Kusambira chikhodzodzo nsomba: kufotokoza, ntchito

Thupi la nsomba zovuta kwambiri ndi multifunctional. Luso kukhala m'madzi mwai kusambira ndi ntchito ndi kukonzanso wa bata chifukwa cha dongosolo wapadera wa thupi. Kuwonjezera alipidwa ngakhale ziwalo m'thupi ambiri m'madzi okhala anapereka mbali yapadera, kulola kupereka buoyancy ndi kukhazikika. N'kofunika amenewa ali kusambira chikhodzodzo, zomwe ndi kupitiriza intestine lapansi. Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, thupi Tingaone monga kalambulabwalo m'mapapo anthu. Koma nsomba iyo imagwira ntchito yake yaikulu, amene si yekha kwa mtundu wa bwino ntchito.

Mapangidwe ndi chikhodzodzo kusambira

Kukula kwa kuwira akuyamba larva, kuchokera foregut lapansi. Ambiri madzi oyera nsomba kusunga thupi ili moyo. Pa nthawi za kumasulidwa kwa Mphutsi thovu mwachangu koma palibe zikuchokera mpweya. Pakuti kudzazidwa ake mwachangu mpweya akubwera pamwamba ndi yolanda osakaniza zofunika yekha. Mu sitepe embryonic chitukuko swimbladder anapanga ngati outgrowth wa dorsal msana ndi kusungidwa pansi. Kenako, njira imene zikugwirizana gawo ili la kholingo, kusiyiratu. Koma izi si anthu onse. Pamaziko a kukhalapo ndi kusapezeka kwa njira imeneyi anawagawa nsomba ndi zakryto- physostomous. Mu nkhani yoyamba, overgrowth mpweya ritsa, ndi mpweya ndi udzatulukira kupyolera mu capillaries mwazi pa makoma mkati mwa kuwira. Nsomba physostomous thupi ili chikugwirizana ndi intestine kudzera mpweya ritsa, ndi mmene muli mpweya kuchotsa.

Gasi wodzazidwa chikhodzodzo

Gasi kuthamanga chikhodzodzo kansa ndi kukhazikika. Makamaka, amathandiza kusintha izo, ngati n'koyenera, kuchepetsa adamulowetsa wofiira thupi anapanga wandiweyani capillary maukonde. Popeza mayikidwe a kuthamanga nsomba physostomous msanga kuposa mitundu zakrytopuzyrnyh, iwo mwamsanga kuwuka kuchokera pansi pa madzi. Pamene kugwira nsomba asodzi mtundu chachiwiri zina anaona kuti chikhodzodzo kusambira mutuluka kuchokera mkamwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti beseni ndi mpweya ndi kuwuka mofulumira pamwamba pansi. nsomba, makamaka, akhoza zimachitika nsomba, nsomba ndi sticklebacks. Ena ogwirira kuti moyo pansi, achepetsa kuwira.

ntchito hydrostatic

Nsomba kuwira thupi multifunctional, koma ntchito yake yaikulu ili ziziyenda imasiyanasiyana pansi madzi. Iyi ndi ntchito ya chikhalidwe hydrostatic, zomwe, poyamba, akhoza mmalo mbali zina za thupi, amene zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zitsanzo za nsomba alibe kuwira. Lang'anani, ntchito yaikulu ya nsomba kuthandiza kukhala pa kuya ena, pamene kulemera kwa madzi amene anathawira ndi thupi limafanana ndi unyinji wa munthu. Zochita ntchito hydrostatic angaoneke motere: panthawi ya ubatizo wa thupi yogwira ali wothinikizidwa pamodzi ndi kuwira, ndipo pamene kupanga chitunda M'malo mwake, ndi anaweramuka. The ndondomeko ya akusunsa misa osamukira buku amachepetsa ndipo zosakwana kulemera kwa nsomba. Choncho nsomba akhoza kugwera pansi popanda movutikira kwambiri. M'munsi madzi, ndi apamwamba mphamvu kuthamanga ndi thupi wothinikizidwa. njira n'zosiyana zimachitika pa nthawi chikweza - mpweya zambiri, chifukwa mu misa ntchito ndi nsomba mosavuta kukacha.

imalandira

Pamodzi ndi ntchito hydrostatic zokhudza thupi, ndipo mwa njira inayake chithandizo kumva. Atatero, nsomba akhoza kuzindikira phokoso ndi kugwedera yoweyula. Koma mphamvu mulibe mitundu yonse - mu gulu ndi luso limeneli monga carp ndi mlamba. Koma amaonera phokoso lokha limapereka palibe chikhodzodzo kusambira, ndi gulu lonse la matupi amene adzaupereka. minofu Special Mwachitsanzo, lingachititse Phokoso kuwira makoma, zomwe zimabweretsa kugwedera zomverera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mitundu ina kuti imeneyi kuwira, palibe kwathunthu hydrostatics, koma anakhalabe n'zotheka kuzindikira mawu. Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito makamaka kwa nsomba benthic kuti yambiri miyoyo yawo pa mlingo chomwecho pansi pa madzi.

ntchito zoteteza

The minnows mphindi ngozi, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kumasula mpweya ku chikhodzodzo ndi kubala phokoso yeniyeni distinguishable congeners awo. Sitiyenela kuganiza kuti mapangidwe phokoso ndi wosazindikira ndipo sangakhoze kumvetsedwa mwa anthu ena a dziko m'madzi. Gorby odziwika asodzi kung'ung'uza ndi grunting phokoso. Komanso, kusambira chikhodzodzo nsomba gurnard zilipo, kwenikweni mantha lamulo la sitima zankhondo US panthawi ya nkhondo - anali limaonetseratu zimalira. Kawirikawiri zizindikiro zimenezi zimachitika munthawi ya nsomba overstrain mantha. Ngati nkhani ya hydrostatic chikhodzodzo ntchito opareshoni amapezeka mchikakamizo cha kuthamanga kunja ndi mapangidwe ndiye phokoso kumachitika monga wapadera chizindikiro zoteteza anapanga basi nsomba.

Imene palibe kusambira chikhodzodzo nsomba?

Mosatsata izi limba Parusnikova nsomba, komanso mitunduyi pafupi pansi pa moyo. Pafupifupi anthu onse deepwater komanso popanda chikhodzodzo kusambira. Izi ziri chimodzimodzi choncho pamene buoyancy akhoza anaonetsetsa ndi njira zina - makamaka chifukwa kudzikundikira mafuta ndi luso lawo chosafooka. Tikhale olimba zinthu kumathandiza kuti kachulukidwe otsika a thupi zina nsomba. Koma palinso mfundo zina kukhala ndi ntchito hydrostatic. Mwachitsanzo, kusambira chikhodzodzo nsombazi ndi ndondomeko choncho amakakamizidwa kukhala akuya okwanira kumiza chifukwa mpheto yogwira thupi ndi zipsepse.

Pomaliza

Osati kanthu, akatswiri ambiri azindikira kufanana pakati pa ziwalo kupuma ndi chikhodzodzo nsomba. Umabweretsa izi ubwenzi zinachokera thupi, mu nkhani zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira ndi kapangidwe atsopano a nsomba. Popeza kuti chikhodzodzo kusambira sipezeka mitundu yonse ya nsomba, izo zimayambitsa kusatsatira. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti thupi kulibe, koma njira ya manja ake ndi kuchepetsa amati kuthekera kwa kuchita popanda mbali imeneyi. Nthawi zina, nsomba ntchito kwa ntchito yofanana ya hydrostatic mafuta mkati ndi osalimba a thupi m'munsi, ndi zina - ndi zipsepse.