Gioachino Rossini a "Barber wa Seville": Mwachidule

Comedy ndi Pierre Beaumarchais 'The Barber wa Seville "ndi" Ukwati wa Figaro ", molingana ndi azambiriyakale, anali m'mene wa French kuukira boma, monga iwo anali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zolembedwa pa mutu wa tsiku. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Mwachitsanzo, nkhani yoyamba ya masewero awa mobwerezabwereza inakhala maziko a libretto kuimba nyimbo za opera a. Makamaka mu 1816 ntchito yofanana olembedwa Italy Wolemba Dzhoakkino Rossini. "The Barber wa Seville" mu Baibulo wake analephera pa kuyamba ndi. Koma masiku ano, ena Arias ndi ntchito akhoza kulimva zoimbaimba ambiri otchuka a pa sewero nyimbo.

Rossini yonena mpaka 1816

Pamaso kufotokoza momwe sewero la "The Barber wa Seville" linalembedwa mwachidule amene anapereka m'munsimu, M'pofunikanso kukumbukira za yemwe anali mlembi wake. Choncho, Dzhoakkino Rossini anabadwa mu 1792 m'tauni ku Italy Pesaro, mu banja la woimba ndi lipenga player. luso lake m'munda wa nyimbo anali kupezeka kwambiri, ndipo makolo nthawi yomweyo anatumiza mnyamata kuphunzira mu Bologna.

Choyamba opera wamng'ono Wolemba a ( "Bill ukwati," 1810) kunachititsa kuti chidwi cha anthu, ndiponso yotsatira zaka 2 Rossini sichidamsowa malamulo. Kuwonjezera apo, analemba mabuku "Tancredi" ndi "L'Italiana mu Algeri" imene Pambuyo kuti ndikatumikire kwa zisudzo "La Scala".

Background "The Barber wa Seville"

Mu 1816 Dzhoakkino Rossini zinasaina pangano ndi Roma zisudzo Arzhentino umene alonjeza kulemba sewero watsopano zikondwerero. Malinga ndi mwambo alipo pa nthawiyo libretto ankayenera kuti anagonjera kukhazikitsidwa ndi censors, koma palibe njira sanali ovomerezeka. Pamene nthawi zikondwerero anali wamng'ono, wolemba lingaliro la sewero lanthabwala Beaumarchais a "The Barber wa Seville," amene anali kale katatu inakhala maziko a nkhani za zisudzo za zisudzo powonekera Italiya, ndipo anaganiza zopita kuti yopunthidwa, monga kuti aswe mgwirizano.

The ndondomeko ya kulenga zisudzo ndi nduna yayikulu

Pomwepo pa chiphaso cha naye censors ndi, Rossini anapita kukagwira ntchito ndi kumaliza mu nthawi umboni, wolemera okwana masiku 13. Koma libretto, malinga ndi zomwe, zochitika za opera ndi Sevilla, ndi nthawi - mapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18, zinalembedwa ndi Cesare Sterbini.

Umu ndi momwe sewero la "The Barber wa Seville," limene kwa pafupifupi zaka 200 linakhalapo wopyoza mazana chuma. Komabe, nduna yaikulu ya ana Rossini anapita zoipa kwambiri. Mfundo yakuti mu 1782 mankhwala ndi nkhani yomweyo olembedwa nyale ya Italy za zisudzo Dzhovanni Paiziello, amene anali kwambiri mafani. Maonekedwe a Baibulo latsopano iwowa ankaoneka ulemu munthu wokalamba wa mbuye, ndi iwo booed zisudzo, kuchita Arias ndi Rossini. Ngakhale kulephera kwa kuyamba ndi, ntchito yachiwiri kunachitika, ndipo anachititsa kuti si kusokoneza wolemba, ndi namatetule wa Paganini. Zotsatira zake zinali zosiyana ndi oonera mokondwera, ngakhale amene ankachitika ndi chionetsero torchlight polemekeza Rossini.

overture

anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti Rossini a "Barber wa Seville" mu maonekedwe omwe amadziwika lero, ndi chosiyana ndi choyambirira. Makamaka, m'malo onse overture bwino kuti poyambirira pa zosayembekezereka ya zilembo kusewera mu amaonetsa ndi kuyamba anaitanidwa achilendo medley a Spanish wowerengeka kuvina nyimbo imene inali recreate m'mlengalenga Seville. Komanso, panali anthu ofufuza nkhani: patsogolo ntchito yachiwiri anatsimikizira kuti mphambu wasowa mosadziwika bwino. Ndiye Rossini, amene ulesi mu Italy wakhala nkhani ya m'mudzi, monga rummaged kudzera mapepala ake ndipo anapeza overture olembedwa kwa mankhwala yosatha. Zinali iye amene kuyambira pamenepo ndipo anayamba kuwomba nthawi iliyonse anayamba wina zimasonyeza-staging ya sewero la "The Barber wa Seville." Komanso, nyimbo chomwecho mu yofanana osiyana, ndi pamaso imene ankagwiritsa ntchito Wolemba pa zisudzo nyimbo.

