Chiwerengerochi Asilavo: sitepe mu mbiriyakale

Mu Russia wakale nkhani ndi mbiri ntchito ndi manambalawo Asilavo. Mu dongosolo ili ochuluka ntchito zizindikiro kuti yotsatana ya zilembo. Mu njira zambiri ndi ofanana ndi dongosolo Greek ankalemba zilembo M'ndandanda. Asilavo kanjedza - ndi manambala lakuti ntchito zilembo wakale - Chisililiki ndi Chigilagoliti.

Titley - wapadera chikhazikitso

Anthu ambiri wakale manambala kulemba ntchito makalata ochokera alifabeti awo. The Asilavo anali nazonso. Iwo anasankha Asilavo anaŵerengera makalata a zilembo za Chisililiki.

Pofuna kusiyanitsa yochokera ku manambalawo, ntchito chithunzi wapadera - Titley. m'mbiri Asilavo anali pa kalata yake. Chizindikiro zalembedwa pamwambapa ndi mzere wavy. Chitsanzo ndi fano la manambala atatu oyamba mu Old Church kalembedwe.

chizindikiro ichi ntchito mu machitidwe ena akale ochuluka. Iye kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe amasintha mawonekedwe ake. Poyamba, mtundu wa lakuti anachokera Cyril ndi Methodius, monga zilembo athu iwo apanga zochokera Greek. Titley lidalembedwa ngati m'mbali zambiri anamaliza ndi lakuthwa. Zosintha onse ankatengedwa chomveka ndi ntchito kulikonse.

NKHANI manambala chikhazikitso

manambala chizindikiro mu kulemba kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. The kuchotserapo anali manambala "11" kwa "19". Zinalembedwa kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere. Mbiri waliteteza mayina a mawerengero amakono (M'modzi-dtsat, awiri pa dtsat, etc., ndiye woyamba ndi kalata kusonyeza wagawo, wachiwiri - .. Makumi). Aliyense kalata zilembo amatanthauza nambala 1 mpaka 9, 10 90, kuchokera 100 mpaka 900.

Osati makalata onse a zilembo Asilavo ntchito potanthauza manambala. Choncho, "F" ndi "B" sizigwiritsidwa ntchito analipo. Amangoika sanali mu zilembo Greek, omwe anavomerezedwa kukhala chitsanzo a). Komanso, kuwerengetsa akuyamba ndi mmodzi basi osati ndi chizolowezi kwa ife ziro.

Nthawi zina, pa ndalama ntchito dongosolo losakanizika ya kalembedwe ya manambala - kuchokera Chisililiki ndi Arabic makalata. Only makalata lowercase ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Pamene Asilavo zizindikiro za alifabeti amasonyeza mawerengero, ena mwa iwo kusintha kasinthidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, m'kalata "ine" mu nkhani iyi kwalembedwa popanda mfundo ndi chizindikiro "titlos" amatanthauza 10. Intaneti 400 ankatha kulemba m'njira ziwiri, malingana ndi dera malo kunyumba. Choncho, mu mbiri yakale Russian kusindikizidwa khalidwe la chithunzi ichi, ntchito kalata "ika" ndipo mu Chiyukireniya akale - "Izhitsa".

ndi kanjedza Asilavo chiyani?

makolo athu pogwiritsa ntchito mayina spetsialnoyh analemba tsiku ndi chiwerengero chofunika mu mbiri, zikalata, ndalama, makalata. Zovuta nambala 999 anatchulidwa m'makalata ingapo yotsatizana pansi pa chilemba "titlos". Mwachitsanzo, 743 mu kulemba poznachalos zilembo izi:

• G (pansi) - "7";
• A (wabwino) - "4";
• D (mneni) - "3".

Makalata onsewa anali ogwirizana pa baji wamba.

Chiwerengerochi Asilavo, omwe amatanthauza chiwerengero cha zoposa 1000, zinalembedwa ndi chizindikiro chapadera ҂. Ndi patsogolo kalata mukufuna Titley. Ngati kunali koyenera kuti alembe numeral oposa 10 000 ntchito zilembo lapadera:

• "Azirikamu" bwalo - 10,000 (mdima);
• "Azirikamu" mu nkombero wa madontho - 100,000 (Legiyo);
• "Azirikamu" bwalo, imakhala koma ndi - 1,000,000 (leodr).

Mumagulu amenewa anaika kalata ndi chofunika phindu lapadera.

Zitsanzo za ntchito manambala Asilavo

ameneŵa angapezeke mu zolembedwa ndi pandalama wakale. Woyamba kanjedza ngati angathe kuona ndalama zasiliva Petulo 1699. Ndi ameneŵa anali kupangidwa kwa zaka 23. ndalama izi tsopano rarities ndi amakondedwa kwambiri ndi okhometsa.

Pa ndalama za golidi zizindikiro othinana zaka 6, kuyambira 1701. Ndalama za mkuwa ndi mawerengero Asilavo ankagwiritsa ntchito ku 1700 kuti 1721.

Kale, mpingo anali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa ndale ndi anthu onse. Kulemba dongosolo ndi mbiri ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito ziphiphiritso Church Chisilavo. Anasankhidwa mu kulemba mfundo yomweyo.

Kuphunzitsa ana inachitikanso pa mipingo. Choncho, ana anaphunzira kalembedwe ndi numeracy ndendende mabuku ndi mbiri ndi Mpingo Chisilavo makalata ndi manambala. maphunziro Izi zinachitika kovuta, kuyambira zoti ambiri makalata angapo anali kuloweza chabe.

malamulo onse mwayekha komanso olembedwa ntchito ziphiphiritso Asilavo. Alembi a nthawi anali kulamulidwa kudziwa ndi mtima wonse Chigilagoliti ndi Chisililiki zilembo, koma zoti mwamtheradi onse manambala ndi malamulo a kalembedwe awo. anthu wamba zambiri boma kuti anali sayansi zolakwika, chifukwa hayala anali ndi mwayi ochepa.