Gray ndi woyera nkhani ya ubongo

Ubongo wa munthu wapangidwa kanthu woyera ndi imvi. The choyamba - zonse wodzala pakati pa nkhaniyi imvi mu kotekisi ndi mtima woyambira. Pa wosanjikiza pamwamba ali yunifolomu imvi maselo nkhani mitsempha amene makulidwe ndi theka millimeters anayi.

Anaphunzitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane zimene imvi ndi woyera kanthu mu ubongo.

Kuchokera pa zimene zinthu zimenezi

CNS mankhwala ndi mitundu iwiri: woyera ndi imvi.

White mankhwala lopangidwa ndi kuchuluka ulusi mitsempha ndi mitsempha njira selo, yomwe envelopu ali ndi mtundu woyera.

Nkhani imvi tichipeza maselo mitsempha ndi njira. Mitsempha ulusi kulumikiza mbali zosiyana za chapakati dongosolo ndi mitsempha malo amanjenje.

Gray ndi woyera nkhani chingwe msana

Inhomogeneous nkhani ya thupi ndi imvi ndi woyera. Zithunzi yoyamba ya nambala yaikulu manyuroni, amene ali anaikira mu phata ndipo ali a mitundu itatu:

• radicular maselo;
• Mtengo manyuroni;
• maselo mkati.

nkhani White lozungulira msana imvi kanthu. Amakhala ndi njira mitsempha, analemba machitidwe CHIKWANGWANI zitatu:

• intercalary ndi afferent manyuroni kuti kulumikiza mbali zosiyanasiyana za chingwe msana;
• afferent kwenikweni ndi centripetal yaitali;
• mota afferent kapena centrifugal yaitali.

medulla oblongata

timadziwa njira thunthu, kuti chingwe msana amakhala elongated. Mbali ya ubongo pamwamba ndi chachikulu kuposa pansi. Pafupifupi kutalika ndi 25 millimeters ndi kumaoneka ngati phirilo truncated.

Akufotokozera yokoka ndipo Makutu ziwalo zolumikizana ndi kupuma ndi magazi. Choncho, imvi kanthu pakati akulamulidwa malire kagayidwe, makope, kupuma, kuyenda kugwirizana.

hindbrain

ubongo ili lapangidwa mlatho ndi cerebellum. Taganizani nkhani imvi ndi woyera mwa iwo. Bridge ndi lalikulu woyera wodzigudubuza ku mbali kumbuyo maziko a. Pa dzanja limodzi izo zinawonetsera malire ake ndi miyendo ubongo, ndi pa zina - ndi nthawi yaitali. Tikakhala ndi mtanda gawo, nkhani woyera ndi mtima imvi pano ziwoneka bwino. ulusi yopingasa kugawanitsa kugwirizanitsa ventral ndi dorsal malo. Mu ventral woyera nkhani makamaka njira pano ndi imvi apa ndipamene pakati pake penipeni.

The dorsal gawo ndi mtima: cha kusinthitsa, mapangidwe reticular, machitidwe kwenikweni ndi misempha cranial.

cerebellum ili pansi pa lobes occipital. Pamafunikanso Chigawo ndi gawo pakati otchedwa "mbozi". Nkhani imvi wa kotekisi ndi mtima cerebellar amene ali shatro-, nodular, ndi probkovidnym zida. White nkhani ya mu ubongo gawo ili pansi makungwa a cerebellum lapansi. Iwo likulowerera gyrus zonse monga othandiza magazi kuundana woyera ndipo imakhala ulusi zosiyanasiyana kapena kumumanga magawo ndi meanders kapena kutumizidwa mitima mkati kapena kulumikiza zigawo ubongo.

midbrain

Umayamba pakati oziziritsa kuwira. Pa dzanja lina limafanana padziko brainstem pakati England pineal ndi ubongo chapamwamba matanga pa zina - pakati pa mammillary matupi gawo ndi gawo pamaso pa kamlathoka.

Mbaliyi ngalande oziziritsa, pa dzanja limodzi kuti malire amaperekedwa ndi denga, ndi pa zina - miyendo tayala chingwe. Pa gawo ventral kusiyanitsa kumbuyo perforated chinthu ndi chachikulu ubongo tsinde, pamene dorsal - denga mbale ndi chogwirira chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi cusps.

Ngati tikulingalira ngalande oziziritsa pankhani woyera ndi imvi ubongo, tikuona kuti woyera lozungulira chapakati imvi mankhwala wapangidwa ndi maselo zabwino ndi kukhala ndi makulidwe a millimeters 2 mpaka 5. Amakhala chipika, ndi trigeminal cranial mitsempha, pamodzi ndi ngale zina ndi wotsiriza wapakatikati.

diencephalon

Malowa ali pamtunda pakati pa corpus callosum ndi Chipilala ndi laterally zinaphatikizidwa ndi ubongo mtheradi. The dorsal magawano tichipeza thalamus, pamwamba pa amene ali nadbugore, ndipo ili mu ventral dera nizhnebugornaya.

nkhani Gray wapangidwa mtima, amene ali oyanjana ndi malo osiyanasiyana.
White nkhani njira ndi kuperekedwa mu madera osiyana, kuonetsetsa mogwirizana ndi mapangidwe a kotekisi ubongo ndi phata. The diencephalon lilinso ndi pituitary ndi pineal England.

endbrain

Umaimiridwa ndi hemispheres awiri, alekanitsa kagawo zikuyenda iwo. Izo zikugwirizana ndi kuya kwa corpus callosum ndi spikes.

