Detachments nsomba ndi zizindikiro zawo

Nsomba - inakhala zokhala m'madzi ndi kupuma ndi makutu. M'dziko lawo, pali zambiri kuposa 3 zikwi mitundu. Akukhulupirira kuti iwo anadza ku dziko, kuti pakhale nyama. Kodi makalasi ndi magulu a nsomba kumeneko? Kodi amasiyana mzake? Amene detachment amatanthauza sunfish - nsomba zolemera kwambiri mu dziko? Mafunso onsewa ife adzayankha m'nkhani ino.

Nsomba wapadera?

Nsomba - mbali ya zinthu zambiri komanso ophunzira ofunika mu unyolo chakudya. Iwo inafalitsidwa mu dziko, okhala mchere ndi madzi abwino kwa nyanja kuti Alps nyanja, ili pa mtunda wa makilomita oposa 6.

Ambiri a moyo akupereka madzi, kotero waukulu kupuma zida chifukwa iwo ndi makutu. detachments nsomba ambiri ndi owayimilira omwe amatha kutuluka kwa nthawi yochepa padziko (mudskipper, Anabas, zouluka nsomba). Ena ngakhale kukhala ziwalo zina kupuma - mapapo (lungfish - protopterus, Queensland Lungfish, etc ...).

moyo pafupifupi zonse m'madzi nsomba adamfunsa ndi zipangizo zapadera. integument awo akunja anapereka mamba - mbale wa dentin kapena gaonina Kosmin, amene superimposed pa wina ndi mzake monga matailosi.

Iwo amasunthira mothandizidwa ndi zipsepse ndi matupi kuchepetsa thupi lawo ali ndi mawonekedwe streamlined. nsomba zambiri kumeneko kusambira chikhodzodzo. Posintha kuthamanga, izo kumathandiza kuti kayendedwe ofukula za nyama za m'madzi, ndipo amawathandiza kukhala pa akuya ena.

gulu la nsomba

Nsomba - gulu la chordates, amene amadziŵika angapo makalasi. Magwero osiyanasiyana chiwerengero diverges. Kawirikawiri anawagawa chichereŵechereŵe ndi fupa. Nthawi zina Bony nsomba kuoneka superclass, ndipo mkati chimasiyanitsa makalasi a ray-finned ndi Lobe.

Detachments wa cartilaginous nsomba - ndi Chimaera, katranooobraznye, rajiformes, angelfish, mnogozhabernye, lamnooobraznye ndi mnzake. A okwana pafupifupi 13, ndipo ali mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa nsombazo, kuwala ndi chimaeras.

Mafupa a nsomba unapangidwa chichereŵechereŵe. Pa stingrays ndi nsombazo makutu Musanyalanyaze ndi chivindikiro, ndi kusiya kunja slits. Kusambira chikhodzodzo palibe, kuti nacho iwo mosalekeza paulendowu, mwinamwake iwo idzagwa pansi. Ena mitundu musati kuikira mazira ndi kubereka moyo kubadwa.

Detachments kalasi nsomba Bony achuluka. Monga dzina lake likunenera, mafupa awo unapangidwa mafupa. Makutu ali gawo la mafupa, iwo wapangidwa pamakhala ndi stamens, ndi pamwamba yokutidwa ndi lids.

M'nkhani basi kutchula magulu onse a nsomba si zotheka, kotero pano ife pofotokoza chidwi kwambiri ndi otchuka a iwo.

Perciformes

Yaikulu detachment nsomba, lomwe lili ndi mitundu za 7-8 zikwi. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi nsomba. Mbali yaikulu ya Perciformes nsomba kumuwombera - ctenoid mamba. m'mbali zake ndi zopinga, koma ogaŵikana cloves ambiri yaing'ono. The zipsepse pectoral ili pansipa chifuwa, ndi gawo la zipsepse zozungulira inasanduka minga.

Perciformes zimasiyanasiyana kukula. Ena mitundu kufika chabe masentimita ochepa (lyutsionsky mistihtis), pamene ena amakula mamita 3 (bluefin nsomba). oimira ambiri nsomba ya makerele, bullhead, nsomba, nsomba, gourami, nsomba zamipeni. Koma simuli iwo groupers, ndi a scorpaeniformes dongosolo.

Chimera

Chimaera nsomba detachment ali angapo quirky tione. thupi lawo ndi elongated ndi mwamphamvu mwapang'ono bichevidnomu mchira. Pamaso pa zipsepse awiri dorsal ndi munga kuti chingabisike mu khola kumbuyoko.

Uta wa yakuthwa ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe triangular. Kwa mitundu ina, izo kwambiri anawonjezera, ndipo anati Zikuluzikulu. pakamwa ili pansi. The zipsepse pectoral lalikulu ndi zooneka ngati mapiko a.

Chimera kusambira pang'onopang'ono, "zikuuluka" mu madzi. Nsomba pansi-okhala kuti moyo pa kuya kwambiri kapena shoals zikawonongeka. Zikupezeka mu Indian, Atlantic ndi ya Pacific. Zimaswana mazira shelving.

Nsombazi

Malinga ndi kapangidwe Nsombazi zatenga udindo wapakatikati pakati pa cartilaginous ndi Bony asilikali nsomba. Kawirikawiri a gulu la fupa lucheporyh nsomba ndi subclass hryaschekostnyh. Zikuphatikizapo beluga, mitundu yonse ya Nsombazi, kaluga, Nsombazi, ndi zina zotero D..

mafupa awo unapangidwa chichereŵechereŵe, ali ndi poyambira ndipo si divisible ndi vertebrae lapansi. nsomba thupi elongated ndi TACHIMATA ndi mizere asanu mbale yaikulu fupa, pakati limene flakes ang'onoang'ono. pakamwa ili pansi. Pamaso pake ndi barbels anayi, kusewera ntchito ziwalo kukhudza.

