Dongosolo la chigamulo m'mabwalo a la Russia. Kapangidwe ka dongosolo chigamulo Akuluakulu a ku Russia

mikangano Economic, ie, yokhudza wothandizila zosiyanasiyana chuma Russia ingathetsedwe ndi thandizo la mabwalo chigamulo. ndi limatchula za ntchito zawo zomwe? Kodi malamulo amayendetsa ntchito za chigamulo?

Ntchito makhoti chigamulo

Taganizirani poyambira ndiye, amasankha zimene ntchito dongosolo zotuluka chigamulo m'mabwalo a la Russia. kulunjika awo limanenedwa osiyana feduro zolimbana mchitidwe - APC RF. Malinga ndi Code, kachitidwe ka chigamulo m'mabwalo a Federation ndi Russian zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto kugwirizana ndi kusamvana, monga taonera pamwambapa, mikangano zachuma - anthu mabungwe zokhudza bizinesi: amalonda munthu, makampani osiyanasiyana malonda, makampani akunja.

Activities zogwirizana mabungwe milandu motsatira APC ndi zina za lamulo, makamaka la Federal Constitution Chilamulo pa chigamulo makhoti. Mu mndandanda wa ntchito pothetsa mabungwe amaonedwa monga:

• kuteteza ufulu ndi zofuna za anthu kuchita zinthu malonda, komanso akuluakulu boma oyang'anira tauni m'munda wa bizinesi;
• kuonetsetsa kupezeka kwa chigamulo chilungamo kwa malonda osiyanasiyana;
• chilungamo Kuthetsa nkani zochimwilana pakati mkati timeframe wololera;
• kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsa malamulo, kumbali ndi kupewa zolakwa m'dera la ntchito chuma;
• kulimbikitsa kulemekeza anthu ndiponso mabungwe lamulo;
• ntchito za ziwiya, kukondoweza chitukuko pakati pa mabungwe mabungwe;
• makhalidwe ntchito kulankhulana.

Normative lamulo dongosolo chigamulo makhoti

Tiyeni tsopano tione mwatsatanetsatane ndi zimene normative amachita dongosolo malamulo a chigamulo m'mabwalo a la Russia. Gwero lofunika pa lamulo, lomwe ziyenera kuchokera mu ntchito za chigamulo monga Ndithudi, mabungwe iliyonse, anthu ndi mabungwe - pa Russian Constitution. Mwachindunji, dongosolo zimene zikuchitika arbitral makamaka anatsimikiza ndi lamulo la boma, komanso:

• Federal Constitutional Chilamulo "Pa Judicial System";
• Federal Constitutional Chilamulo "Pa makhoti chigamulo";
• APC RF;
• malamulo ena feduro, kuchuluka kwa chimene chimafika kwa ntchito za chigamulo.

RF APC anatchula mfundo, chimene chakudya cha pangano mayiko tidzakwatulidwa ntchito Chitaganya cha Russia, ngati ikuti malamulo ena kusiyana ndi amene anakonza malamulo. Pa mlandu ayenera okhawo chakudya panopa lamulo. Kukachitika kuti wina kapena ponseponse wina malamulo procedural, amene ali wofunikila kufufuza zotsatira ubale kutsatira mu chimango cha msonkhano sichiri mwa malamulo, dongosolo la chigamulo m'mabwalo a Federation ndi Russian ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi mfundo za chitsanzo cha lamulo. Ndiko kuti, mkangano pa nkhani ya malamulo ofanana malamulo kuti zonse unagona m'madera zokhudzana.

Tiyeni tsopano tione zimene ndi chigamulo Court la Chitaganya cha Russia monga bungwe loziyimila palokha malamulo. Pakuti ichi ife titembenukira kwa chakudya cha Federal Constitutional Chilamulo "Pa makhoti chigamulo".

Chigamulo mabwalo monga bungwe loziyimila palokha malamulo

Malinga ndi gwero wodziwika wa chilamulo, chigamulo ndi mabwalo amilandu a feduro. tili ndi mabungwe zogwirizana:

• circumferential chigamulo mabwalo (iwonso ali cassation);
• appellate mabungwe milandu;
• makhoti mayesero nkhani RF;
• makhoti apadera.