M'mimbamo anapereka ventricles lateral ili limodzi ndi Chigawo chachiwiri. hemispheres awa wapangidwa:

• odula neocortex kapena zisanu ndi kutumphuka maselo zosiyana mitsempha;
• striatum wa ganglia woyambira - akale, akale ndi atsopano;
• partitions.

Koma nthawi zina pali gulu lina:

• olfactory ubongo;
• subcortex;
• nkhani imvi wa kotekisi lapansi.

Popanda wokhudza nkhani imvi, siyani pomwepo woyera.

Za mbali ya nkhani woyera wa hemispheres ndi

Nkhaniyi woyera ubongo ali danga lonse pakati pa mtima imvi woyambira. Pali chiwerengero chachikulu ulusi mitsempha. Madera awa akupezeka mu nkhani woyera:

• mankhwala chapakati mkati kapisozi, corpus callosum ndi ulusi yaitali;
• chowala korona ulusi divergent;
• semioval pakati m'madera akunja;
• thunthu mu grooves pakati convolutions lapansi.

Mitsempha ulusi ndi:

• commissural;
• associative;
• Ziyerekezo.

Zinthu zoyera zikuphatikizapo ulusi mitsempha, amene ogwirizana wina ndi convolutions ena a kotekisi oziziritsa ndi mabungwe ena.

ulusi mitsempha

Kwenikweni ulusi commissural ndi mbali ya corpus callosum. Iwo zili commissures ubongo kulumikiza makungwa mu hemispheres osiyana ndi mfundo symmetrical.

CHIKWANGWANI associative zigawo m'magulumagulu pa Chigawo limodzi. Mu yochepayi kulumikiza pafupi gyri, ndi yaitali - ali chapatali kwambiri Chrixitu.

Yapamwamba ziyerekezo kugwirizana ndi dongosolo la kutumphuka kuti ili m'munsi ndiponso kuti periphery lapansi.

Ngati mkati kapisozi view mazunzo gawo adzakhala kuonekera lenticular phata ndi phazi kunsana. ulusi ziyerekezo anawagawa:

• ulusi anakafika ku thalamus kuti kotekisi ndi zosiyana, iwo chimwemwe ndi khungwa ndi centrifugal;
• ulusi walangizidwa mtima mitsempha galimoto;
• ulusi, kupereka nyemba kwa minofu ya thupi lonse;
• CHIKWANGWANI imatsogoleredwa kuchokera kotekisi kwa mtima mlatho, malamulo ndi kupereka braking kanthu kuti ntchito cerebellum.

Anthu ulusi mosabisa kuti ali pafupi makungwa, kulenga korona chowala. Ndiye mbali yaikulu ya iwo alowa kapisozi mkati, mmene woyera olimba ndi pakati caudate ndi mtima lenticular ndi thalamus.

Padziko pali chitsanzo chovuta kwambiri komwe mizere ina ndi zitunda therebetween. Iwo amatchedwa gyri. mizere zozama kugawa Chigawo pa malo aakulu, ndipo amatchedwa lobes. Nthawi zambiri sulcus ubongo kwambiri munthu, angakhale osiyana kwambiri kwa anthu osiyanasiyana.

The hemispheres ndi lobes zisanu:

• mazunzo;
• parietal;
• kanthawi;
• occipital;
• islet.

Mzere achokera chapakati pamwamba pa Chigawo ndipo ukusunthira pansi ndi atumiza kwa Lobe mazunzo. gawo la kumbuyo la sulcus chapakati ndi lobes parietal, amene umatha parietooccipital mzere.

Tikamazunzidwa Lobe lagawidwa meanders anayi, ofukula ndi yopingasa.
Pamwamba lateral wa Lobe zosatha ukufanizidwa ndi convolutions atatu amene delimited Chrixitu.

Sulcus wa Lobe occipital ndi variable. Koma aliyense kawirikawiri amakhala mtanda, amene chikugwirizana ndi mapeto mzere interparietal.

Ndi ili parietal Lobe poyambira akuthamanga kufanana kwa chapakati yopingasa ndi merging ndi poyambira ena. Malinga malo awo, gawo ili lagawidwa convolutions atatu.

Island ali ndi mawonekedwe triangular. Iwo ali ndi convolutions yochepa chabe.

ubongo chotupa

Chifukwa cha zipambano za sayansi yamakono anakhala zotheka kuchita zina zamakono matenda ubongo. Choncho, ngati pali chotupa pathological pankhani woyera, zikhoza kuonedwa pa siteji oyambirira ndiponso perekani chithandizo m'njira yake.

Ena mwa matenda amene amayamba ndi zotupa za chinthu, kumasula izo kuphwanya polushaniyah, makapisozi kudwala, corpus callosum ndi syndromes khalidwe losanganikirana. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kumbuyo kuvulala mwendo theka limodzi la thupi la munthu akhoza kusokoneza. Vutoli kumachitika ndi mkhutu tilinazo kapena kupunduka zithunzi kumunda. Wonongeka wa corpus callosum patsogolo kwa mavuto a m'maganizo. Pankhaniyi, munthu ikutha kuzindikira ozungulira zinthu, zochitika, etc., kapena sizikupanga zochita cholinga. Ngati cholinga ndi awiri amaganiza, zingaoneke Pomeza matenda kutukwana.

N'zosatheka Musaone kufunika onse kanthu imvi ndi woyera mu ubongo. Kotero mwamsanga kudziwa kumene kuli matenda bwino mwayi kuti mankhwala mukapambana.