"The Barber wa Seville." Chidule Act Ine: Ine chithunzi

Nyumba ya Dr. Bartolo, Rosina wamoyo, amene pakuwonana koyamba kugwa m'chikondi ndi Chiwerengero Almaviva. Iye akutipempha oimba, kotero iwo anayimba serenade pansi windo. Komabe, iye sapita khonde, ndipo mnyamatayo anakhumudwa kwambiri. Apa pakubwera Figaro - ndi humorist m'dera ndi ometa, amene amadziwa kuwerengera scoundrel wotchuka. Almaviva amalowa kucheza naye ndipo akupempha kuti amalipiritsa kuthandiza iye kukwatira Rosina. Figaro mosangalala akuvomereza. Amuna anayamba kupanga dongosolo, koma iye amapita kunja kwa nyumba ya Bartolo, amene akulankhula yekha, ndipo anapereka cholinga yake yomweyo kukwatira m'dera lake. Izo chikutha ndi Chiwerengero anatsimikizira kuti nthawi iyi kanthu kuteteza kuona wokondedwa wake akuimba ndi serenade m'malo Lindor woimba. Rosina woyamba poyankha iye pakhonde, koma kenaka mwadzidzidzi anathamanga kukauza. Figaro zikusonyeza Almaviva kusintha msilikali ndi kupita Bartolo. Pali Zithunzi ayenera kuimira woledzera, amene anatsimikiza kuti Yesu anatumidwa kudikira basi nyumba iyi.

Chidule II Ine chithunzi kanthu

Zimene zinachitika mu nyumba ya Bartolo. Ayamba II chithunzi (I kuchita sewero la "The Barber wa Seville") aria Rosina, limene iye amaimba za chikondi chake Leandro. Kenaka pakubwera kunyumba Bartolo ndi Basilio kenako - mtsikana nyimbo mphunzitsi. Iye amauza dotolo kuti miseche Rosina ndi Almaviva, monga okonda. Bartolo akukwiya ndi Basilio akuimba ndi aria wotchuka za miseche. Mu zochitika lotsatira, Figaro limatiuza msungwana za chikondi Leander ndi mkazi wakeyo kuti alembe kalata mnyamata. Iwo likukhalira kuti Rosina wachita kale, ndi ometa mokondwera adzatenge ntchito ya postman lapansi. Bartolo akuwakayikira onse, amasiyiratu Woman pansi loko ndi kiyi.

Zikuoneka Almaviva, ananamizira ngati msilikali. Ngakhale malonjezo madokotala kuti nyumba yake osapatsidwa billeting, Lililonse akukana kuti achoke mwakachetechete ndi Rosina momveka bwino kuti iye ndi kuonera Lindor ake. Bartolo amayesetsa kutulutsa "Msilikali", amene ayamba kupanga vuto. Ndi skirmish wapakamwa agwirizane monga Basilio, Figaro ndipo kabuthuko. The phokoso chidwi wa asilikali olondera mzinda, koma Almaviva osati kumangidwa, ngati akuuza dzina lake ndi mutu wa msilikali.

"The Barber wa Seville": okhutira wa chithunzi Ine Act II

Almaviva ndi Bartolo mu mawonekedwe a mphunzitsi music, amene mwamva anabwera m'malo kudwala Basilio. Chifukwa cha ichi, iye mwanyengedwanso "kupereka phunziro" Rosina. duet awo si monga Bartolo waganiza aonetsere wophunzira ndi "mphunzitsi" imene nyimbo ndi mmene kuimba.

Figaro ifika kuti amete Bartolo ndi umafuna. Dokotala akukhala ndi nkhope lathered, n'kulemba zikugwirizana ndi ankakonda athawe. Mwadzidzidzi Basilio, koma Figaro, Almaviva ndi Rosina ayamba akhutire kuti iye anali malungo. Earl amalowerera foist chikwama mphunzitsi - ndipo iye amabwerera kunyumba, "kuchitiridwa". Bartolo ayamba kuganiza kuti iye anali kuyesera kupusitsa, ndipo amatulutsa onse koma Rosina ndi adzakazi.

Zamkatimu II yekha II kanthu

Oimba chimagwira mpukutu ku ntchito ndi Rossini, "mwala woyesera". Komanso sewero la "The Barber wa Seville" akupitiriza pansi lachiwiri la nyumba ya Bartolo. Amasungunula zenera ndipo mu chipinda umalowa mu Lililonse ndi Figaro. Rosina Almaviva limasonyeza asadziwike kuti ndi mtsikana mpaka ndiye ankamuona woimba Lindor. Pamodzi ndi Le Figaro, iye anditsutsa ake kuthawa. Koma ndinaona pa nthawi yomaliza kuti makwerero omwe achinyamata anali m'nyumba mbisoweka. Monga likukhalira kenako, iwo anaomba Bartolo, amene anapita kwa odziwitsa a.

Apa panadza odziwitsa ndi Basilio, Bartolo anachititsa kuti akalembetse ukwati pakati pa iye ndi Rosina. Almaviva ziphuphu ndi akunyengerera onse kuganiza ukwati pakati pa iye ndi msungwana, osati adzabwerenso Bartolo. The odziwitsa certifies mgwirizanowo ukwati, kenako pali dokotala, limodzi ndi alonda. Bartolo anauzidwa kuti kanthu zikhoza kusintha, ndipo iye anali kulandira zotsatira zawo, makamaka Almaviva renounces malowolo mkazi wake. Onse pamodzi ayimba aria womaliza wa chiyanjanitso.

