Features kachitidwe kamakono kulankhulana

Koyamba, mfundo izi zingaoneke n'chimodzimodzi, koma ali ndi matanthauzo osiyana kotheratu.

Cipher pali njira akatembenuka mudziwe kuti kuteteza kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa nesanktsionnovanih. Science kuti amaphunzira njira ndi njira deta kubisa otchedwa cryptography. Tikumbukenso kuti mbiri mizu cryptography ena mwangwiro mawu asilikali: ndi adani, code, etc. - iwo molondola zikusonyeza tanthauzo la mfundo zowonjezera. Komabe, nkhondo terminology, zochokera akuti "malamulo" ziribe kanthu kochita ndi cryptography ongolankhula, chifukwa masiku ano kwaiye wolemba pulogalamu chiphunzitso - lalikulu munda sayansi kuti maphunziro ndipo akufotokozera njira chitetezo mfundo pakutchulidwa zolakwa mwachisawawa pa njira zolankhulirana. Choncho, kunena kuti "wolemba pulogalamu - ndi mtundu wa kubisa" ndi misnomer.

Kabisidwe ndi kubisa n'zogwirizana, koma a pasukuluyi cholinga chake. mudziwe 'kala' ikusonyeza ikuchitika kuti kupanga mfundo malinga ndi malamulo ena mwa mawonekedwe abwino kwa HIV pa njira inayake. Phata la dongosolo lililonse kabisidwe ndi kalembedwe masamu monga dongosolo kujambula, zochokera amene akhoza kupeza chiwerengero cha zizindikiro zosiyana. Childs, zizindikiro akuyimira zingwe za ziro bayinare ndi anthu (kujambula Motero, mwachibadwa ntchito pamene kupatsira ndi kusunga makompyuta).

deta kubisa - njira akatembenuka mudziwe kutetezedwa AI ndi mwayi wosaloleka. Choncho, uthenga encrypted kotero kuti amakhala zovuta kuzimvetsa, ndipo yosiyanasiyana - kukhala bwino ngakhale pambuyo kulanda kulankhula njira, sipangakhalenso anakhudzidwa ndi phokoso. Wolemba pulogalamu mudziwe ayenera kuchepetsa khalidwe la malemba ndi owerengeka zilembo (ie, 'kala' ikusonyeza ayenera kukhala mulingo woyenera kwambiri), ndipo kudziwa ndi zolakwa zolondola mu HIV ndi kusunga mudziwe (wolemba pulogalamu ayenera kukonza).

Choncho, ngati mukufuna tikuuza pa ulalo ena, kotero kuti pa linanena bungwe kupeza yodalirika chinsinsi zambiri muyenera kuphatikiza onse ndondomeko kutembenuka, akuti:

- Choka uthenga dongosolo lina la chiwerengero (nthawizina mokwanira n'kukhala dongosolo bayinare kalembedwe, koma pali ena, mwachitsanzo, binomial, fibonachieva etc.);

- chitetezo uthenga (pali zosiyanasiyana njira kubisa, kuyambira pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zizindikiro ukufika akale);

- Alandira uthenga encrypted kuti ndiyotengera kuti linanena bungwe uthenga mwapadera decoded;

- decode uthenga ayenera kuzindikira ndi zolakwa zolondola komwe kumachitika nthawi kufala kwa uthenga;

- Decrypt uthenga mogwirizana ndi kubisa ikuchitika (chifukwa kuti sender ndi wolandila choyamba tiyenera kugwirizana ndondomeko kubisa). Monga ulamuliro, njirayi imakhala ndi njira ambiri, ndi "chinsinsi". Chofunika ndi kuika deta kumasulira kutembenuka zenizeni za kuchuluka kusinthika cipher;

- Alandira uthenga kutengerapo ku analandira dongosolo nambala ku chiyambi.

Choncho, chitetezo ndi zolondola kufala kwa mudziwe amafuna kwambiri khama. Masiku ano, wamphamvu makompyuta kwambiri zimatithandiza ndondomeko imeneyi, koma Sizotheka kuti decrypt uthenga, makamaka ngati makiyi ali osadziwika ndi Zipangizo zamakono. Chifukwa zopinga mu njira ya mudziwe zinthu molakwika, kotero ntchito wolemba pulogalamu maluso ameneŵa kuti angazindikire ndi kukonza cholakwacho.

Choncho, pa kulankhulana njira opatsirana uthenga. uthenga analandira zili parity chiwerengero cha mayunitsi: ngati chiwerengero ngakhale mayunitsi kuti apange kopanda kuti palibe zolakwika, ndipo pamene decoding kukana manambala lomaliza. Ngati chiwerengero cha mayunitsi ali wosamvetseka, uthenga inatuma zolakwika. The sangathe wa njira iyi kuti limakupatsani yekha azindikire zolakwa popanda kukonza iwo, pamene kubwerezabwereza kachidindo si detects komanso likukonza zolakwika.

Motero, aliyense wa njira zotsatirazi 'kala' ikusonyeza ali ndi zovuta zake Komabe, njira izi kusewera kufunika ukulu wolemba pulogalamu chiphunzitso ndipo maziko a kumanga zizindikiro changwiro choposa. Mu nthawi yathu, zizindikiro ndi Hamming ntchito, Nagoya, Reed -Myullera, Hadamard, etc ..

Ndi ciphers momwe angatetezere mudziwe kupeza wosaloleka zikutanthauza kuti pali njira zambiri ndi zomwe mungathe m'kagulu ciphers. Childs, gulu zofunika imatengedwa:

a) zochepa ntchito ciphers;

b) ciphers ntchito ambiri a anthu modziletsa;

c) zizindikiro-kuuza fungulo payekha.

Mu 1963, katswiri wa masamu American Klod Shennon ntchito njira yomweyo anayamba kufufuza cipher mwamasamu m'Malemba kuti ciphers onse chakale zigawo zikuluzikulu monga mmene Kodi njira zotsatirazi kubisa monga zizindikiro ndi ciphers kusakaniza kubalalika.

SUMMARY cipher kupezeka ndi redistribute redundancy gwero umene uli mu malo plaintext osiyana. Chifukwa chaichi, ndi m'malo nambala amalire wa zinthu P, chomwe ndi kiyi osadziwika. Choncho, chiwerengero cha makiyi zotheka ndi wofanana P.

Pamene kuwerenga ntchito osiyanitsidwa M'MALO. kubisa amenewa, ngakhale sikumangotikhudza pafupipafupi makalata, koma kubisa pafupipafupi bigrams, trigrams, etc .. Mfundo yaikulu ya kusanganikirana cipher ndi ubale pakati pa kiyi ndi lemba kubisa kutero zovuta ngati n'kotheka. Bwino ntchito mayunitsi m'malo zizindikiro zingapo zilembo uthenga, ngakhale eneyi chakuti chinsinsi amakhala nthawi yaitali.

Kumanga cryptology ano sayansi zachokera kuchotsedwa mfundo ndi mfundo za masamu, sayansi ya chiphunzitso zambiri , etc .. Komabe, ngakhale zovuta kumvetsa, kuchuluka kwa ongolankhula patsogolo cryptology chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo, monga makadi pulasitiki, e-mail, kachitidwe banki malipiro, ndi kumayambiriro zinasokoneza makompyuta, zamagetsi kukavota kachitidwe, etc ..