubu monga patchedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, amene zokhotakhota analengedwa okha compactness - izo zangokhala paipi yaitali. Pa kamwa ali ndi taper pang'ono pa belu - kukula. Kutalika waukulu chubu cha mawonekedwe cylindrical. Ndi mawonekedwe zimenezi kumathandiza kuti kuwala kwa phokoso. Pa kupanga ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri molondola kuwerengetsa osati kutalika komanso zitsulo zolondola kutambasuka - imeneyi imapangitsa kumanga chida. Komabe, chofunika akanali yemweyo: nyimbo chida - paipi yaitali yekha.

masewera

Mfundo masewera - kupeza makodi amgwirizano ndi kusintha udindo wa milomo ndi kutalika mpweya ndime, amene zimatheka mwa limagwirira valavu. Ikani zipata zitatu, kotheka kuti mawu kapena theka semitone kuchepetsa voliyumu. Kukanikiza mavavu angapo nthawi imodzi chimathandiza m'munsi chida ntchito kwa malankhulidwe atatu. Ndi mu njira izi zimatheka lonse chromatic.

Pali mitundu imene pali vavu chachinayi, kuwapangitsa m'munsi ntchito semitones asanu.

zida masewera

Ndi chatekinoloje yapamwamba sayenda chubu mwangwiro amakwaniritsa ndime diatonic, arpeggios ndi zinthu. Kupuma chimadyedwa mouma, n'zotheka kuti aphe mawu wautali kwambiri kuposa ndi mmene kuwala.

Vavu trills mwangwiro pa zida zamakono.

mitundu

Wotchuka kwambiri mtundu - lipenga kapangidwe ka B-mosabisa, zomwe zikumveka mawu poyerekeza amasonyeza zolemba, olembedwa iye. Panopa ndalemba ndi octave ang'onoang'ono E octave lachitatu, komabe makamaka yotengedwa chida ndi kumva apamwamba. Modern chitoliro kapangidwe umatha kuchita kamvekedwe zonse zofunika, kawirikawiri kupita ku American chitoliro akukondedwa ndi kumanga kwa.

Komanso, lero pali mitundu itatu ya mipope, wotchuka kwambiri pamaso.

Alto lipenga - chida choimbira, cholinga kuwomba pafupifupi Kilogalamu imodzi zolemba pansipa olembedwa. Chida ichi ndi koyenera kuti kufala kwa phokoso nizkoregistrovyh (Mwachitsanzo - Rachmaninov wachitatu Symphony). Komabe, tsopano chitoliro sikawirikawiri ntchito, nthawi zambiri m'malo flugelhorn.

Bass lipenga - chida choimbira, chithunzi chomwe chiri chovuta kupeza kusukulu nyimbo, zikumveka m'munsimu mipope mwachizolowezi pa octave. Pankhaniyi, lalikulu Nona m'munsimu zolemba akufuna. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka theka lachiwiri la zana la 20. Tsopano bwinobwino m'malo chidacho - monga mwa dongosolo, kulembetsa ndi timbre.

Piccolo lipenga. Anamanga m'zaka 19 mochedwa, koma tsopano akukumana funde latsopano zikomo kutchuka kuti chidwi mu nyimbo oyambirira. Ikani mu kalembedwe B-mosabisa, pamene kwa malankhulidwe dieznyh akhoza ankamangidwanso ndipo achita m'Mphamvu pakati. Iwo ali mavavu anayi m'malo mwa atatu, monga chitoliro lalikulu. A choimbira ntchito ndi kamwa aang'ono, koma amakhudza sayenda wa luso ndi timbre.

repertory

Ngakhale chitoliro amakono angathe kudzapereka popanda mizere malire melodic, popeza posachedwapa olembedwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito payekha, amene analenga kwa zipangizo. Lero iwo amagwira aang'ono (piccolo) chitoliro. Pakuti lipenga analemba ambiri analemba wotchuka: Haydn, Weinberg, Blacher, Shchedrin, Bach, Molter, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, ndi ena ambiri, osati chosafunikira ndi Oimba kwambiri.