Nsombazi padziko mitsinje ndi nyanja ya kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Nsomba iwo sizachilendo, makamaka amtengo caviar. Ndi nsomba wokongola lalikulu. Beluga Mwachitsanzo, kufika mamita 4-9, Nsombazi - mamita 6.

Tetraodontiformes

wagawo Izi zikuphatikizapo nsomba Bony pafupifupi 250 mitundu. The ambiri oimira mawonekedwe zachilendo kwa thupi: .. ozungulira, flattened chimbale woboola pakati, kiyubiki, etc. M'kamwa mwa nsomba zambiri yaing'ono, chapamwamba nsagwada fupa mwamphamvu chatsekedwa. M'malo mamba mwachizolowezi, matupi awo yokutidwa ndi spines kapena singano yaing'ono.

Iwo anthu ofunda nyanja madzi pafupi equator ankaona kuti moti matanthwe. oimira chapadera ndi nsomba kanyama, sunfish, chikasu boxfish ndi ena. Sunfish - nsomba zolemera kwambiri mu dziko. Imatha kulemera upambana matani 20. Iwo ali litayamba woboola pakati, flattened laterally, nufikira mpaka mamita 2 awiri.

flatfish

Flatfish - lathyathyathya nsomba, akuyandama pa mbali yake. Pogona kumbali imodzi, kotero maso awo anayikidwa pa mbali imodzi yokha. Mtundu zambiri pafupi mitundu ya m'nyanjayo. Izi kufunika masking, chifukwa pafupifupi onse nsomba detachment ndi ogwirira kudya nkhanu, mollusks ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono.

Iwo padziko nyanja ku lotentha mabacteria kotentha, moyo makamaka pafupi pansi. Nsomba amakonda madzi osaya, alendo mitundu mosavuta kusambira mu mitsinje. Zikuphatikizapo fulonda, nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere, Malikisuwa. Miyeso ya oimira zing'onozing'ono masentimita 7-8, yaikulu - pafupifupi 5 mamita.

Clupeiformes

Clupeiformes kuimira limodzi mwa magulu ambiri wosazindikira nsomba mafupa. thupi lawo pang'ono flattened wokutidwa ndi mamba theka-zozungulira mawonekedwe. Chigaza tichipeza ambiri nsomba chichereŵechereŵe. Kuwala kwa zipsepse ndi zofewa kwambiri, kupanga detachment mChipangano "myagkoporye". Ndi detachment anafotokoza menheden Atlantic hering'i Baltic, Pacific, sadini, sprat, anchovies, hering'i, sprat.

nsomba ndi yosiyanasiyana moyo, ambiri amatha kupanga migrations yaitali. Iwo amafalitsidwa nyanja onse a dziko, makamaka m'madera otentha ndi malo otentha. Kumalo ozizira zigawo anthu mitundu ochepa, ena amakhalanso madzi abwino. Ambiri wa nsomba pelagic - tikukhala mu zigawo chapamwamba pa nyanja.

njoka yam'madzi

Zachilendo oimira nsomba Bony - njoka yam'madzi kumuwombera. Chifukwa cha yaitali, wotengedwa mwa thupi, angakhale osokonezeka ndi njoka. Komabe, thupi si mwapang'ono mchira njoka yam'madzi ndi zambiri ngakhale flattened laterally.

Iwo amasunthira meanders. zipsepse m'chiuno mwa nsomba, mmene ndi mamba. Khungu kuphimba ntchofu. Monga njoka, angakhale nthiti, ndipo mpaka lokwera 300 vertebrae lapansi. Kwambiri chakupha njoka yam'madzi ndipo adani. Makamaka mitundu ikuluikulu (chimphona moray eels), ngakhale poukira m'madzi ndipo kambuku nsombazo.

Izi nsomba za m'nyanja, mutsogolerane ndi madzi otentha. Iwo ali zosiyanasiyana eels moray ndi njoka yam'madzi. Yekha madzi oyera banja - anguillidae. Iwo amakhala mu madzi a mabeseni ya Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian Ocean.

imvi nsombazi

Mwa nsombazo onse, ochuluka kuposa ndi detachment karharidnye kapena imvi nsombazi. Pamafunikanso mitundu zoposa 250, kuphatikizapo nsombazi, hammerhead, nyalugwe, silika, ng'ombe nsombazi, ndi zina zotero. Mamembala D. ake ankaona pakati pa anthu okhala yoopsa kwambiri ya nyanja. Iwo anapambana kwambiri anafa.

Iwo amakhala mabacteria dhuzi na gombe ya nyanja ya otentha, subtropical ndi kotentha mabacteria ndi. Nsomba wangayo, ndiye anapuma ku kuya kwa nyanja, ndiye kusambira m'madzi osaya. Ena mitundu kuoneka ndi madzi abwino.

Nsombayi Gray ndi awiriawiri asanu slits gill, awiri dorsal ndi chimodzi kumatako chipsyepsye. Iwo zimaswana kapena kuikira mazira, kapena moyo kubadwa.

Ali ndi pakamwa chachikulu, yomwe ili pansi ndipo ikhale pamphuno ndi anawonjezera patsogolo. Ena nsombazo, izo kwambiri anamaliza (mu ng'ombe nsombazi). A mtundu umodzi wokha wa nsomba ya shaki. ikhale pamphuno awo flattened pamwamba ndipo onse mumbali, amatikumbutsa akadaulo nyundo. Woyamba dorsal chipsyepsye ali yokhota kumapeto mu mawonekedwe a zenga a.