Poyamba, bungwe apamwamba waukulu mkati mwa dongosolo zogwirizana ndi Supreme Court chigamulo cha la Russia. Komabe, mu 2014 wopanga malamulo kugwiritsa kukonza zinachititsa kuti ntchito SAC atenga Supreme Court. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mbali ya kusintha mu lamulo zolimbana.

Judicial kusintha mu 2014

Choncho, kumayambiriro 2014 wopanga malamulo amene anayambitsa Kusintha:

• mu FKZ "Pa Khoti Lalikulu";
• mu FKZ "Pa dongosolo milandu."

Malinga ndi iwo, monga taonera pamwambapa, ntchito za RF pambuyo kumayambiriro kusinthidwa zogwirizana mu mphamvu August 2014 zapita pansi ulamuliro wa Mphamvu ndi zida. Unakhazikitsidwa ndondomeko yapadera mapangidwe zikuchokera oweruza mu chimango cha Mphamvu ndi onyamula, walandira mphamvu zatsopano.

kukonzanso uku, malinga ndi zimene Russian Federation Supreme Court chigamulo anali bwino anathetsa ngati anayambitsa palokha wa kumanja, chifukwa kwambiri ndithu akuwadzudzula. Monga akatswiri ankaona competencies amene poyamba anali ndi onyamula Mphamvu, si choncho n'zosavuta kuti muyambe kwa mlingo wa mabungwe ena amanena. Pa nkhani imeneyi, malinga ndi akatswiri, mwina ndichepe khalidwe la milandu mu chimango cha Kuthi chigamulo.

Choncho, kusintha kwa milandu dongosolo zinachitika. Aliyense chigamulo Court la Chitaganya cha Russia akuchita ntchito zake Popeza kuti ulamuliro wapamwamba chothetsera zachuma panopa ali zachitetezo.

Tiyeni tikambirane mbali makamaka a mitundu yeniyeni ya mabwalo a milandu chigamulo omwe anasonyeza mwa ife pamwamba: ndi chigawo appellate, kuchita ntchito ya Choyamba Mwachitsanzo mabungwe kuti ntchito pa mlingo wa nkhani RF, komanso apadera. Pakuti ichi ife titembenukira kwa chakudya cha Federal Constitutional Chilamulo "Pa dongosolo milandu."

makhoti District: mbali kugwira ntchito

Choncho, dongosolo la chigamulo m'mabwalo a Federation ndi Russian zikuphatikizapo mabungwe amene ntchito zawo pa Boma. arbitrations zimenezi ndi cassation. Mwina kudziŵika kuti iwo amaona mikangano pa Poyamba. Tikumbukenso kuti m'maboma chigamulo mogwirizana ndi chilamulo, ali opambana mabungwe monga:

• Khoti la chigamulo;
• mabungwe amene ntchito pa mlingo wa nkhani RF.

Pankhaniyi, mitundu onse a mabungwe ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe pa dera la Chigawo, pokhapokha malamulo ena osati akufotokozera malamulo Federal Constitution. Mofananamo, mphamvu, mapangidwe aligorivimu, komanso ngati ndondomeko kuyendetsa ntchito za Anatsegula milandu chigawo inakhazikitsidwa pa mlingo wa FCL.

makhoti apilo

Kwenikweni, khoti appellate a chigamulo monga bungwe loziyimila palokha malamulo ndi pano mwa dongosolo zogwirizana. mphamvu ake anasonyeza pa Russian Federal Constitutional Chilamulo. Mkati yamtunduwu ake, mabungwe angalingalire operekera mavuto atsopano kapena kumene akuwuka.

Chigamulo mu zigawo Russian

Zitsanzo mabungwe zogwirizana - wa kuweruza arbitral kapena m'mphepete a m'derali, zomwe ndi nkhani osiyana la Russia. mphamvu zazikulu za mabungwe awa omwe angakhudzidwe ndi utsogoleli wa chilungamo pa mlingo wa Poyamba, komanso mavuto atsopano kapena kumene anatuluka.

