Dongosolo Monetary

Mu zitsanzo makono a anayamba msika chuma dongosolo ndalama ngongole ali ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri limagwirira zachuma. Ndi dongosolo yeniyeni ya makope zachuma, amene nthawi yobweretsa ndalama, kulamulira utuluke chuma, amasonkhana ndi redistributes utuluke ndalama, kuchititsa midzi pakati pa mabungwe a zachuma, ngongole kwa anthu ndi kumabungwe ena a chuma.

Pali mfundo ziwiri za dongosolo la ndalama: woyamba ndi ya ngongole asapita, njira ndi mawonekedwe a ndalama (zinchito mawonekedwe); wachiwiri - akonzedwa a mabungwe ena azachuma amene amakhala kudziunjikira ndalama yochepa likupezeka ndalama kenako kongoletsani (mawonekedwe nchito).

Mbali yoyamba tikulankhula za ubale monga banki, malonda, boma, ogula ngongole lonse.

Nkhani yachiwiri yafupika magawo zotsatirazi. Modern Monetary System - kuipidwa limagwirira kuti ali milingo zingapo, zimene amasonkhana ndi kugawira katundu ndalama. Zinthu zazikulu za dongosolo ndi: Bank ku Central, kachitidwe ka boma ndi quasi-mabanki; nchito banki, womwenso mabanki malonda, ndalama, magombe apadera malonda; ngongole kubweza, ndalama, ngongole apadera ndi mabungwe osakhala banki ndalama: Ndalama penshioni, kampani ya inshuwalansi ndi ndalama lathu, makampani ndalama, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndalama ndi mayanjano ngongole, lachifundo maziko.

Izi chiwembu atatu mlingo ndi khalidwe la mayiko ambiri otukuka (US, Japan, mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya). mayiko osiyana mu mlingo wa chitukuko cha mayunitsi munthu wa dongosolo. The ambiri anayamba a dongosolo ndalama ndi ngongole ku United States, mogwirizana ndi zimene zili ndi zochokera m'mayiko olemera pamene kupanga machitidwe awo ngongole.

boma nthawi dongosolo la ndalama m'njira zikuluzikulu ziwiri: mwa zochita mwachindunji utsogoleri (poika mtengo okhwima kovuta katundu, etc.) kapena kudzera m'njira zina zaboma alowererepo (khalidwe la ndondomeko ndalama).

Choncho n'zoonekeratu kuti ndalama dongosolo ngongole za boma lakonzedwa zosoŵa za chuma mu kufalitsa zilipo ndalama ndipo zikusefukira mu zigawo zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zingamuthandize. Mu ena mabungwe nthawi uka mongoyembekezera ufulu ndalama (zotsala ndalama), pamene ena - mu zofuna ndalama zina. kutsutsana Izi bwinobwino watsimikiza la ndalama dongosolo ngongole ya dziko.

Monetary ndi ngongole dongosolo la Chitaganya cha Russia tichipeza tiers atatu: ku Central Bank; dongosolo banki (mabanki a chikhalidwe malonda); apadera ngongole ndi mabungwe ena azachuma. Kapangidwe izi momveka amasonyeza zosowa za chuma cha dziko, ndi pafupi ndi chitsanzo cha machitidwe ngongole ya mayiko olemera ndi kuyamba atengere njira yatsopano ya zenizeni zachuma.

dongosolo ngongole adakali deficiencies zina pafupifupi onse milingo (kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha magombe waung'ono, kampani ya inshuwalansi, ndalama ndalama ndi mabanki malonda kupitiriza amakhazikika mu ntchito ngongole yochepa, zomwe zimachititsa osakwanira redirection ndalama kuti chitukuko cha Boma mafakitale ndi zina za chuma. kotero lero ngongole mbali zokwanira kachitidwe RF amafuna kusintha zina Imayenera ntchito kwa ndalama-cred. dongosolo tnoj lakonzedwa kupereka boma khola la chuma cha dziko.

dongosolo banki Russia ali m'njira ziwiri, kudzera mwa ku Central Bank of la Russia (Bank of Russia) ndi mabanki malonda.