Kupanga loyamba la "The Barber wa Seville" mu Russian

M'zaka 19, luso la sewero Russia anali wotchuka zapadera. Komanso masewera apadera analipo osati likulu komanso m'madera. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga loyamba la "The Barber wa Seville" zinachitikadi mu 1821 ku Odessa mu dziko lathu. The kusewera anali mu Italy ndi wopambana kwambiri. Patapita chaka chimodzi, "The Barber wa Seville", mwachidule zomwe amadziwika kwa anthu onse okonda nyimbo za zisudzo, analeredwa St. Petersburg. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, iye anali zopezeka mu repertoire a kampani Italy sewero North mwa likulu, ndi nyengo angapo aria Rosina mu icho kuchita wotchuka Polina Viardo.

"The Barber wa Seville" pa Mariinsky Theater

Mu 1783 Catherine II analamula kukhazikitsa mu St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre, yomwe kenako anadzatchedwa polemekeza Mfumukazi Maria Alexandrovna. Mu October 1882 panali ankachitika "The Barber wa Seville." The Mariinsky Theater wachita ntchito ya zisudzo zake zabwino. Choncho, chipani Bartolo anachita ndi F. Stravinsky (bambo a katswiri wotchuka kwambiri wopeka Stravinsky), Almaviva - P. A. Lody, Rosina - M. A. Slavina ndi Figaro - Prianishnikov. "The Barber wa Seville" Mariinsky Theater kwa nthawi wachiwiri mu March 1918, ndi nawo Rostov, Volevach, Karakash, Serebryakov, Losev, Denisov ndi Stepanova. Komanso, panali zisudzo awiri - mu 1940 ndi 1958. Mu October 2014, kuyamba kwa "The Barber wa Seville" ndi I. Selivanov E. Umerov, O. Pudova, Korotich, F. Kuznetsov ndi E. Sommer.

Woimba wotchuka aria Rosina

Ndi momwemo zimachitika kuti otchuka Arias mkazi pakati nyimbo okonda zachikhalidwe. Makamaka, anthu ambiri pafupipafupi anachita nyimbo imene anaimba Rosina ( "The Barber wa Seville" ndi Rossini) pa chiyambi cha chithunzi II Act I). Mmodzi wa asangalatsi zabwino amati Maria Callas, amene anatha mwangwiro kupereka absurdity zimenezi. Ndipotu, nkhani ya Arias zotsatirazi: Rosina kuti simusamala kuti akwatire ndipo akuyembekezeka kukhala mkazi wogonjela, koma pokhapokha ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi sadzakhala kutsutsana naye. Ngati sakufuna kukhutiritsa zokhumba zake, limalonjeza kuti vixen weniweni ndi kusintha moyo wake mu gehena.

Koma oimba Russian wa aria ku sewero la "The Barber wa Seville" pakati pawo ndi A. V. Nezhdanovu, V. V. Barsovu, V. Firsov. Komanso, ntchito imeneyi anabweretsa mbiri ya munthu wa divas yowala za zisudzo nthawi yathu - Anna Netrebko. Mwa njira, aria Rosina anachita monga katswiri wa zisudzo ndi talente wosatsutsika kuimba Ekaterina Savinova mu filimu "Bwererani mawa." chithunzi ichi wopambana kwambiri, ndipo mbali yaikulu - Frosya Burlakov - anakumbukira zonse.

Aria wa Figaro

Rossini a "Barber wa Seville" (mwachidule anapereka pamwamba) imatchedwanso maphwando chidwi kuti mawu a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa anthu otchuka ndi aria wa Figaro. Kwalembedwa kuti Tenala yotsika, ndipo wometa ake akusangalala akudzitama wa indispensability ake kwa anthu ndi matamando yekha, kufuula "Bravo, Figaro! Bravo, Bravissimo! "A zambiri connoisseurs nyimbo zachikhalidwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi aria anathandiza chakuti chaka chilichonse ambiri a nyumba za zisudzo padziko lonse kuika kusewera" The Barber wa Seville. " Figaro kuonekera pa siteji za akatswiri ambiri otchuka. Pakati pawo sitinganene kuti Muslim Magomayev, ndi aluso yachilendo - kwambiri Italy Tenala yotsika Titta Ruffo.

zipani zina

masewera Wina chidwi kuti imakongoletsa sewero la "The Barber wa Seville", ndemanga imene ndi Fedora Shalyapina anakhalabe anasangalala kwambiri - Basilio zanu. Iye anaimbanso ngati wotchuka yoimba monga Ruggero Raimondi, Laszlo Polgar, Ferruccio Furlanetto ndi Paolo Montarsolo.

"The Barber wa Seville" - ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu mokondwera ndi zabwino masewero a zinasangalatsa ngakhale kumvera anthu amene ali kutali ndi nyimbo zachikhalidwe.