Phunziro la Chitaganya cha Russia, ndipo ankaona kuti mzinda wa tanthauzo feduro. Choncho, pali chigamulo bwalo la Moscow, St. Petersburg. Nchito yake ndi mphamvu za mabungwe onse okhudzidwa funso. Chigamulo Court wa Moscow dera adzakhala paokha ku likulu. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi wa St. Petersburg ndi Leningrad dera. The chigamulo Court wa St. Petersburg zochimwazo kumathetsa mikangano akuwuka pakati pa mabungwe a zachuma amene ntchito mu mzinda. Chigamulo m'dera Leningrad tikambirana milandu yokhudza Makampani, kuimira zigawo wawo.

Chigamulo Court la munda kapena mtundu wina wa gulu la Chitaganya cha Russia akuchita ntchito zake m'njira imene ngati momwe zinalili ndi mabungwe yapita, anatsimikiza pa mlingo wa chilamulo Federal Constitution.

mtundu wina wa chigamulo - ndi makhoti apadera. Alinso ndi udindo feduro. Taganizirani mbali ya ntchito yawo mwatsatanetsatane.

arbitrations apadera

Kwenikweni, apadera mabwalo amilandu a feduro kungakhale optionally chigamulo. N'zotheka kuti iwo amagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi milandu kayendetsedwe ndi boma, lomwe ambiri ankakhala mu ulamuliro wa m'mabwalo a ulamuliro onse. Komabe, ngati n'koyenera, iwo akhoza kuchita ntchito ya Anatsegula milandu apadera. Dongosolo la mapangidwe awo, monga momwe zilili ndi mabungwe ena, monga Chigawo Kukonda, Khoti Loona za chigamulo cha mabwalo, dera kapena dera anatsimikiza ndi mlingo wa FCL.

Court nzeru katundu ufulu

Chitsanzo cha chigamulo apadera - bwalo ufulu nzeru katundu. Bungweli amaona mikangano zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa ufulu. Pankhaniyi, Khoti Loona za ufulu aluntha chuma pa nthawi yomweyo ali ndi ulamuliro pa utsogoleli wa chilungamo pa mlingo wa nthawi yoyamba ndipo cassation.

Kotero, ife anayang'ana pa zofunika zokhudza dongosolo la chigamulo m'mabwalo a Russian Federation, ndilo bungwe izo zinkaimira. Zidzakhala zothandiza kuti tione zina zabwino wa dzikoli. Makamaka njira Jaji amasankhidwa mu chigamulo cha. Kuchita izi, ife titembenukira kachiwiri kwa chakudya cha Federal Constitutional Chilamulo "Pa chigamulo makhoti", komanso kuti azitha malamulo ake.

Kusankha oweruza chigamulo

Kusankha mpando ndi ziwanga awo, komanso oweruza mogwirizana ndi makonzedwe a mitundu yonse mabungwe:

• Federal Constitutional Chilamulo "Pa Judicial System";
• "Pa udindo wa Oweruza" lamulo la Chitaganya cha Russia.

The chikhalidwe yaikulu imene nzika anatumizidwa ku chigamulo Court wa Moscow, St. Petersburg, dera, zigawo chigawo - ndicho kupeza chilolezo cha Board Zofunikira. Zikatero, thupi kudzakhala kusankha amasulidwe oweruza ku ofesi. Komabe, iwo akhoza akatulukire kwa Board ndi chilango cha RF onyamula Zikuchititsa.

Ndalama ntchito chigamulo

A Mbali ina ya ntchito chigamulo kuti timaphunzira - ndalama. Iwo ikuchitika likuvutika bajeti feduro. Ndalama ya mabwalo a magulu ankhondo okhala ndi zida ikuchitika amaganizira malo a Dipatimenti Judicial. Choncho, yokonza maofesi a pansi kulingalira ikuchitika pakati. The chigamulo Bwalo la Region Moscow, likulu, ndi County amagwiritsa bajeti feduro.

