Chiyerekezo mtengo - ndi chiyani ichi?

Pakuti aliyense siteji ya ntchito yomanga masamu ndi polojekiti ndalama. Iwo anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zofunika zonse zomangira nyumba yomanga, ntchito ndi zolipiritsa. Izi mawerengedwe mwatsatanetsatane ali dzina lakelake - pafupifupi mtengo wa zomangamanga.

tanthauzo

Pafupifupi mtengo - ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zofunika pomanga nyumbayo. Pamafunikanso mtengo wa ndalama yomanga, malipiro a ntchito mgwirizano, mtengo wa kugula zipangizo, yobereka ndi unsembe. Kuchokera pa ziwerengero kwaiye malipoti ndi ntchito yayendera a mabungwe yomanga.

Pafupifupi mtengo - ndi maziko a mawerengedwe a mtengo buku maofesi analamula. Iwo masamu pamaziko a:

1. Ntchito zikalata, zojambula, ngongole ya zomangamanga, pomanga patsogolo, n'kulemba ofotokozera kwa zipangizo.
2. malamulo Current, kugulitsa mitengo ya zipangizo ndi kulingalira.
3. Zochita za boma matupi a nyumba ziwalo.

njira mawerengedwe

Khama la pafupifupi mtengo wa gwero la imagwiridwa, ndi index kapena njira m'munsi-index. Mbali yoyamba kuti anachita mawerengedwe a chiŵerengero cha mitengo zatsopano chuma malamulo a ndalama zawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo njira index ikukhudza mawerengedwe kuphatikiza. Resources amene pali mitengo msika, mwalandiridwa pa zolemeletsedwa mitengo pafupifupi. Zipangizo zina zonse zakonzedwa index zokwana pafupifupi mtengo wa womanga. Ngati palibe, zinthu kuvomereza akuluakulu a boma. Zolozera kutembenuka mtengo Ziwerengero zina zatsopano lililonse kotala. A njira zofunika kumaphatikizapo phunziro kuthekera kuwerengera ndi index wa zinthu mtengo.

kapangidwe

Pafupifupi mtengo wa zomangamanga aumbike ku mtengo wa:

• yomanga nyumba;
• ogulidwa ndi unsembe zida;
• ndalama zina.

Uliwonse kwa zinthu mwatsatanetsatane. Yomanga ntchito monga ntchito yapachiweniweni (mwala lapansi, pulasitala) pa ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi kuika nyumba. Apa mulinso mkati ndi kunja zomangamanga makonzedwe (kuikira, mpweya wabwino ndi ukhondo ndi ena.).

Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo unsembe wa zida, kugwirizana luso Kulumikizana, magetsi. Pafupifupi mtengo wa zomangamanga ndi unsembe ntchito zikuphatikizapo ogulidwa ndi ndalama zoyendera zipangizo, chizindikiro mmwamba wa dipatimenti okwanira, masamu pa mitengo zofunika. Gulu la ndalama zina monga ndalama za kamangidwe, maphunziro, ntchito yokonza zinthu pa gulu yomanga, gulu ndi khalidwe la ntchito ndi ena.

mitundu ya Ziwerengero

The mtengo okwana ntchito aumbike kwa ndalama m'deralo, zipangizo kugulitsidwa, ntchito munthu anapezazo mwachidule. Ziwerengero Local - ndi chikalata pachiyambi, womwe wapangidwa pamaziko a ntchito obscheploschadochnye mabuku olembedwa mayina zojambula lapansi. Izi zikuphatikizapo mwachindunji, pamwamba ndi mapulani ndalama.

Mawerengedwe a zinthu ndi kwaiye zochokera m'deralo. Pamafunikanso zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa malipiro, mtengo wa ntchito makina, zipangizo ndiponso kumanga ndalama, ndalama zoyendera, overheads. Ngati mtundu umodzi wokha wa ntchito, kufunika zambiri mtengo Chiyerekezo palibe.

Ziwerengero chinthu monga anagwirizana nkhani yokonza malo zomangamanga, ndodo, maofesi zofunika, nyumba, wothandiza, maofesi utumiki, maofesi mphamvu; maofesi a madzi kutentha, ndi kotunga mpweya, sewerage; malo; kuyang'aniridwa luso lapadera kwa chinthu; ntchito zina. A osiyana mzere linanena bungwe kuchuluka kwa ndalama zosayembekezereka. The mawerengedwe a mtengo wake woikidwiratu pamaziko a kuwerengetsera izi.

zizindikiro ndalama

Kusintha mtengo woikidwiratu zikhoza kukhala chifukwa ndalama zosayembekezereka ndi kusintha mitengo chuma. Choncho, pa siteji kapangidwe mopitirira lamulo okwana ndalama: Q = Ref + + Ssmr akuusamoyo + Ref.

Mu dongosolo ili, Ref - aziwerenga ya kapangidwe ndi kafukufuku ntchito, Ssmr - mtengo wa nyumba ndi kumanga ntchito, ndinkangodziona - Ziwerengero za unsembe wa zida, Ref - kuchuluka kwa ndalama zina. Choncho mtengo anatsimikiza ndi kumanga nyumbayi.

Nawo makampani yomanga kusonyeza Ssmr china. Bukuli lili ndi chilinganizo ambiri mtengo: Ssmr = Mtengo wa ntchito + Malonda = Zida + Malipiro + Depreciation + Malonda zida

mitundu ya mitengo

Pafupifupi mtengo - ndi mtengo anakonza. Iwo masamu pamaziko a akalozera, ndi gulu kapena mitengo kugula opanga. mitengo mankhwala anapanga malingana malo katundu ndi nthawi ya kubala kwake kwa ogula:

• WOPEREKA yosungira;
• galimoto (FCS);
• siteshoni kunyamuka (SVR);
• siteshoni kopita (BCH);
• pamalo yosungirako;
• kumanga malo.

Aliyense wa mitundu izi zikuphatikizapo mtengo wa mitundu yapita, komanso zinthu zina mtengo. Mtengo wa nyumba yosungiramo katundu katundu ikuphatikiza ndalama kupanga zipangizo yosungirako. FCS amaganizira ndalama tsegula zipangizo mu galimoto, VSO - chakudya ngolo, BCH - yobereka zakuthupi ankhaninkhani anaima. Mitundu iwiri yomalizira mitengo kutanthauza ndalama za ndalama zoyendera a zipangizo kuti pamalo nyumba yosungiramo katundu kapena kumanga malo.

mawerengedwe a mtengo

mtengo uli woikidwa pa unit wa zopangira. Iwo masamu mfundo: UCM = uthenga ulalikidwa + T + Security + TM + TP + C. Apa uthenga ulalikidwa - ndi mtengo wa chipiku ya zipangizo, T - mtengo ma CD, SC - malonda masamba, TM - ntchito miyambo TP - mtengo wa kutumiza, C - mtengo yosungirako.

mitengo chipiku ya zipangizo ndi makontena achokera zopereka kapena mindandanda wa opanga. Marketing masamba akutengedwa nkhani ngati kuchuluka mtengo. mtengo wotumizira atengedwa mu nkhani misa aakulu. ndalama warehousing kutsatira: Kumanga Zamgululi - 2%, nyumba zitsulo - 0,75%, zida - 1.2%.

Akuti mitengo kwa ophimba pa katundu anapereka m'chigawo chomwecho. Amakhala ndi magawo awiri: a njanji, msewu ndi nyanja kayendedwe. Aliyense wa iwo, nawonso, lili tariffs kuti potsegula ndi katundu katundu, malingana ndi mtundu wa ma CD ndi zoyendera. Recalculation pafupifupi mtengo wa ndalama zoyendera (pa matani 1) ikuchitika pa aligorivimu amenewa:

1. Izo zimatengera mtundu wa mtengo kugulitsa zopereka.
2. Malangizo mode zoyendera.
3. Ngati yakumadzulo / anthu d kayendedwe, ndi anatsimikiza mtima kutumiza mawonekedwe, mwachindunji mlingo, mlingo wa potsegula.
4. Uwerenge masamu ndi kuchulukitsa ndi kusintha koyefishienti ndi kulemera ukonde, atachita misa.
5. Pa njira zoyendera ananena likanatha kalasi katundu ndi ankamvetsa.
6. Calculated kudzudzulidwa chinthu chifukwa chochita.
7. Atsimikiziridwa ndi ndalama zoyendera.
8. Kuwerengera ndalama okwana matani 1.

zipangizo Kunja anawagawa (simenti, zitsulo, mapaipi, galasi ndi zina zotero. N.) Ndipo m'deralo (njerwa, nyumba konkire, njira, chomenyedwa Al.). Kutumiza mtengo wa gulu loyamba la mankhwala ndi apamwamba kuposa wachiwiri.

ndalama Labor

Pafupifupi mtengo - ndi kugulitsidwa osati ndalama zipangizo, komanso anthu ogwira ntchito. Malipiro anatsimikiza ku tariff-Choyenereza pakuyenerera. Imafotokoza mlingo wa kumaliseche. Ankamvetsa ntchito mu mavuto komanso woopsa ndi kwa 12% 24%. The aligorivimu kwa kuwerengetsa ndi ndalama mtengo ntchito chiri motere:

1. njira Resource: malipiro = (zenizeni s / N cf. misa ..) / (Avereji Kuchuluka miyezi maola.).
2. Pa woikidwiratu wa: 3arplata = (C + M) ∙ I. Apa C ndi M - kuchuluka kwa ndalama pa ntchito imeneyi malipiro a ntchito ya zomangamanga ndi ntchito makina, ndipo - zosonyezera mlingo wa ndalama.
3. Rasperedelenie ndalama: Malipiro = T * ((C1 * Kd * K * K * Kr + P) / chiwerengero cha maola ntchito). Mu dongosolo ili T - ndalama ntchito ogwirira ntchito enaake, C1 - mitengo tariff a sitandade 1, K - tariff koyefishienti Kd - surcharges koyefishienti Kr - dera koyefishienti Kn - mlingo umafunika, P - malipiro ena anasankha likuvutika malipiro.

Chonchi zinayendera anatsimikiza ndi ndalama ntchito.