Kukula ndi kapangidwe ka arbitrations

Taganiziraninso njira imene malamulo a boma latsopano la Russia umamangidwa ndi kukula ndiponso dongosolo la mabungwe awa. Mwina kudziŵika kuti manambalawo anakhazikitsa ndi malamulo bajeti, popeza ife taonera, mphoto arbitral ndi ndalama zolipirira ndi bajeti boma. Pankhaniyi, kukula ndiponso dongosolo la mabungwe yeniyeni milandu, monga chigamulo Court wa St. Petersburg, Moscow, zigawo, madera ndi wofunitsitsa Asilikali onyamula zida malire anapereka malamulo ameme bajeti.

The zida za kuweruza arbitral

Mbali ina ya mabungwe a ankaona kuti akhala akugwira kuphunzira - kugwira ntchito chipangizo. Thupi ili ndi udindo thandizo gulu la ntchito za chigamulo cha. Imayang'anira yoyenera chipangizo tcheyamani zenizeni za kuweruza arbitral. Ntchito yaikulu kucitika mwa thupi ili:

• chisanadze mayesero kuvomera anthu amene mukugwira nawo mikangano;
• kulandira ndi opereka zikalata zosiyanasiyana, kukhazikitsa kafukufuku wawo;
• Kupititsa mutsogolo nchito za oweruza ngati gawo kukonzekera kwawo kwa kuganizira mikangano;
• kusunga a milandu osiyana;
• kuphunzira ndi chifupikitso cha jurisprudence akutulukira;
• Kukonzekera cha maganizo osiyanasiyana kuti atchule kusinthidwa zofunika malamulo;
• zambiri zokhudza ntchito;
• marekodi zowerengera ntchito zazikulu;
• ndi mmene kukumana a m'banja;
• kuchirikiza kukhwimitsa malamulo inakhazikitsa ndi bwalo.

Ntchito ya ndodo bwalo ndi Lamulo ndi makonzedwe apadera. Amavomereza ake Judicial Dipatimenti ya RF onyamula Zikuchititsa. Pofuna kuthana ndi nkhani yeniyeni kuti angabuke kulingalira nthawi zina makina awo ati gulu la aphungu amene ndi oyenerera ntchitoyo. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito ankaona mabungwe zipangizo, osati kuphatikizapo ogwira nawo chitetezo, yokonza nyumba, yokonza zipangizo zoyendera ndi chimafotokozera malamulo bajeti.

Kapangidwe ndi chiwerengero cha zida chigamulo anaika wapampando wa khoti, nkhani kugwirizana ndi Dipatimenti Judicial mu Mphamvu ya onyamula zochokera zizindikiro kumatanthauza pa mlingo wa malamulo bajeti. ndodo Court amakhala ndi udindo wa a boma. ufulu ndi udindo wawo ofunitsitsa ndi malamulo osiyana boma ndi zinthu zina malamulo anatengera kuti konza dongosolo la malamulo malamulo a atumiki. Ufulu Ndi ntchito ya ndodo bwalo amene alibe a boma udindo, amatsanzira Labor Code.

chidule

Choncho tinaphunzira mbali ya mapeto a chigamulo m'mabwalo a la Russia. Anthu amene 4 mitundu yakuti: circumferential, apilo zombo RF nkhani, komanso chigamulo apadera.

Ntchito za mabungwe zogwirizana ndi malamulo ena a boma feduro. Kuyambira 2014 akatswiri apamwamba mu dongosolo chigamulo ali Supreme Court. Iye ali ndi udindo kwa mapangidwe gulu la oweruza mabungwe yeniyeni mwa anthu magawo manambala ndodo, amene anapereka malamulo ameme bajeti. Izo, nawonso, chimasonyeza dongosolo adzakhala ndalama ndi chigamulo makhoti a ku Russia.

mabungwe ankaona kuthetsa mikangano zachuma ndi nawo amalonda, makampani ntchito, maboma. Gulu la ntchito za chigamulo ndikukhazikitsa mabungwe mu pachikhalidwe chawo.